Incentives to Attract FDI: Evidence from the Łódź Province

Tomasz Dorożyński

doi:10.18778/8220-239-7

Słowa kluczowe: foreign direct investment, foreign capital, investment incentives, special economic zones, business internationalization, business in Łódź

Opublikowane: 6 października 2020

Kategorie: Ekonomia i zarządzanie, Otwarty dostęp

Pliki do pobrania

PDF English

Internationalisation is an important process currently observed in the contemporary global economy. It consists in creating and developing diverse forms of cross-border ties between enterprises and foreign direct investment is an example of these. Multinational enterprises are looking for optimal locations in almost all (politically and economically safe) countries and regions across the globe.

Most governments actively compete for investors by offering different incentive schemes, such as, inter alia, fiscal, financial, regulatory, and technical and information instruments and measures. The primary research goal of the study is to assess the importance of incentives offered to foreign direct investors by the evaluation of their effects understood in this case as investor reaction to such incentives. Hence, the process is seen from the investor perspective. The first part of the monograph is devoted to theoretical aspects of assisting foreign investors. The second part, which is empirical, discusses studies conducted to assess the relevance of incentives from the point of view of the host country economy.

The publication is addressed mainly to economists and representatives of international business. It may also be of interest to people engaged in business operations in international contexts: managers, experts, representatives of public administration. The monograph should also be recommended as an excellent supplementary reading for students of all university courses connected with the internationalisation of enterprises.

Tomasz Dorożyński - University of Łódź, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Institute of Economics, Department of International Trade

Dr hab. Tomasz Dorożyński (Ph.D.) works in the Department of International Trade, Institute of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz. He is a member to several prestigious international organisations of researchers and experts in international economics and international business, such as: European International Business Academy, European Economics and Finance Society, Euro-Asia Management Studies Association, Academy of International Business Central Eastern European (AIB-CEE) Chapter, EIBA Poland. His research achievements include ca. 95 reviewed publications (after 2008). Three of his publications were awarded by the Rector of the University of Lodz for their research content. So far, he has been involved in 11 research projects, also as project manager, 5 of them were co-financed by the EU. On top of that, he received three grants for young research workers. Results of his studies have been presented on numerous occasions to domestic and international conferences, e.g., in the UK, USA, Sweden, Germany, Brazil, France, Iceland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Turkey, Spain, Greece, Denmark, Belgium, Hungary, Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia. His research work focuses, inter alia, on the cohesion policy, regional development, internationalization, FDI, investment incentives, location determinants, investment attractiveness and special economic zones. He has been the author, researcher and expert to several EC projects under, e.g., Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme, Leonardo da Vinci, Erasmus (+) and Grundtvig programmes. He was the project manager with the EEA / Norway Grant, National Bank of Poland grant and Management Coordinator of the international project #European Mobility Placements for Open Innovation (Erasmus+, Strategic Partnerships). For many years he has been the expert for Enterprise Europe Network Centre (FPE) within the Central Poland Business Support Network, co-financed by Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (2007–2013) and COSME (2014–2020). Since 2020 he has been the researcher in the international project Be Competent in Entrepreneurship: Knowledge Alliances for Developing Entrepreneurship Competencies for the Benefit of Higher Education and Business (BeComE). He lectured abroad (France, Portugal, Germany, Lithuania, Hungary, Estonia, Romania, Latvia & Slovakia) under the Erasmus (+) Programme.

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J. (2004), Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth, NBER Working Paper, 10481, pp. 1–111.

Aggarwal, A. (2012), Social and Economic Impact of SEZs in India, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Akçay, S. (2001), “Is Corruption an Obstacle for Foreign Investors in Developing Countries? A Cross-Country Evidence”, Yapi Kredi Economic Review, 12(2), pp. 27–34.

Alfaro, L. (2003), “Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: Does the Sector Matter?”, Harvard Business School, pp. 1–31.

Alfaro, L. (2015), “Foreign Direct Investment: Effects, Complementarities, and Promotion”, [in:] Manzano, O., Auguste, S., Cueves, M. (eds.), Partners or Creditors? Attracting Foreign Investment and Productive Development to Central America and Dominican Republic, Inter-American Development Bank Washington DC, pp. 1–32.

Alfaro, L. (2017), “Gains from Foreign Direct Investment: Macro and Micro Approaches”, The World Bank Economic Review, 30(Supplement 1), 1 March 2017, pp. S2–S15.

Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., Sayek, S. (2004), “FDI and Economic Growth: The Role of Local Financial Markets”, Journal of International Economics, 64, pp. 89–112.

Alfaro, L., Charlton, A. (2009), “Intra-industry Foreign Direct Investment”, American Economic Review, American Economic Association, 99(5), pp. 2096–2119, December.

Alfaro, L., Chauvin, J. (2016), Foreign Direct Investment, Finance, and Economic Development. Chapter for the Encyclopaedia of International Economics and Global Trade, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2908440 (accessed: May 2018).

Alfaro, L., Chauvin, J. (2017), Foreign Direct Investment, Finance, and Economic Development, [in:] Encyclopedia of International Economics and Global Trade. Available online at: http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/FDICapital_Formatted_20170922_Final_W_c7fcb82c-f318-4632-a589-20118eaeebf8.pdf (accessed: May 2018).

Alfaro, L., Chen, M. X. (2016), Location Fundamentals, Agglomeration Economies, and the Geography of Multinational Firms, Working Papers 2016–18, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy, Washington, DC.

Alfaro, L., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., Sayek, S. (2009), “FDI, Productivity and Financial”, The World Economy, vol. 32, issue 1, pp. 111–135.

Alfaro, L., Rodriguez-Clare, A. (2004), “Multinationals and Linkages: An Empirical Investigation”, Economia Journal, the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association Lacea, (Spring 20), pp. 113–169.

Ali, F. A., Fiess, N., MacDonald, R. (2010), “Do Institutions Matter for Foreign Direct Investment?”, Open Economies Review, 21(2), pp. 201–219.

Aliber, R. Z. (1970), “A Theory of Direct Foreign Investment”, [in:] Kindleberger, C. P. (ed.), The International Corporation, Assymposium Combrite MA, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Allen, N. J., Morisset, J., Pirnia, N., Wells L. T. (2001), Using Tax Incentives to Compete for Foreign Investment – Are They Worth the Cost?, FIAS Occasional Paper 15, Foreign Investment Advisory Service, Washington DC.

Alsan, M., Bloom, D., Canning, D. (2006), The Effect of Population Health on Foreign Direct Investment, NBER Working Paper, No. 10596.

Ambroziak, A. A. (2003), Rozwiązanie kwestii udzielania pomocy publicznej w specjalnych strefach ekonomicznych w Polsce (I), Wspólnoty Europejskie, Instytut Koniunktur i Cen Handlu Zagranicznego, Warszawa.

Ambroziak, A. A. (2012), Pomoc publiczna państw członkowskich UE w okresie kryzysu gospodarczego w latach 2008–2010, Unia Europejska.pl, No. 3(214).

Ambroziak, A. A. (2013), “Wpływ wytycznych w sprawie krajowej pomocy regionalnej na warunki udzielania wsparcia przedsiębiorcom w Polsce w latach 2014–2020”, The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanitatis, 5, pp. 17–28.

Ambroziak, A. A. (2015) “Ewolucja zasad udzielania pomocy publicznej po rozszerzeniu UE w 2004 roku. Konsekwencje dla Polski”, [in:] Małuszyńska, E., Mazur, G., Musiałkowska, I. (eds.), Polska – 10 lat członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, Poznań, pp. 359–378.

Ancyparowicz, G. (2009), “Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej”, Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie. Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 77, pp. 89–103.

Andersen, M. R., Kett, B. R., von Uexkull, E. (2017), Corporate Tax Incentives and FDI in Developing Countries, Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2017/2018, doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1175-3 (accessed: September 2018).

Andersen, O. (1993), “On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis”, Journal of International Business Studies, 24, pp. 209–231.

Andersson, S., Victor I. (2003), “Innovative Internationalization in New Firms: Born Globals – the Swedish Case”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(3), pp. 249–276.

Antràs, P., Yeaple, S. R. (2014), “Multinational Firms and the Structure of International Trade”, Handbook of International Economics, 4, pp. 55–130.

Anyanwu, J. (2012), “Why Does Foreign Direct Investment Go Where It Goes?: New Evidence From African Countries”, Annals of Economics and Finance, 13(2), pp. 425–462.

Asheghian, P. (2004), “Determinants of Economic Growth in the United States: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment”, International Trade Journal, 18(1), pp. 63–83.

Asiedu, E. (2001), “On the Determinants of FDI to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different”, World Development, 30(1), pp. 107–119.

Asiedu, E. (2006), “Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Role of Natural Resources, Market Size, Government Policy, Institutions and Political Instability”, World Economy, 29(1), pp. 63–77.

Asongu, S. A., Kodila-Tedika, O. (2015), Conditional determinants of FDI in Fast Emerging Economies: An Instrumental Quantile Regression Approach, African Governance and Development Institute Working Paper, No. 15/003.

Azémar, C., Desbordes, R. (2010), “Short-run Strategies for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment”, World Economy, 33(7), pp. 928–957.

Baharumshah, A., Almasaied, S. (2009), “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Malaysia: Interactions with Human Capital and Financial Deepening”, Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 45(1), pp. 90–102.

Bailey, N. (2018), “Exploring the Relationship between Institutional Factors and FDI Attractiveness: A Meta-analytic Review”, International Business Review, 27(1), pp. 139–148.

Balasubramanyam, V., Salisu, M., Sapsford, D. (1996), “Foreign Direct Investment as an Engine of Growth”, Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 8(1), pp. 27–40.

