Polacy w podróży po pandemii. Motywacje, uwarunkowania i wzorce aktywności turystycznej

Abdula, M. (2019). Crisis and tourist demand in tourism research: A systematic literature review. Journal of Tourism and Development, 32, 97–112

Abdulrahman, B. M. A. (2023). Effects of fuel prices on economic activity: Evidence from Sudan. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 10(6), 164–179. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2023.06.020

Abelha, M. H., Vareiro, L., Mendes, R., Sousa, B. i Figueira, V. (2025). Disasters, trauma and tourism: the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourist behavior and post-crisis context. W: C. Seabra (red.), Research Agenda for Tourism and Risk (s. 217–235). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035327003.00017

Abrantes, A. M., Abrantes, J. L., Silva, C., Reis, P. i Seabra, C. (2021). Health risks, pandemics and epidemics affecting tourism: Understanding COVID-19 pandemic. W: C. Seabra, O. Paiva, C. Silva i J. L. Abrantes (red.), Pandemics and travel: COVID-19 impacts in the tourism industry. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-070-220211002

Addeo, F., Blanco-Gregory, R., Maddaloni, D. i Moffa, G. (2023). At the Origins of Migration Choices: A Survey of Students at Two South European Universities. Societies, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13020040

Adedoyin, F. F., Seetaram, N., Disegna, M. i Filis, G. (2023). The Effect of Tourism Taxation on International Arrivals to a Small Tourism-Dependent Economy. Journal of Travel Research, 62(1), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211053658

Adeyinka-Ojo, S. i Nair, V. (2018). Understanding the destination branding strategies for hospitality and tourism engagement in an intelligent rural community. W: D. Gursoy, Ch. Chi (red.), The Routledge Handbook of Destination Marketing (s. 229–240). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315101163

Aebli, A., Volgger, M. i Taplin, R. (2022). A two-dimensional approach to travel motivation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(1), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1906631

Akbar, P. N. G., Hawadi, L. F. i Cai, M. (2025). Visitor Segmentation Through Sustainable Travel Behaviors: Insights from Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 20(6), 2437–2443. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.200613

Alegre, J., Mateo, S. i Pou, L. (2009). Participation in tourism consumption and the intensity of participation: An analysis of their socio-demographic and economic determinants. Tourism Economics, 15(3), 531–546. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000009789036521

Alegre, J., Mateo, S. i Pou, L. (2013). Tourism participation and expenditure by Spanish households: The effects of the economic crisis and unemployment. Tourism Management, 39, 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.04.002

Alegre, J., Pou, L. i Sard, M. (2019). High unemployment and tourism participation. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(10), 1138–1149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1464550

Alejziak, W. (2009). Determinanty i zróżnicowanie społeczne aktywności turystycznej. W: A. Klimek (red.), Studia i Monografie (nr 56). Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie

Almunawar, M. N. i Anshari, M. (2014). Applying Transaction Cost Economy to Construct a Strategy for Travel Agents in Facing Disintermediation Threats. Journal of Internet Commerce, 13, 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2014.961331

Andruliene, R., Macerinskiene, A. i Urbonavicius, S. (2018). Relations of tourist push and pull motivations with their activities: The case of Lithuania. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 13(6), 893–904. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V13-N6-893-904

Anher, B. (1984). Obstacles to International Travel and Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 3(22), 2–15 https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758402200301

Araújo-Vila, N., Fraiz-Brea, J. A. i Pereira, A. M. (2021). Societal changes due to “covid-19”. An analysis of the tourism sector of Galicia, Spain. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158449

Arpaci, S. (2024). Crises and the pandemic effect on smart destinations. W: Role of Artificial Intelligence in Regenerative Tourism and Green Destinations. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-746-420241024

Artal-Tur, A., Pallardó-López, V. J. i Requena-Silvente, F. (2016). Examining the impact of visa restrictions on international tourist flows using panel data. Estudios de Economia, 43(2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52862016000200005

Bacsi, Z., Kovács, E. i Lőke, Z. (2024). The tourism performance of spa destinations during crises in Central and Eastern Europe: An adjusted RCA index. Heliyon, 10(19). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38257

Bae, S. Y. i Chang, P.-J. (2021). The effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards ‘untact’ tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1017–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1798895

Baig, S. i Hussain, H. (2020). Do shocks have permanent or transitory effects on tourist inflow? An application of stationarity test with structural breaks: evidence reexamined for Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1684961

Balińska, A. i Jaska, E. (2022). Postawy pokolenia Z wobec marki Facebook w okresie pandemii COVID-19 – perspektywa aktywności turystycznej. Studia Periegetica, 37(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8394

Balli, F., Uddin, G. S. i Shahzad, S. J. H. (2019). Geopolitical risk and tourism demand in emerging economies. Tourism Economics, 25(6), 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619831824

Baños-Pino, J. F., Boto-García, D., Del Valle, E. i Sustacha, I. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on tourists’ length of stay and daily expenditures. Tourism Economics, 29(2), 437–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166211053419

Barbieri, D. M., Lou, B., Passavanti, M., Hui, C., Hoff, I., Lessa, D. A., Sikka, G., Chang, K., Gupta, A., Fang, K., Banerjee, A., Maharaj, B., Lam, L., Ghasemi, N., Naik, B., Wang, F., Mirhosseini, A. F., Naseri, S., Liu, Z. i Rashidi, T. H. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes. PLoS ONE, 16(2 February). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245886

Baynazoğlu, M. E. i Melovic, B. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 on tourism investments. W: Covid 19 and the Hospitality and Tourism Industry: A Research Companion. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376243.00014

Bayram, G. E. i Sharma, A. (2024). Dynamics of the tourism industry: Post-pandemic and post-disaster perspectives and strategies. W: M. A. Khan (red.), Dynamics of the Tourism Industry Post Pandemic and Post Disaster Perspectives and Strategies, Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Series. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003455431

Bąk, I. (2011). Wyniki estymacji modeli dwumianowych wyjazdów turystycznych gospodarstw domowych emerytów i rencistów w Polsce. Ekonometria, 34, 165–177

Bechcińska, W., Mroczek-Żulicka, A., Penczewa, P., Stępień, A. i Żulicki, R. (2025). Influencer intentions and usage of stereotypes: Travel content on Instagram for Italy. Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society, 39(3), 39–60. https://doi.org/10.24917/20801653.393

Becken, S. i Lennox, J. (2012). Implications of a long-term increase in oil prices for tourism. Tourism Management, 33(1), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.012

Beerli, A. i Martín, J. D. (2004). Tourists’ characteristics and the perceived image of tourist destinations: A quantitative analysis – A case study of Lanzarote, Spain. Tourism Management, 25(5), 623–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.06.004

Bimonte, S., Ferrini, S. i Grilli, G. (2016). Transport infrastructures, environment impacts and tourists’ welfare: A choice experiment to elicit tourist preferences in Siena–Italy. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 59(5), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2015.1044746

Blanca, M. J., Alarcón, R., Arnau, J., Bono, R. i Bendayan, R. (2017). Non-normal data: Is ANOVA still a valid option? Psicothema, 29(4), 552–557. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.383

Bolodurina, I. P., Parfenov, D. I., Zabrodina, L. S., Kuznetsova, L. Y., Zhigalov, A. Y. i Yanishevskaya, N. A. (2020). Development of intelligent virtual assistant for planning the optimal travel route. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1661(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1661/1/012168

Börner, J., Shively, G., Wunder, S. i Wyman, M. (2015). How do rural households cope with economic shocks? Insights from global data using hierarchical analysis. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66(2), 392–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12097

Boto-García, D. (2022). Habit formation in tourism traveling. Journal of Travel Research, 61(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520964597

Boto-García, D. i Baños-Pino, J. F. (2023). Deep habits and travel resilience after COVID-19. Tourism Economics, 29(2), 543–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166211052139

Brożek, Z. i Kwilecka, M. (2007). Bezpośrednie funkcje rekreacji. Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna.

Bulut, M. (2024). The impact of disability on seniors’ lives and implications for senior tourism. W: T. D. Vila (red.), A Research Agenda for Senior Tourism (s. 27–43). Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035312993.00007

Bywalec, C. (2007). Konsumpcja w teorii i praktyce gospodarowania. PWN

Cai, L. A. i Li, M. (2009). Distance-segmented rural tourists. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 26(8), 751–761. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400903356137

Calveras, A. i Orfila-Sintes, F. (2019). Intermediation in hospitality and transaction cost theory: Evidence from the Balearic Islands, 2001–2010. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 11, 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.05.004

Camilleri, M. A. (2018). Tourism supply and demand. W: Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management (s. 139–154). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49849-2_8

Campo, S. i Yagüe, M. J. (2008). Tourist loyalty to tour operator: Effects of price promotions and tourist effort. Journal of Travel Research, 46(3), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507303975

Cao, T. D. i Nguyen, Q. M. (2012). Semantic approach to travel information search and itinerary recommendation. International Journal of Web Information Systems, 8(3), 256–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/17440081211258169

Cassidy, L. i Pabel, A. (2019). Travel review website usage: A cultural perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 10(3), 342–353. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2018-0003