Bartels, F. L., Napolitano, F., Tissi, N. E. (2014), “FDI in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Longitudinal Perspective on Location Specific Factors (2003–2010)”, International Business Review, 23, pp. 516–529.

Bellak, Ch., Damijan, J., Leibrecht, M. (2009), “Infrastructure Endowment and Corporate Income Taxes as Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern European Countries”, The World Economy, vol. 32, issue 2, February, pp. 267–290.

Bellak, Ch., Leibrecht, M. (2007), Some Further Evidence on the Role of Effective Corporate Income Taxes as a Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and East European Countries, Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Taxation, National Tax Association, Washington DC.

Bellak, Ch., Leibrecht, M., Riedl, A. (2008), “Labour Costs and FDI Inlows into Central and Eastern European Countries: A Survey of the Literature and Empirical Evidence”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, vol. 19(1), pp. 17–37.

Belniak, M. (2015), “Factors Stimulating Internationalisation of Firms: An Attempted Holistic Synthesis”, Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 3(2), pp. 125–140.

Bénassy-Quéré, A., Coupet, M., Mayer, T. (2005), Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment, CEPII Working Paper, No. 2005–05, Paris.

Bénassy-Quéré, A., Coupet, M., Mayer, T. (2007), “Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment”, The World Economy, 30(5), May, pp. 764–782.

Bénassy-Quéré, A., Fontagné, L., Lahrèche-Révil, A. (2003), “Tax Competition and Foreign Direct Investment”, CEPII Working Paper, 17, pp. 1–32.

Benito, G. R., Welch, L. S. (1997), “De-Internationalization”, Management International Review, 37 (Special Issue).

Bhavan, T., Xu, Ch., Zhong, Ch. (2011), “Determinants and Growth Effect of FDI in South Asian Economies: Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis”, International Business Research, vol. 4(1), pp. 43–50.

Bhavan, T., Xu, Ch., Zhong, Ch. (2011), “The Relationship between Foreign Aid and FDI in South Asian Economies”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(2), pp. 143–49.

Biggs, P. (2007), “Tax Incentives to Attract FDI”, Paper presented at the Meeting of Experts on FDI, Technology and Competitiveness, UNCTAD, Palais des Nations, Geneva, pp. 1–14.

Biswas, R. (2002), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment”, Review of Development Economics 6(3), pp. 492–504.

Black, D., Hoyt, W. (1989), “Bidding for Firms”, American Economic Review 79(5), pp. 1249–1256.

Blalock, H. M. (1977), Social Statistics, Polish edition, PWN, Warszawa.

Blanc-Brude, F., Cookson, G., Piesse, J., Strange, R. (2014), “The FDI Location Decision: Distance and the Effects of Spatial Dependence”, International Business Review, 23(4), pp. 797–810.

Blomström, M. (1986), “Foreign Direct Investment and Productive Efficiency: The Case of Mexico”, Journal of Industrial Economics, 15, pp. 97–110.

Blomström, M., Kokko, A. (1998), “Multinational Corporations and Spillovers”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 12(3), pp. 247–277.

Blomström, M., Kokko, A. (2003), “The Economics of Foreign Direct Investment”, Working Paper, vol. 168, Bundesbank Conference, January.

Blomström, S., Globerman, S., Kokko, A. (1999), The Determinants of Host Country Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment: Review and Synthesis of the Literature, The European Institute of Japanese Studies, Working Paper, No. 76, September 1999.

Bond, E. W., Samuelson, L. (1986), “Tax Holidays as Signals”, American Economic Review, 76(4), pp. 820–826.

Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J., Lee, J-W. (1998), “How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth?”, Journal of International Economics, 45, pp. 115–135.

Botric, V. V., Skuflic L. (2006), “Main Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the Southeast European Countries”, Transition Studies Review, 13(2), pp. 359–377.

Böventer, E. von (1963), “Toward a United Theory of Spatial Economic Structure”, Papers of the Regional Science Association, 10(1), pp. 163–187; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1962.tb00877.x (accessed: April 2017).

Brainard, B. (1997), “An Empirical Assesment of the Proximity-Concentration Tradeoff between Multinational Sales and Trade”, American Economic Review, 87, pp. 520–544.

Braunerhjelm, P. (1996), “The Relation between Firm-specific Intangibles and Exports”, Economics Letters, 53(2), pp. 213–219.

Braunerhjelm, P., Ekholm, K., Grundberg, L., Karpaty, P. (1996), Swedish multinational corporations: Recent trends in foreign activities, IUI Working Paper, No. 462.

Brooks, D. H., Hasan, R., Lee, J.-W., Son, H. H., Zhuang, J. (2010), Closing Development Gaps: Challenges and Policy Options, ADB Economics Working Paper Series 209, Asian Development Bank, Manila.

Buchanan, B. G., Le, Q. V., Rishi, M. (2012), “Foreign Direct Investment and Institutional Quality: Some Empirical Evidence”, International Review of Financial Analysis, 21, pp. 81–89.

Buckley, P. J. (1987), “The Theory of the Multinational Enterprise”, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Oeconomiae Negotiorum 26, Uppsala.

Buckley, P. J. (1988), “The Limits of Explanation: Testing the Internalisation Theory of the Multi-national”, Journal of International Business Studies, 19, pp. 181–193.

Buckley, P. J., Casson, M. (1976), The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, 1, Macmillan, London.

Buckley, J. P., Sparkes, J. R., Mirza, H. (1987), “Direct Investment in Japan as a Means of Market Entry: The Case of European Firms”, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 241–258.

Buczkowski, B., Kłysik-Uryszek, A., Kuna-Marszałek, A., Świerkocki, J. (2015), Polskie inwestycje bezpośrednie. Doświadczenia przedsiębiorstw regionu łódzkiego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

Busse, M. (2004), “Transnational Corporations and Repression of Political Rights and Civil Liberties: An Empirical Analysis”, Kyklos, 57(1), pp. 45–66.

Busse, M., Hefeker, C. (2007), “Political risk, Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment”, European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), pp. 397–415.

Calof, J. L., Beamish, P. W. (1995), “Adapting to Foreign Markets: Explaining Internationalization”, International Business Review, 4(2), pp. 115–131.

Campos, N., Kinoshita, Y. (2002), “Foreign Direct Investment as Technology Transferred: Some Panel Evidence from the Transition Economies”, The Manchester School, 70(3), pp. 398–419.

Cantwell, J., Narula, R. (2001), “The Eclectic Paradigm in the Global Economy, International Journal of the Economics of Business”, 8(2), pp. 155–172.

Carkovic, M. V., Levine, R. E. (2002a), Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Economic Growth? University of Minnesota, Department of Finance, Working Paper, June 2002, pp. 1–23; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.314924

Carkovic, M. V., Levine, R. E. (2002b), “Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Economic Growth?”, [in:] Moran, T., Graham, E., Blomström, M. (eds.), Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, pp. 195–220.

Carstensen, K., Toubal, F. (2004), “Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern European Countries: A Dynamic Panel Analysis”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 32(1), pp. 3–22.

Cass, F. (2007), “Attracting FDI to Transition Countries: The Use of Incentives and Promotion Agencies”, Transnational Corporations, 16(2), August, pp. 77–122.

Castro, C., Nunes, P. (2013), “Does Corruption Inhibit Foreign Direct Investment?”, Política/Revista De Ciencia Política, 51(1), pp. 61–83.

Caves, R. E. (1971), “International Corporations: the Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment”, Economica, 38(149), pp. 1–27.

Caves, R. E. (2007), Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, Third Edition, Cambridge University Press, New York.

Cavusgil, S. T. (1984), “Differences among Exporting Firms Based on Their Degree of Internationalization”, Journal of Business Research, 12(2), pp. 195–208.

Chang, S. (2006), “The Dynamic Interactions among Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Exports and Unemployment: Evidence from Taiwan”, Economic Change & Restructuring, 38(3/4), pp. 235–256.

Cheng, L. K., Kwan, Y. K. (2000), “What Are the Determinants of the Location of Foreign Direct Investment? The Chinese Experience”, Journal of International Economics, 51(2), pp. 379–400.

Choe, J. (2003), “Do Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Investment Promote Economic Growth?”, Review of Development Economics, 7(1), pp. 44–57.

Chou, K.-H., Chen, C.-H., Mai, C.-C. (2011), “The Impact of Third-country Effects and Economic Integration on China’s outward FDI”, Economic Modelling, 28(5), pp. 2154–2163.

Chowdhury, A., Mavrotas, G. (2003), “FDI and Growth: what Causes What?”, WIDER conference on „Sharing global prosperity”, WIDER, Helsínquia, Setembro 1 to 18.

Christiansen, H., Oman, C., Charlton, A. (2003), “Incentives-based Competition for Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Brazil”, OECD Working Papers on International Investment, 2003/01, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/631632456403

Churchill, G. A. (2002), Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations, Polish edition, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Cieślik, A. (2005a), “Location of Foreign Firms and National Border Effects: The Case of Poland”, Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 96(3), pp. 287–297.

Cieślik, A. (2005b), “Regional Characteristics and the Location of Foreign Firms within Poland”, Applied Economics, 37(8), pp. 863–874.

Cieślik, A. (2005c), Geografia inwestycji zagranicznych. Przyczyny i skutki lokalizacji spółek z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego w Polsce, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa.

Cieślik, A. (2017), “Determinants of MNE Activity in Poland: The Case of Firms from EU-15”, Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, vol. 5(1), pp. 151–167.

Cieślik, J. (2010), Internacjonalizacja polskich przedsiębiorstw, aktualne tendencje – implikacje dla polityki gospodarczej, Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, Centrum Przedsiębiorczości, Warszawa.

Cieślik, J. (2011a), Internacjonalizacja młodych innowacyjnych firm, Polska Agencja Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości, Warszawa.

Cieślik, J. (2011b), “Warto wspierać dynamiczne firmy”, Rzeczpospolita, 14 January 2011.

Cieślik, J. (2017), Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies: Enhancing its Contribution to Socio-Economic Development, Palgrave Macmillan, Springer International Publishing AG, Switzerland.

Ciżkowicz, P., Ciżkowicz-Pękala, M., Pękala, P., Rzońca, A. (2015), The Effects of Polish Special Economic Zones on Employment and Investment: Spatial Panel Modelling Perspective. Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA) Paper, No. 63176, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63176/ (accessed: 10.11.2017).

Clausing, K. A., Dorobantu, C. L. (2005), “Re-entering Europe: Does European Union Candidacy Boost Foreign Direct Investment?”, Economics of Transition, 13(1), pp. 77–103.

Cleeve, E. (2008), “How Effective are Fiscal Incentives to Attract FDI to Sub-Saharan Africa?”, The Journal of Developing Areas, 42(1), pp. 135–153.

Corden, W. M. (1997), Trade Policy and Welfare, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Criscuolo, C., Martin, R. (2009), “Multinationals and U.S. Productivity Leadership: Evidence from Great Britain”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(2), pp. 263–281.

Cuervo-Cazzura, A., Narula, R. (2015), “A Set of Motives to Unite Them All?: Revisiting the Principles and Typology of Internationalization Motives”, Multinational Business Review, 23(1), pp. 2–14.

Czinkota, M. R. (1982), Export Development Strategies: U. S. Promotion Policy, Praeger, New York.

Dana, L. P., Etemad, H., Wright, W. W. (1999), “Theoretical Foundations of International Entrepreneurship”, Research in Global Strategic Management, Research in Global Strategic Management, 7, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 3–22.

Danielak, W. (2014), “Współdziałanie przedsiębiorstw w regionie z perspektywy relacji międzyorganizacyjnych”, [in:] Ślusarz B., Wyrwa J. (eds.), Współczesne problemy rozwoju regionalnego, Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego w Zielonej Górze”, PTE, Zielona Góra, pp. 88–101.

Daszkiewicz, N., Wach, K. (2014), “Motives for Going International and Entry Modes of Family Firms in Poland”, Journal of Intercultural Management, 6(2), pp. 5–18.

Daude, C., Stein, E. (2007), “The Quality of Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment”, Economics & Politics, 19(3), pp. 317–344.

De Backer, B., Sleuwaegen, L. (2012), “Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out Domestic Entrepreneurship?,” Review of Industrial Organization, 22(1), pp. 67–84.

De Gregorio, J. (1992), “Economic Growth in Latin America”, Journal of Development Economics, 39, pp. 59–83.

De Mello, L. (1999), “Foreign Direct Investment – Led Growth: Evidence from Time Series and Panel Data”, Oxford Economic Papers, 51, pp. 133–151.

Deloitte (2010), Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index.

Demir, F., Duan, Y. (2018), “Bilateral FDI Flows, Productivity Growth, and Convergence: The North vs. The South”, World Development, 101(C), pp. 235–249.

Desai, M., Foley, F., Hines, J. jr. (2005), “Foreign Direct Investment and the Domestic Capital Stock”, NBER Working Paper, No. 11075, www.nber.org/papers/w11075 (accessed: 20.07.2017).

Doing Business in Poland (2015), World Bank Group, Washington DC.

Dorożyński T. (2018), Wspieranie zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich w Polsce przez system zachęt dla inwestorów, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2014), “Attracting FDI to the Region of Lodz by its Local Government”, Comparative Economic Research Central and Eastern Europe, vol. 17, No. 2/2014, pp. 101–118.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2015a), “The Location Premises of FDI In Poland. The Case of The Lodz Province”, Comparative Economic Research Central and Eastern Europe, vol. 18, No. 4/2015, pp. 157–178.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2015b), “Incentives for Attracting FDI. The Case of the Lodz Region”, Gospodarka Narodowa, Nr 275(1), pp. 147–169.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2017a), “The FDI Inflow to Special Economic Zones in Poland”, [in:] Grima, S., Bezzina, F., Romānova, I., Rupeika-Apoga, R. (eds.), Contemporary Issues Studies in Finance: Current Challenges from Across Europe (Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, Volume 98) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, United Kingdom, North America, Japan, India, Malaysia, China, pp. 135–159.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2017b), Determinants of Attractiveness of Special Economic Zones to Foreign Investors in Poland. Results of an Empirical Study, [in:] Proceedings, 9th International Scientific Conference “New Challenges of Economic and Business Development – 2017: Digital Economy”: Riga, Latvia, May 18–20, 2017, University of Latvia, ISBN 978-9934-18-242-6, pp. 153–165.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2017c), “FDI Inflow to Special Economic Zones in Poland. Regional Approach”, Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, vol. X, issue 27, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Management and Finance, Warszawa, pp. 87–103.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2018a), “Location Advantages of the Lodz Region: Where are we 5 years later?”, in: Proceedings, 10th International Scientific Conference “New Challenges of Economic and Business Development – 2018: Productivity and Economic Growth”: Riga, Latvia, May 10–12, 2018. Proceedings. Riga: University of Latvia, 2018, pp. 155–166.

Dorożyński, T., Świerkocki, J., Urbaniak, W. (2018b), “Determinants of Investment Attractiveness of Polish Special Economic Zones”, Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 6(4), pp. 161–180.

Doryń, W. (2011), Wpływ internacjonalizacji na wyniki ekonomiczne polskich przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

Drogendijk, R., Blomkvist, K. (2013), “Drivers and Motives for Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investments in Africa”, Journal of African Business, 14(2), pp. 75–84.

Du, J., Tao, Z. (2008), “Economic institutions and FDI location choice: Evidence from US multinationals in China”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(3), pp. 412–429.

Dunning, J. H. (1973), “The Determinants of International Production”, Oxford Economic Papers, 25(3), pp. 289–336.

Dunning, J. H. (1977), “Trade, Location of Economic Activity and the MNE: A Search for an Eclectic Approach”, [in:] Ohlin, B., Hesselborn, P. O., Wijkman, P. M. (eds.), The International Allocation of Economic Activity, Macmillan, London, pp. 395–418.

Dunning, J. H. (1979), “Explaining Changing Patterns of International Production: In Defence of the Eclectic Theory”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41, pp. 269–295.

Dunning, J. H. (1980), “Toward an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests”, Journal of Business International Studies, vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring – Summer, 1980), pp. 9–31.

Dunning, J. H. (1981), International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, George Allen and Unwin, London.

Dunning, J. H. (1983), “Market Power of the Firm and International Transfer of Technology”, International Journal of Industrial Organisation, 1, pp. 333–335.

Dunning, J. H. (1988), “The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement and Some Possible Extensions”, Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1), Spring, pp. 1–31.

Dunning, J. H. (2000), “The Eclectic Paradigm as an Envelope for Economic and Business Theories of MNE Activity”, International Business Review, 9, pp. 163–190.

Dunning, J. H. (2001), “The Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm of International Production Past, Present and Future”, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 8, pp. 173–190.

Dunning, J. H. (2002), Trade, Location of Economic Activity and the Multinational Enterprise: a Search for an Eclectic Approach, in: John H. Dunning (org.), Theories and Paradigms of International Business Activity – the Selected Essays of John H. Dunning, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, pp. 52–76.

Dunning, J. H. (2003), “The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Upgrading China’s Competitiveness”, Journal of International Business and Economy, 4(1), pp. 1–13.

Dunning, J. H. (2004), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Globalization-induced Changes and the Role of Policies”, [in:] Tungodden, B., Stern, N., Kolstad I. (eds.), Toward Pro-Poor Policies. Aid, Institutions and Globalization, World Bank, Washington, pp. 279–290.

Dunning, J. H. (2006), “Towards a New Paradigm of Development: Implications for the Determinants of International Business”, Trans Corp, 15(1), pp. 173–227.

Dunning, J. H., Lundan, S. M. (2008), “Theories of foreign direct investment”, [in:] Dunning, J. H., Lundan, S. M. (org.), Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, pp. 79–115.

Duttaray, M., Dutt, A. K., Mukhopadhyay, K. (2008), “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in less Developed Countries: An Empirical Study of Causality and Mechanisms”, Applied Economics, 40(15), pp. 1927–1939.

Działalność innowacyjna przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2014–2016, [Publication of Statistics Poland in Polish: Innovation in enterprises based in Poland] (2017), GUS, Warszawa.

Dzikowska, M., Gorynia, M., Jankowska, B. (eds.), (2016), Międzynarodowa konkurencyjność polskich przedsiębiorstw w okresie globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego i po jego wystąpieniu, DIFIN, Warszawa.

Economou, P., Sauvant, K. (2013), FDI, Home Country Measures and Competitive Neutrality, Ch.1, Yearbook On International Investment Law & Policy 2012–2013, Oxford University Press.

Erdal, F., Tatoglu, E. (2002), “Locational Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in an Emerging Market Economy: Evidence from Turkey”, Multinational Business Review, 10(1), pp. 1–7.

Ernst & Young (2011), Specjalne strefy ekonomiczne po 2020 roku. Analiza dotychczasowej działalności i perspektywy funkcjonowania [Special economic zones after 2020. Analysis of to date performance and perspectives; document in Polish].

Fabry, N., Zeghni, S. (2006), “How Former Communist Countries in Europe Attract Inward Foreign Direct Investment? A Matter of Institutions”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, No. 2, pp. 201–219.

Faeth, I. (2009), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment – a Tale of Nine Theoretical Models”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 23(1), pp. 165–196.

Feldstein, M. (1995), “The Effects of Outbound Foreign Direct Investment on the Domestic Capital Stock”, [in:] Feldstein, M., Jr. Hines, J. R., Hubbard, R. G. (eds.), The Effects of Taxation on Multinational Corporations, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 43–66.

Ferguson, G. A., Takane, Y. (2004), Statistical Analysis in Psychology and Education, translated into Polish by Zagrodzki M., Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Flejterski, S., Zioło, M. (2008), “Centralizacja i decentralizacja zadań publicznych w świetle wybranych rozwiązań europejskich. Próba oceny”, Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 3(33)/2008, pp. 76–94.

Floyd, D. (2003), “How Can a Flexible Labour Market Influence the Amount of foreign Direct Investment Attracted by a Host Nation? The Case of the UK”, European Business Review, vol. 15, issue 5, pp. 334–339, https://doi.org/10.1108/09555340310493054.

Foley, C. F., Manova, K. (2014), “International Trade, Multinational Activity, and Corporate Finance”, Annual Review of Economics, 7. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2512980 (accessed: April 2017).

Fonfara, K., Gorynia, M., Najlepszy, E., Schroeder, J. (2000), Strategie przedsiębiorstw w biznesie międzynarodowym, Akademia Ekonomiczna, Poznań.

Fonfara, K. (ed.), (2009), Zachowanie przedsiębiorstwa w procesie internacjonalizacji. Podejście sieciowe, PWE, Warszawa.

Ford, T., Rork, J., Elmslie, B. (2008), “Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, and the Human Capital Threshold: Evidence from US States”, Review of International Economics, 16(1), pp. 96–113.

Forsgren, M. (2002), “The Concept of Learning in the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model: a Critical Review”, International Business Review, 11(3), pp. 257–277.

Fortanier, F. (2007), “Foreign direct investment and host country economic growth: Does the investor’s country of origin play a role?”, Transnational Corporations, 16(2), pp. 41–76.

Francis, J., Zheng, C., Mukherji, A. (2009), “An Institutional Perspective on Foreign Direct Investment: A Multi-level Framework”, Management International Review, 49(5), pp. 565–583.

Franco, Ch., Rentocchini, F., Marzetti, G. V. (2010), “Why do Firms Invest Abroad? An Analysis of the Motives Underlying Foreign Direct Investments”, The ICFAI University Journal of International Business Law, 9(1–2), pp. 42–65.

Freund, C., Moran, T. H. (2017), “Multinational Investors as Export Superstars: How Emerging-Market Governments Can Reshape Comparative Advantage”, Peterson Institute for International Economics Working Paper, No. 17–1.

Fujita, M. (1989), Urban Economic Theory: Land Use and City Size, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Fujita, M., Krugman, P. R., Venables, A. J. (1999), The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts–London, England.

Gabrielczak, P., Serwach, T. (2014), “Produktywność a ekspansja międzynarodowa przedsiębiorstw. Przypadek województwa łódzkiego”, Ekonomia Międzynarodowa, 5/2014, pp. 7–28.

Ghauri, P. N., Oxelheim, L. (eds.), (2004), European Union and the Race for Foreign Direct Investment in Europe, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, Oxford, Paris, San Diego, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo.

Globerman, S. (2012), “Investing Abroad and Investing at Home: Complements or Substitutes?”, Multinational Business Review, 20(3), pp. 217–230.

Globerman, S., Shapiro, D. (2003), “Governance Infrastructure and US Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1), pp. 19–39.

Globerman, S., Shapiro, D. (2008), “Economic and Strategic Considerations Surrounding Chinese FDI in the United States”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26(1), pp. 163–183.

Gołębiowski, T., Witek-Hajduk, M. (2007), “Formy internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw”, Marketing i Rynek, nr 2, pp. 16–22.

Görg, H., Greenaway, D. (2004), “Much Ado About Nothing? Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment?”, World Bank Research Observer 19(2), Fall, pp. 171–197.

Gorynia, M. (2007), Strategie zagranicznej ekspansji przedsiębiorstw, PWE, Warszawa.

Gorynia, M. (2008), Klastry a międzynarodowa konkurencyjność i internacjonalizacja przedsiębiorstwa, Difin, Warszawa.

Gorynia, M. (2011), Trzeba wspierać wszystkie firmy. Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255723369_Trzeba_wspierac_wszystkie_firmy (original source: Rzeczpospolita, 25 March 2011, accessed: 18.08.2018).

Gorynia, M. (2012), O klasyfikacji nauk zajmujących się międzynarodową działalnością gospodarczą, [in:] Skulska, B., Domiter, M., Michalczyk, W. (eds.), Globalizacja i regionalizacja w gospodarce światowej: official anniverary book on the occasion of 45th anniversary of research work of Professor Jan Rymarczyk, published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, Wrocław.

Gorynia, M. (ed.), (2005), Strategie firm polskich wobec ekspansji inwestorów zagranicznych, PWE, Warszawa.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Trąpczyński, P., Wolniak, R. (2013a), Internationalization of Polish Firms via Foreign Direct Investment: A Multiple-Case Study Approach, [in:] Marinov, M. A., Marinova, S. T. (eds.), Successes and Challenges of Emerging Economy Multinationals (pp. 184–216), New York: Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Trąpczyński, P., Wolniak, R. (2013b), Overview and Evaluation of Policy Measures Supporting Outward FDI: The Case of Poland, [in:] Kaynak E., Karcar, T. (eds.), Flexibility, Innovation, and Adding Value as Drivers of Global Competitiveness: Private and Public Sector Challenges, IMDA Press, Hummelstown, pp. 108–115.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Trąpczyński, P., Wolniak, R. (2014), The Internationalization of Polish Firms: Evidence from a qualitative study of FDI behavior, [in:] Thi Thanh Thai, M., Turkina, E., Internationalization of Firms from Economies in Transition, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 39–68.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Trąpczyński, P., Wolniak, R. (2015a), “Does Outward FDI by Polish Multinationals Support Existing Theory? Findings from a Quantitative Study”, Economics and Business Review, 1(15), 4, pp. 84–101.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Trąpczyński, P., Wolniak, R. (2015b), “Outward FDI of Polish Firms: The Role of Motives, Entry Modes and Location Factors”, Journal for East European Management Studies, 20(3), pp. 328–359.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Wolniak, R. (2005), “Motives and Modes of FDI, Firm Characteristics and Performance: Case Studies of Foreign Subsidiaries in Poland”, Journal of Transnational Management, 10(3), pp. 55–87.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Wolniak, R. (2007), “Motives and Modes of FDI in Poland: an Exploratory Qualitative Study”, Journal for East European Management Studies, 2, pp. 132–151.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Wolniak, R. (2009), “Poland’s Investment Development Path: in search of a synthesis”, International Journal Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 153–173.

Gorynia, M., Nowak, J., Wolniak, R. (2010), “Investment Development Paths of Central European Countries: A Comparative Analysis”, Argumenta Oeconomica, No. 1, pp. 65–87.

Gorynia, M., Trąpczyński, P. (2014), “Determinanty efektywności zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich”, Ekonomista, 5, pp. 663–684.

Gorynia, M., Trąpczyński, P., Nowak, J., Wolniak, R. (2015a), “Does Outward FDI by Polish Multinationals Support Existing Theory? Findings from a Quantitative Study”, Economics and Business Review, 1(15), 4, pp. 84–101.

Gorynia, M., Trąpczyński, P., Nowak, J., Wolniak, R. (2015b), “Outward FDI of Polish Firms: The Role of Motives, Entry Modes and Location Factors”, Journal for East European Management Studies, 20(3), pp. 328–359.

Götz, M. (2013), Polskie inwestycje za granicą – pomoc państwa?, Biuletyn Instytutu Zachodniego, Nr 134/2013, Instytut Zachodni im. Zygmunta Wojciechowskiego, Poznań.

Götz, M. (2016), “FDI Policies in Europe in the Aftermath of the 2008+ Crisis”, Economics and Business Review, 2(16), 1, pp. 15–33.

Grilli, V., Milesi-Ferretti, G. (1995), “Economic Effects and Structural Determinants of Capital Controls”, International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, 42, pp. 517–551.

Guagliano, C., Riela, S. (2005), Do Special Economic Areas Matter in Attracting FDI? Evidence from Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic, Working Paper ISLA 21, Milano.

Guilford, J. P. (1965), Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, ed. 4, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Guimarães, P., Figueiredo, O., Woodward, D. (2000), “Agglomeration and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment in Portugal”, Journal of Urban Economics, 47(1), pp. 115–135.

Gunaydin, I., Tatoglu, E. (2005), “Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Evidence form Turkey”, The Multinational Business Review, 13(2), pp. 89–106.

Haddad, M., Harrison, A. (1993), “Are There Positive Spillovers from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Panel Data for Morocco”, Journal of Development Economics, 42, pp. 51–74.

Hadryś, A. (2011), Czynniki determinujące formy ekspansji zagranicznej przedsiębiorstw rodzinnych (Ph.D dissertation), Katedra Handlu Międzynarodowego, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Poznań.

Hansen, H., Rand, J. (2006), “On the Casual Links between FDI and Growth in Developing Countries”, World Economy, 29(1), pp. 2–41.

Hanson, G. (2001), Should Countries Promote Foreign Direct Investment?, G-24 Discussion Paper, no 9, New York: United Nations.

Harding, T., Javorcik, B. S. (2011), “Roll out the Red Carpet and They Will Come: Investment Promotion and FDI Inflows”, The Economic Journal, 121, December, pp. 1445–1476.

Harrison, A., Rodríguez-Clare, A. (2010), “Trade, Foreign Investment, and Industrial Policy for Developing Countries”, Handbook of Development Economics, 2010, 5, pp. 4039–4214.

Head, K., Ries, J. (1996), “Inter-city Competition for Foreign Investment: Static and Dynamic Effects of China’s Incentive Areas”, Journal of Urban Economics, 40(1), pp. 38–60.

Hebous, S., Ruf, M., Weichenrieder, A. J. (2010), The Effects of Taxation on the Location Decision of Multinational Firms: M&A vs. Greenfield Investments, CESifo Working Paper Series, No. 3076, Munich.

Helpman, E. (1984), “A Simple Theory of International Trade with Multinational Corporations”, The Journal of Political Economy, 92(3), pp. 451–471.

Helpman, E., Melitz, M. J., Yeaple, S. R. (2004), “Export Versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms”, American Economic Review, 94(1), March, pp. 300–316.

Hermes, N., Lensink, R. (2003), “Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development and Economic Growth”, Journal of Development Studies, 40(1), pp. 142–163.

Hill, C. (2007), “Foreign Direct Investment”, [in:] Charles Hill (org.), International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, MacGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 236–261.

Hollensen, S. (2011), Global Marketing a Decision Oriented Approach, 5th edition, London England: Pearson.

Hymer, S. (1960), The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT Press, Cambridge.

Isard, W. (1956), Location and Space-Economy, A General Theory Relating to Industrial Location, MarketAreas, Land Use, Trade, and Urban Structure, The Technology Press of M. I. T. and John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York.

James, S. (2009a), Incentives and Investments: Evidence and Policy Implications, ICAS of the World Bank Group.

James, S. (2009b), Tax and Non-Tax Incentives and Investments: Evidence and Policy Implications, Foreign Investment Advisory Service, World Bank, Washington, DC.

James, S. (2010), “Providing Incentives for Investment Advice for Policymakers in Developing Countries”, Investment Climate in Practice: Investment Policy and Promotion, No. 7, Jan. 2010, pp. 1–8.

James, S. (2013), Tax and Non-Tax Incentives and Investments: Evidence and Policy Implications, World Bank Investment Climate Advisory Services, September 2013.

James, S., Van Parys, S. (2009), Why tax incentives may be an ineffective tool to encouraging investment? The role of the investment climate, Mimeo World Bank, December 2009.

James, S., Van Parys, S. (2010), “The Effectiveness of Tax Incentives in Attracting Investment: Panel Data Evidence from the CFA Franc Zone”, International Tax and Public Finance, 17(4), pp. 400–429.

Janicki, H., Wunnava, P. (2004), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from EU Accession Candidates”, Applied Economics, 36, pp. 505–509.

Jarosiński, M. (2013), Procesy i modele internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw, Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Handlowej, Warszawa.

Javorcik, B. (2004), “Does Foreign Direct Investment Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms? In Search of Spillovers through Backwards Linkages”, American Economic Review, 94, pp. 605–627.

Javorcik, B., Spatareanu, M. (2008), “To Share or Not to Share: Does Local Participation Matter for Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment?”, Journal of Development Economics, 85(1–2), pp. 194–217.

Jaworek, M. (2013), Ocena ekonomicznej efektywności bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w praktyce polskich przedsiębiorstw, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Toruń.

Jaworek, M., Kuczmarska, M. (2016), “Kreowanie klimatu inwestycyjnego na rzecz przyciągania inwestorów zagranicznych przez jednostki samorządu terytorialnego województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego”, Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia, No. 1/2016 (79), s. 665–677, DOI: 10.18276/frfu.2016.79-53.

Jaworek, M., Szałucka, M. (2010), “Sposoby wejścia polskich inwestorów na rynki zagraniczne”, [in:] Zarzecki, D. (ed.), Zarządzanie finansami. Inwestycje i wycena przedsiębiorstw, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, No. 586, Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia, No. 25, pp. 179–192.

Jensen, N. (2008), Political Risk, Democratic Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment. The Journal of Politics, 70(04), pp. 1040–1052.

Jensen, C., Winiarczyk, M. (2014), Special Economic Zones – 20 Years Later. CASE Research Paper, No. 467, Warsaw.

Jimenez, A., Fuente, J. M., Duran, J. (2011), “Is There an East-West Structure in the Location of FDI in Europe? The Role of Institutions and Political Risk”, Research in Economics and Business: Central and Eastern Europe, 3(1), pp. 5–24.

Johanson, J., Mattsson, L.-G. (1988), Internationalization in Industrial Systems – A Network Approach, [in:] Buckley, P. J., Ghauri, P. N. (eds.), The Internationalization of the Firm: A Reader, 303-21, Academic Press, London.

Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E. (1977), “The Internationalization Process of the Firm – A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments”, Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), pp. 23–32.

Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E. (2009), “The Uppsala Internationalization Process Model Revisited: From Liability of Foreignness to Liability of Outsidership”, Journal of International Business Studies, 2009, vol. 40, issue 9, pp. 1411–1431.

Johanson, J., Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975), “The Internationalization of the Firm—Four Swedish Cases 1”, Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), pp. 305–323.

Johnson, L., Toledano, P. (lead authors), van den Berghe, D., Coleman, N., Cordes, K., James, S., Jedlicka, H., Krakoff, C., Mandelbaum, J., Nimac, I. A., van der Schoor, L., Strauss, I., Tavares-Lehmann, A. T., Thomas, K. (2013), Background paper for the Eighth Columbia International Investment Conference on Investment Incentives: The good, the bad and the ugly. Assesing the costs, benefits and options for policy reform. Vale Columbia Center on Suistanable International Investment, Columbia University, USA.

Jones, J. (2017), Agglomeration Economies and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment: A Meta-Analysis, Journal of Regional Science, vol. 57, issue 5, November 2017, pp. 731–757, https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12335

Karasiewicz, G. (2013), Marketingowe strategie internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw, Podejście holistyczne, Wolters Kluwer Polska, Warszawa.

Karaszewski, W. (ed.) (2008), Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne polskich przedsiębiorstw (skala, struktura, motywy i uwarunkowania, znaczenie dla konkurencyjności), Wydawnictwo TNOiK “Dom Organizatora”, Toruń.

Karaszewski, W. (ed.) (2013), Aktywność inwestycyjna polskich przedsiębiorstw za granicą. Czynniki i skutki, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Karaszewski, W. (ed.) (2016), Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w wybranych województwach Polski – analiza porównawcza, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń.

Karaszewski, W., Jaworek, M. (2016), “Bezpośrednie Inwestycje Zagraniczne w Procesie Internacjonalizacji Polskich Przedsiębiorstw”, Przegląd Organizacji, 7/2016, pp. 13–20.

Karaszewski, W., Jaworek, M., Kuzel, M., Szałucka, M., Szóstek, A. (2014), Foreign Direct Investment by Polish Companies, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń.

Karaszewski, W., Jaworek, M., Kuzel, M., Szałucka, M., Szóstek, A., Kuczmarska, M. (2013), Aktywność inwestycyjna polskich przedsiębiorstw za granicą – czynniki i skutki. Raport z badania, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania.

Kasibhatla, K., Stewart, D., Khojasteh, M. (2008), “The Role of FDI in High Medium, Low Medium and Low Income Countries during 1970–2005: Empirical Tests and Evidence”, Journal of Business & Economics Studies, 14(2), pp. 60–72.

Kaya, H. (2014), “Strategic Motives of Turkish Foreign Direct Investment Firms: An Empirical Study on Manufacturing Sector”, Journal of the School of Business Administration, Istanbul University, 43(2), pp. 368–390.

Keller, W., Yeaple, S. R. (2009), “Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4), pp. 821–831.

Kemp, M. C. (1962), “Foreign Investment and The National Advantage”, The Economic Record, 38(1), pp. 52–62.

Kindleberger, C. (1969), American Business Abroad, Yale: University Press, New Haven, CT.

Kindler, J., Iwanicki, J., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Matczak, P., Miłaszewski, R., Żelazo, J. (2014), Nauka 1/2014, pp. 173–195.

Klemm, A., Van Parys, S. (2012), “Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Tax Incentives”, International Tax and Public Finance, 19(3), pp. 393–423.

Kłysik-Uryszek, A. (2010), Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w gospodarce regionu. Teoria i praktyka, Warszawa, CeDeWu.pl.

Kłysik-Uryszek, A., Kuna-Marszałek, A. (2015), “Geographical Breakdown of Polish OFDI – Explanatory Potential of Uppsala Model”, Journal of International Studies, 8(1), pp. 150–163.

Knickerbocker, F. T. (1973), Oligopolistic Reaction and Multinational Enterprise, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Knoerich, J. (2017), “How Does Outward Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Economic Development in Less Advanced Home Countries?”, Oxford Development Studies, 45(4), 443–459, DOI: 10.1080/13600818.2017.1283009.

Kohpaiboon, A. (2003), “Foreign Trade Regimes and the FDI – Growth Nexus: a Case Study of Thailand”, Journal of Development Studies, 40(2), pp. 55–69.

Kojima, K. (1973), “A Macroeconomic Approach to Foreign Direct Investment”, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 14(1), pp. 1–21.

Kokko, K. (2006), The Home Country Effects of FDI in Developed Economies, Working Paper, No. 225, European Institute of Japanese Studies, Stockholm School of Economics, https://swopec.hhs.se/eijswp/papers/eijswp0225.pdf (accessed: December 2016).

Kola, M., Kuzel, M. (2007), Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne polskich przedsiębiorstw na gruncie teorii ścieżki inwestycyjno-rozwojowej, [in:] Karaszewski, W. (ed.), Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w budowaniu potencjału konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw i regionów, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, pp. 171–202.

Kosiedowski, W. (ed.) (2005), Samorząd terytorialny w procesie rozwoju regionalnego i lokalnego, Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa „Dom Organizatora”, Toruń.

Kostevc, C., Redek, T., Susjan, A. (2007), “Foreign Direct Investment and Institutional Environment in Transition Economies”, Transition Studies Review, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 40–54.

KPMG (2014), 20 Years of Special Economic Zones in Poland.

Krifa-Schneider, H., Matei, I. (2010), “Business Climate, Political Risk and FDI in Developing Countries: Evidence from Panel Data”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2, pp. 54–65.

Krugman, P. R. (1979), “Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade”, Journal of International Economics, 9(4), pp. 469–479.

Krugman, P. R. (1997), Geography and Trade, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Krugman, P. R. (1998), Development, Geography and Economic Theory, The MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.

Krysicki, W., Bartos, J., Dyczka, W., Królikowska, K., Wasilewski, M. (2006), Rachunek prawdopodobieństwa i statystyka matematyczna w zadaniach, część 2. Statystyka matematyczna, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Kuciński, K. (1997), Geografia ekonomiczna. Zarys teoretyczny, Szkoła Główna Handlowa, Warszawa.

Kudina, A., Jakubiak, M. (2008a), Conditions for Positive Spillovers for FDI: A Case of Georgia, The Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova and Ukraine, OECD Investment Policy Perspectives, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Kudina, A., Jakubiak, M. (2008b), The Motives and Impediments to FDI in the CIS 2008, OECD Global Forum on International Investment, 27–28 March.

Kurtishi-Kastrati, S. (2013), “The Effects of Foreign Direct Investments for Host Country’s Economy”, European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, issue 1, pp. 26–38.

Larsson, Ch., Venkatesh, S. (2010), “The Importance of Government Incentives Relative to Economic Fundamentals: The Case of Software Industry in Thailand”, Asian Economic Bulletin, 27(3), p. 312.

Lautier, M., Moreau, F. (2012), “Domestic Investment and FDI in Developing Countries: The Missing Link”, Journal of Economic Development, 37(3), pp. 1–23.

Leahy, D., Montagna, C. (2000a), “Temporary Social Dumping, Union Legislation and FDI: A Note on the Strategic Use of Standards”, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, vol. 9, pp. 243–259.

Leahy, D., Montagna, C. (2000b), “Unionisation and Foreign Direct Investment: Challenging Conventional Wisdom?”, Economic Journal, 110, pp. C80–C92.

Lee, H.-Y., Lin, K. S., Tsui H.-C. (2009), Home Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment: From a Small Economy to a Large Economy, Economic Modelling, vol. 26(5), pp. 1121–1128.

Lee, M., Park, D. (2013), “Intellectual Property Rights, Quality of Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment into Developing Asia”, ADB Economics Working Paper Series, 354, pp. 1–16.

Lee, M., Tcha, M. (2004), “The Color of Money: the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Transition Economies”, Review of World Economies, 140(2), pp. 211–229.

Lefeber, L. (1958), General Equilibrium Analysis of Production, Transportation, and the Choice of Industrial Location, Papers and Proceeding of the Regional Science Association, No. 4, pp. 77–85.

Lensink, R., Morrissey, O. (2006), “Foreign Direct Investment: Flows, Volatility and the Impact on Growth”, Review of International Economics, 14(3), pp. 478–493.

Lim, E. (2001), Determinants of, and the Relation between, Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: a Summary of the Recent Literature, International Monetary Fund Working Paper, Middle Eastern Department.

Linghui, T. (2012), “The Direction of Cultural Distance on FDI: Attractiveness or Incongruity?”, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, vol. 19, issue 2, pp. 233–256, https://doi.org/10.1108/13527601211219919

Lipsey, M. W. (1992), “Juvenile Delinquency Treatment: A Meta-analysis Inquiry into the Variability of Effects”, [in:] Cook, T. D., Cooper, H., Cordray, D. S., Hartmann, H., Hedges, L. V., Light, R. J., Louis, T. A., Mosteller, F. (eds.), Metaanalysis for Explanation. A Casebook, Russell Sage, New York, pp. 83–127.

Lipsey, R. E. (2002), Home and Host Country Effects of FDI, NBER Working Paper, No. 9293, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Lipsey, R. E. (2004), “Home- and Host-Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment”, [in:] R. E. Baldwin, L. A. Winters (eds.), Challenges to Globalization, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 333–379.

Lipsey, R. E., Sjöholm, F. (2005), “The Impact of Inward FDI on Host Countries: Why Such Different Answers”, [in:] Moran, T. H., Graham, E. M., Blomström, M. (eds.), Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?, Institute for International Economics, Washington, pp. 23–43.

Lissowski, G., Haman, J., Jasiński, M. (2008), Podstawy statystyki dla socjologów, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa.

Liu, X., Song, H., Wei, Y., Romilly, P. (1997), Country characteristics and foreign direct investment in China: A panel data analysis, Review of World Economics, vol. 133, issue 2, pp. 313–329.

Loungani, P., Razin, A. (2001), “How Beneficial is Foreign Direct Investment for Developing Countries?”, Finance and Development, 38(2), http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/06/loungani.htm (accessed: April 2017).

Lucas, R. E. (1990), “Why Doesn’t Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries?”, The American Economic Review, 80(2), Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Second Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, pp. 92–96.

Lundan, S. M. (2010), “What Are Ownership Advantages?”, Multinational Business Review, 18(2), pp. 51–70.

Mac-Dermott, R., Mornah, D. (2015), “The Role of Culture in Foreign Direct Investment and Trade: Expectations from the GLOBE Dimensions of Culture”, Open Journal of Business and Management, 3, pp. 63–74.

MacDougall, G. D. A. (1960), “The Benefits and Costs of Private Investment From Abroad: a Theoretical Approach”, Economic Record, vol. 36(73), pp. 13–35.

Maier, G., Tödtling, F. (1987), “International Division of Labour and Industrial Change in Austrian Regions”, [in:] Muegge, H., Stöhr, W. B. (eds.), International Economic Restructuring and the Regional Community, International Institute for Urban and Regional Studies, UNIDO, Avebury, Aldershot, UK–Brookfield, VT, USA, pp. 218–250.

Majewska, M. (2006), Determinanty napływu zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich w świetle konkurencyjności gospodarki Polski, [in:] Kopycińska, D. (ed.), Problemy wzrostu gospodarczego we współczesnych gospodarkach, published by: Printgroup, Szczecin, (Chapter 10, pp. 103–113).

Marinov, M., Marinova, S. (eds.) (2012), Impacts of Emerging Economies and Firms on International Business, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.

Marinova, S., Child, J., Marinov, M. (2012), Institutional Field for Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Theoretical Extension? Advance in International Management, Institutional Theory in International Business and Management, 25, pp. 233–261.

Markusen, J. R. (1984), “Multinationals, Multi-Plant Economies and the Gain from Trade”, Journal of International Economics, 16, pp. 205–216.

Markusen, J. R. (1995), “The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory of International Trade”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(2), pp. 169–189.

Markusen, J. R. (1997), “Trade versus Investment Liberalisation”, NBER Working Paper, No. 6231.

Markusen, J. R. (2002), Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Markusen, J., Venables, A. (1999), “Foreign Direct Investment as a Catalyst for Industrial Development”, European Economic Review, 43(2), pp. 335–356.

Markusen, J., Venables, A. (2000), “The Theory of Endowment, Intra-industry and Multi-national Trade”, Journal of International Economics, 52(2), pp. 209–234.

Marshall, A. (1925), Zasady ekonomiki, Wyd. M. Arcta, Warszawa.

Melitz, M. J. (2003), “The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity”, Econometrica, 71(6), pp. 1695–1725.

Mencinger, J. (2003), “Does Foreign Direct Investment Always Enhance Economic Growth?”, Kilkos, 56(4), pp. 491–508.

Mengistu, B., Adams, S. (2007), “Foreign Direct Investment, Governance and Economic Development in Developing Countries”, The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 32(2), pp. 223–249.

Meyer, K. E., Nguyen, H. V. (2005), “Foreign investment strategies and subnational institutions in emerging markets: Evidence from Vietnam”, Journal of Management Studies, 42(1), pp. 63–93.

Mhlanga, N., Blalock, G., Christy, R. (2010), “Understanding Foreign Direct Investment in the Southern African Development Community: An Analysis Based on Project-level Data”, Agricultural Economics, 41(3–4), pp. 337–347.

Misala, J. (2005), Wymiana międzynarodowa i gospodarka światowa. Teoria i mechanizmy funkcjonowania, SGH, Warszawa.

Miszczuk, A. (2014), “Dystans instytucjonalny jako uwarunkowanie rozwoju regionów przygranicznych”, Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 348, pp. 230–238.

Mody, A., Wang, F. (1997), “Explaining Industrial Growth in Coastal China: Economic Reforms and What Else?”, World Bank Economic Review, 11, pp. 293–325.

Moran, T. H. (1999), Foreign Direct Investment and Development: A Reassessment of the Evidence and Policy Implications in OECD, Foreign Direct Investment, Development and Corporate Responsibility, OECD, Paris.

Moran, T. H. (2005), How Does FDI Affect Host Country Development? Using Industry Case Studies to Make Reliable Generalizations, [in:] Moran, T., Graham, E., Blomström, M. (eds.), Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development?, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC., pp. 281–313.

Moran, T. H. (2007), How to Investigate the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Development and Use the Results to Guide Policy, [in:] Collins, S. (ed.), Brookings Trade Forum 2007: Foreign Direct Investment, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Morisset, J., Pirnia, N. (2000), How Tax Policy and Tax Incentives Affect Foreign Direct Investment: A Review, Policy Research Working Paper 2509, World Bank and International Finance Corporation, Foreign Investment Advisory Service, Washington, D.C.

Morisset, J., Pirnia, N. (2002), The Impact of Tax Policy and Incentives on FDI, [in:] Bora, G. (ed.), Foreign Direct Investment: Research Issues, Routledge, London.

Mottaleb, K. (2007), Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on Economic Growth in Developing Countries, MPRA Paper, No. 9457, Munich.

Moura, R., Forte, R. (2010), The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the Host Country Economic Growth – Theory and Empirical Evidence, FEP Working Papers, Universidade do Porto, nr 390, pp. 1–32.

Nair-Reichert, U., Weinhold, D. (2001), “Causality Tests for Cross-Country Panels: A New Look at FDI and Economic Growth in Developing Countries”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 63(2), pp. 153–171.

Navaretti, B., Castellani, D. (2004), Investments Abroad and Performance at Home: Evidence from Italian Multinationals, CEPR Discussion Papers 4284, London.

Navaretti, G. B., Venables, A. J. (eds.), (2004), Multinational Firms in the World Economy, Princeton University Press.

Nawojczyk, M. (2002), Przewodnik po statystyce dla socjologów, SPSS Polska, Kraków.

Nene, M., Pasholli, A. (2011), “Financial Incentives and Their Impact for Attracting FDI: Survey with Foreign Investitures in Albania”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, issue 7, pp. 1–14.

Nielsen, B. B., Asmussen, C. G., Weatherall, C. (2017), “The Location Choice of Foreign Direct Investments: Empirical Evidence and Methodological Challenges”, Journal of World Business, 52(1), pp. 62–82, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2016.10.006.

Norell Bergendahl, A. (2015), Cultural Distance and Foreign Direct Investment: Does it Matter for Swedish Firms?, Available online at: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:817789/FULLTEXT01.pdf (accessed: May 2018).

Nowakowski, M. K. (ed.), (2005), Biznes międzynarodowy. Od internacjonalizacji do globalizacji, Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warszawa.

Obłój, K. (2014), Strategia organizacji. W poszukiwaniu trwałej przewagi konkurencyjnej, PWE, Warszawa.

Obłój, K., Wąsowska, A. (2010), Uwarunkowania strategii umiędzynarodowienia polskich firm giełdowych, WWSZiP, Warszawa.

Obłój, K., Wąsowska, A. (2012), “Strategiczne wybory polskich firm – motywy i kierunki budowania powiązań zewnętrznych drogą kapitałowego umiędzynarodowienia działalności”, [in:] Morawski, W. (ed.), Powiązania zewnętrzne. Modernizacja Polski, Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa, pp. 102–120.

OECD (1999), Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment, third edition, OECD, Paris.

OECD (2002), Foreign Direct Investment for Development: Maximising Benefits, Minimising Costs, Paris.

OECD (2003), Checklist for Foreign Direct Investment Incentive Policies, Paris.

OECD (2008), Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment.

OECD (2018), FDI flows (indicator), doi: 10.1787/99f6e393-en (accessed: 10.08.2018).

Oman, C. (2000), Policy Competition for Foreign Direct Investment: A Study of Competition among Governments to Attract FDI, Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Orłowski, W. (2010), W pogoni za straconym czasem. Wzrost gospodarczy w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej 1950–2030, Warszawa, PWE.

Overesch, M., Wamser, G. (2008), The Impact of Thin-Capitalization Rules on Multinationals’ Financing and Investment Decisions, Working Papers from University of Kentucky, Institute for Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations, Lexington, Kentucky (United States).

Oviatt, B. M., McDougall, P. P. (1994), “Toward a Theory of International New Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), pp. 45–64.

Oviatt, B. M., McDougall, P. P. (2005), “Defining International Entrepreneurship and Modelling the Speed of Internationalization”, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 29(5), pp. 537–553.

Owczarczuk, M. (2013), “Government Incentives and FDI Inflow Into R&D – The Case of Visegrad Countries”, Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 1(2), pp. 73–86.

Ozturk, I. (2007), “Foreign Direct Investment – Growth Nexus: A Review of the Recent Literature”, International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 4(2), pp. 79–98.

Pastusiak, R., Jasiniak, M., Keller, J., Krzeczewski, B. (2016), Wpływ specjalnych stref ekonomicznych na gospodarkę i społeczeństwo. Doświadczenia Polski, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

Peng, M. (2009), “Institutions, Cultures and Ethics”, [in:] Peng, M. (ed.), Global Strategic Management, South-Western Cengage Learning, Cincinnati, pp. 90–122.

Peng, M. W., Meyer, K. E. (2011), International Business, Cengage Learning, London.

Pessoa, A. (2007), FDI and Host Country Productivity: A Review, FEP Working Papers No. 251, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Porto, Porto.

Pierścionek, Z. (2011), Zarządzanie strategiczne w przedsiębiorstwie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Pietrzyk, I. (2002), Polityka regionalna Unii Europejskiej i regiony w państwach członkowskich, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Pietrzyk, I. (2004), “Globalizacja, integracja europejska a rozwój regionalny”, [in:] Jewtuchowicz, A. (ed.), Wiedza, innowacyjność, przedsiębiorczość a rozwój regionów, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, pp. 9–22.

Pisapia, A. (2014), “The Role of EU State Aid Policy in Enhancing the Development of the Industrial Sector”, Privredna kretanja i ekonomska politika, 2(135), pp. 45–64.

Politaj, A. (2014), Wpływ pomocy publicznej na sytuację na rynku pracy w krajach Unii Europejskiej, Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, No. 364, pp. 204–214.

Popowska, B. (1993), “Ewolucja prawa o inwestycjach”, Ruch Prawniczy Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 1, pp. 73–84.

Postuła, I., Werner, A. (2006), Pomoc publiczna, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze LexisNexis, Warszawa.

Pournarakis, M., Varsakelis, N. (2002), Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern European Countries: Do Institutions Matter?, EIBA Annual Conference, Athens, Greece.

Produkt Krajowy Brutto. Rachunki Regionalne w 2015 r., (2017), GUS, Katowice.

Przybylska, K. (2013), Born Global nowa generacja małych przedsiębiorstw, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, Kraków.

Puchalska, K. (2015), “Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne jako czynnik modernizacji polskiej gospodarki”, Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy, No. 41(1/2015), pp. 400–411.

Ram, R., Zhang, K. (2002), “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-country Data for the 1990s”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 51(1), pp. 205–215.

Raport o pomocy de minimis w Polsce udzielonej przedsiębiorcom w 2015 r. (2016), UOKiK, Warszawa.

Raporty o pomocy publicznej udzielonej przedsiębiorcom w latach 2008–2015, Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów, Warszawa.

Reid, S. (1983), “Firm Internationalization, Transaction Costs and Strategic Choice”, International Marketing Review, 1(2), pp. 44–56.

Restart, European Attractiveness Survey (2011), Ernst & Young.

Root, F. R. (1987), Entry Strategies for International Markets, Lexington Books, University of California, Oakland.

Root, F. R., Ahmed, A. A. (1978), “The Influence of Policy Instruments on Manufacturing Direct Foreign Investment in Developing Countries”, Journal of International Business Studies, 9(3), pp. 81–93.

Roy, A., Van der Berg, H. (2006), “Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: A Time-series Approach”, Global Economy Journal, 6(1), pp. 1–19.

Rószkiewicz, M. (2002), Metody ilościowe w badaniach marketingowych, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Różański, J. (2010), Przedsiębiorstwa zagraniczne w Polsce. Rozwój. Finansowanie. Ocena, Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa.

Rymarczyk, J. (2004), Internacjonalizacja i globalizacja przedsiębiorstwa, PWE, Warszawa.

Rymarczyk, J. (2006), Międzynarodowe stosunki gospodarcze, PWE, Warszawa.

Saggi, K. (2002), “On Technology Transfer from Trade and Foreign Direct Investment”, World Bank Research Observer, 17, pp. 191–236.

Sanna-Randaccio, M. (2002), “The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Home and Host Countries with Endogenous R&D”, Review of International Economics, 10(2), pp. 278–298.

Sauvant, K. P. (2008), “The FDI Recession has Begun”, Columbia FDI Perspectives, No. 1.

Sauvant, K. P., Economou, P., Gal, K., Lim, S., Wiliński, W. P. (2014), Trends in FDI, Home Country Measures and Competitive Neutrality, [in:] A. K. Bjorklund (ed.), Yearbook on International Investment Law and Policy 2012–2013, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 5–117.

Schneider, F., Frey, B. S. (1985), “Economic and Political Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment”, World Development, 13(2), pp. 161–175.

Schroeder, J. (2007), Badania marketingowe rynków zagranicznych, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Poznań.

Sen, H. (1998), “Different Arguments for and against the Role and Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Development Potentials of Developing Countries: An Overview”, Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 13(1), pp. 181–190.

Sharma, D. D., Blomstermo, A. (2003), “The Internationalization Process of Born Globals: A Network View”, International Business Review, 12(6), pp. 739–753.

Shih-Ming, Chen, Glaister, K. W. (2006), “Taiwanese Joint Ventures in China”, Journal of Global Marketing, 19(2), pp. 49–75.

Skoczny, T. (2004a), Zakaz antykonkurencyjnej pomocy państwa, [in:] Barcz, J. (ed.), Prawo Unii Europejskiej, Warszawa.

Skoczny, T. (2004b), Stosowanie wspólnotowych reguł konkurencji – także w Polsce – po 1 maja 2004 r., Kwartalnik Prawa Publicznego, No. 2, pp. 151–182.

Słomińska, B. (2007), “Wspieranie rozwoju inwestycji zagranicznych przez samorządy terytorialne a rozwój rynków lokalnych”, [in:] Kłosiewicz-Górecka, U. (ed.), Zagraniczne inwestycje w handlu na rynkach lokalnych, PWE, Warszawa, pp. 33–52.

Sobczyk, M. (2005), Statystyka, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Starosta, P. (ed.), (2012), Zróżnicowanie zasobów kapitału ludzkiego i społecznego w regionie łódzkim, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

Starzyńska, D. (2012), Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne a konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych w Polsce, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

Stawicka, M. (2007), Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna Polski, CeDeWu.pl, Warszawa.

Stawicka, M. (2008), “Zastosowanie metod scenariuszowych w przedsiębiorstwach w warunkach kryzysu”, [in:] Herman, A., Poznańska, K. (eds.), Przedsiębiorstwo wobec wyzwań globalnych, t. 1, Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warszawa.

Stawicka, M. (2015), “Wspieranie bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych przez zachęty inwestycyjne w wybranych krajach europejskich”, Studia Ekonomiczne. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach, No. 214, pp. 253–263.

Strange, R., Filatotchev, I., Lien, Y.-C., Piesse, J. (2009), “Insider Control and the FDI Location Decision. Evidence from Firms Investing in an Emerging Market”, Management International Review, 49(4), pp. 433–454.

Sunesen, E., Jespersen, S., Thelle, M. (2010), Impacts of EU Outward FDI. Final Report, Economics, Copenhagen.

Surdej, A. (2011), Nowoczesne państwo a gospodarka rynkowa, Instytut Obywatelski, Warszawa.

Svensson, R. (1993), Production in Foreign Affiliates, Effects on Home Country Exports and Modes of Entry, Industries Utredningsinstitut, Stockholm.

Świerkocki, J. (2011), Zarys ekonomii międzynarodowej, Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa.

Świerkocki, J. (2015), “Elementy polityki wobec polskich inwestycji bezpośrednich”, Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne, vol. XCV, pp. 345–368.

Świerkocki, J. (ed.), (2011), Foreign Direct Investment. The Case of Lodz Region, Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Łódź.

Tokunaga, M., Iwasaki, I. (2017), “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies: A Meta-analysis”, The World Economy, 40(12), pp. 2771–2831.

Tang, L. (2012), “The Direction of Cultural Distance on FDI: Attractiveness or Incongruity?”, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(2), pp. 233–256.

Tavares-Lehmann, T. A., Toledano, P., Johnson, L., Sachs, L. (eds.), (2016), Rethinking Investment Incentives. Trends and Policy Options, Columbia University Press, New York.

Temouri, Y., Driffield, N., Higón, D. A. (2008), “Analysis of Productivity Differences among Foreign and Domestic Firms: Evidence from Germany”, Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), 144(1), pp. 32–54.

Thomas, P. K. (2007), Investment Incentives: Growing Use, Uncertain Benefits, Uneven Controls, Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Geneva, Switzerland.

Trąpczyński, P. (2013), “Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Performance – A Critical Literature Review”, Oeconomia Copernicana, 2, pp. 117–132.

Trąpczyński, P. (2014), Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Performance in the Internationalization of Polish Companies, Ph.D. dissertation, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Poznań.

Tuomi, K. (2012), “Review of Investment Incentives. Best Practice in Attracting Investment”, Working Paper No F-41003-ZMB-1, International Growth Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, pp. 1–24.

UNCTAD (1996), Incentives and Foreign Direct Investment, Current Studies, Series A, No. 30, New York.

UNCTAD Statistics, http://unctadstat.unctad.org (accessed: September 2018).

Van Parys, S. (2012), The effectiveness of tax incentives in attracting investment: evidence from developing countries, Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, 2012/3 (Tome LI), pp. 129–141.

Varamini, H., Vu, A. (2007), “Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam and its Impact on Economic Growth”, International Journal of Business Research, 7(6), pp. 132–139.

Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2), pp. 190–207.

Vernon, R. (1979), “The Product Cycle Hypothesis in a New International Environment”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41(4), pp. 255–267.

Vissak, T., Roolaht, T. (2005), “The Negative Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Estonian Economy”, Problems of Economic Transition, 48(2), pp. 43–66.

Vu, T. (2008), Foreign Direct Investment and Endogenous Growth in Vietnam, Applied Economics, 40(9), pp. 1165–1173.

Wach, K. (2012), Europeizacja małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Wach, K. (2016), “Motywy internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw z branży high-tech: wstępne wyniki badań sondażowych”, Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, XVII(1), pp. 93–107.

Wach, K., Wojciechowski, L. (2016), “Determinants of Inward FDI into Visegrad Countries: Empirical Evidence Based on Panel Data for the Years 2000–2012”, Economics and Business Review, 2(16), 1, pp. 34–52.

Wagner, U., Timmins, C. (2009), “Agglomeration Effects in Foreign Direct Investment and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis”, Environmental & Resource Economics, 43(2), pp. 231–256.

Wang, M. (2009), “Manufacturing FDI and Economic Growth: Evidence from Asian Economies”, Applied Economics, 41, pp. 991–1002.

Wasilewska, E. (2008), Statystyka opisowa nie tylko dla socjologów, Wydawnictwo SGGW, Warszawa.

Wawrzynek, J. (2007), Metody opisu i wnioskowania statystycznego, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej im. Oskara Langego we Wrocławiu, Wrocław.

Wei, S.-J. (1995), Foreign Direct Investment in China: Sources and Consequences, Financial Deregulation and Integration in East Asia, NBER-EASE, 5, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Wei, Y., Liu, X. (2001), Foreign Direct Investment in China: Determinants and Impact, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Whyman, P., Baimbridge, M. (2006), Labor Market Flexibility and Foreign Direct Investment, The Department of Trade and Industry, URN 06/1797.

Wieczorkowska, G., Wierzbiński, J. (2012, 2013), Statystyka od teorii do praktyki, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa.

Wiliński, W. (2013), Polityka gospodarcza państw wysoko rozwiniętych i rozwijających się w zakresie wspierania krajowych spółek inwestujących poza granicami kraju, Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Warszawa.

Williamson, O. E. (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, The Free Press, New York.

Witek-Hajduk, M. K. (2010), Strategie internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw w warunkach akcesji do Unii Europejskiej, Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warszawa.

Witek-Hajduk, M. K. (2012), “Formy umiędzynarodowienia polskich przedsiębiorstw na rynkach zaopatrzenia”, Gospodarka Narodowa, No. 4(248), pp. 61–83.

Witkowska, J. (1996), Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Próba interpretacji na gruncie teorii bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych i teorii integracji, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

World Bank (1999–2012).

World Investment Report (2010–2019), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), New York, Geneva.

World Trade Report (2006), Exploring the Links Between Subsidies, Trade and the WTO, WTO, Geneva.

Wybrane wskaźniki przedsiębiorczości w latach 2012–2016 [publication in Polish: Selected indicators of entrepreneurship for 2012–2016], (2018), GUS, Warszawa.

Wysokińska, Z., Witkowska, J. (2004), Handel i inwestycje zagraniczne a zrównoważony rozwój, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.

Xu, G., Wang, R. (2007), “The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic Capital Formation, Trade and Economic Growth in a Transition Economy: Evidence from China”, Global Economy Journal, 7(2), pp. 1–21.

Yao, S., Wang, P. (2014), China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investments and the Impact on the World Economy, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

Yeaple, S. R. (2003), “The Role of Skill Endowments in the Structure of U.S. Outward Foreign Direct Investment”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(3), pp. 726–734.

Yeaple, S. R. (2013), The Multinational Firm, Annual Review of Economics, 5, pp. 193–217.

Yip, G. S. (2004), The Global Strategy, 2nd edition in Polish, PWE, Warszawa.

Zawora, J. (2016), “Działalność gminy w Niemczech i Polsce – uwarunkowania prawne, organizacyjne i finansowe”, Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 439.

Zhang, K. (2001a), “Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Evidence from East Asia and Latin America”, Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(2), pp. 175–185.

Zhang, K. (2001b), “How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth in China?”, Economics of Transition, 9(3), pp. 679–693.

Zhang, K. H. (2001), “What Attracts Foreign Multinational Corporations to China?”, Contemporary Economic Policy, 19(3), pp. 336–346.

Zielińska-Głębocka, A. (2012), Współczesna gospodarka światowa. Przemiany, innowacje, kryzysy, rozwiązania regionalne, Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa.

Zimny, Z. (2013), Światowy Raport Inwestycyjny 2013 (World Investment Report 2013). Globalne łańcuchy wartości: inwestycje i handel dla rozwoju, http://www.paiz.gov.pl/pl (accessed: February 2015).

Zorska, A. (2007), Korporacje transnarodowe. Przemiany, oddziaływania, wyzwania, Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa.

Accession Treaty (Journal of Laws [Dz.U.] 2004, No. 90, item 864).

Act of 6 March 2018 Entrepreneurs Law (Journal of Laws [Dz.U.] of 30 March 2018, item 646).

Act of 29 June 1995 on Public Statistics (Journal of Laws [Dz.U.] of 1995, No. 88, item 439).

Act of 10 May 2018 on Support for New Investments (Journal of Laws [Dz.U.] of 15 June 2018, item 1162).

Information about the Implementation of the Act on Special Economic Zones, Ministry of Development, Warsaw, 2016–2019.

Regulation (EC) No. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the Establishment of a Common Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154 of 21 June 2003).

Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 13 October 2006 on Regional Aid Map (Journal of Laws [Dz.U.] of 19 October 2006).

Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 30 June 2014 on the Regional Aid Map for 2014–2020 (Journal of Laws [Dz.U.] of 1 July 2014, item 878).

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Consolidated Version, Official Journal C 326, 26/10/2012.

Pobrania

Dane do pobrania nie są jeszcze dostępne.

Licencja

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

Jak cytować

Dorożyński, Tomasz. 2020. Incentives to Attract FDI: Evidence from the Łódź Province. Ekonomia. Poland: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. https://doi.org/10.18778/8220-239-7.