Castañeda-García, J. A., Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M., Vena-Oya, J. i Epstein, D. M. (2023). Meeting public health objectives and supporting the resumption of tourist activity through COVID-19: A triangular perspective. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(10), 1617–1634. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2062306

Cavapozzi, D. i Zantomio, F. (2021). Senior tourism in Italy: The role of disability and socioeconomic characteristics. Journal of Population Ageing, 14(2), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-020-09286-3

Cazcarro, I., Duarte, R. i Sánchez Chóliz, J. (2016). Tracking water footprints at the micro and meso scale: An application to Spanish tourism by regions and municipalities. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 20(3), 446–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12414

Chan, J. K. L. i Baum, T. (2007). Motivation factors of ecotourists in ecolodge accommodation: The push and pull factors. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 12(4), 349–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660701761027

Chen, T. S., Hwang, M. S. i Chang, Y. J. (2022). The effect of wealth effect and population aging on tourism expenditure. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(11), 1852–1865. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1937959

Chen, Y., Lehto, X. Y. i Cai, L. A. (2012). Activity pattern of family travelers in a rural area: A case in Southern Indiana. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 13(2), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2012.643183

Chenghui, Z., Khatibi, A. i Tham, J. (2025). Social influences in tourist destination choice: An empirical informatics-based analysis using SPSS. Journal of Logistics Informatics and Service Science, 12(6), 262–276. https://doi.org/10.33168/JLISS.2025.0614

Chiu, C. N. (2025). The cost of war and peace: Evidence from the impact of Russia–Ukraine war on European tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2472415

Choe, Y., Kim, H. i Joun, H.-J. (2019). Differences in tourist behaviors across the seasons: The case of Northern Indiana. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164351

Choonhawong, W. i Phumsathan, S. (2022). Critical review of patterns, roles, and influences of social media in tourism. Journal of Social Sciences, 43(4), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2022.43.4.27

Chou, X., Gambardella, L. M. i Montemann, R. (2019). Monte Carlo sampling for the tourist trip design problem. Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, 2(10), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0210.09.00259

Chourasia, B. (2024). Travelers’ choices influence and impact of destination ratings of tourist destinations. W: V. Nadda, P. K. Tyagi (red.), Chandigarh University Examining Tourist Behaviors and Community Involvement in Destination Rejuvenation (s. 1–8). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6819-0.ch001

Christou, E., Giannopoulos, A. i Simeli, I. (2025). The evolution of digital tourism marketing: From hashtags to AI-immersive journeys in the metaverse era. Sustainability (Switzerland), 17(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17136016

Coppola, P., Carbone, A., Aveta, C. i Stangherlin, P. (2020). Assessing transport policies for tourist mobility based on accessibility indicators. European Transport Research Review, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-020-00444-4

Crawford, D. W., Jackson, E. L. i Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 13(4), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/0149040910951314

Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6, 408–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5

Cruz-Milán, O. (2024). A review of empirical research on Plog’s psychographics in tourism. W: M. A. Camilleri (red.), Tourism planning and destination marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-888-120241001

Csapó, J. i Gonda, T. (2025). Exploring travel patterns and motivations of people with disabilities (PwD) in health and active tourism: A Hungarian perspective. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-01-2025-0032

Dann, G. M. S. (1981). Tourist motivation: An appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 8, 187–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(81)90082-7

Das, S. (2014). Hidden cost in public infrastructure project: A case study of Kolkata East–West metro. W: K. S. Sridhar, G. Wan (red.), Urbanization in Asia: Governance, Infrastructure and The Environment (s. 149–164). Springer India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1638-4_9

Dean, D. i Suhartanto, D. (2019). The formation of visitor behavioral intention to creative tourism: The role of push-pull motivation. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(5), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1572631

Degirmenci, T., Okoth, E. i Erdem, A. (2025). Political governance and tourism development: The roles of globalisation, stability, economic growth, and taxation in top destinations. Tourism Recreation Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2025.2465963

Deliormanli, A. (2022). Tourism and women. W: H. Sezerel, B. Christiansen (red.), Handbook of Research on Sustainable Tourism and Hotel Operations in Global Hypercompetition (s. 203–219). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4645-4.ch010

De Souza, A. G., De Queiroz Barbosa, J. W. i De Guimarães, J. C. F. (2025). Fear of missing out (FOMO) and the digital extended self: Another view on the sharing of tourism experiences on social media. Cuadernos de Turismo, 55, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.663341

Dewi, M. H. U. i Dewi, N. P. M. (2025). Acceleration of Bali tourism recovery in facing the global economic recession in 2023. International Journal of Financial Economics (IJEFE), 2(3), 1021–1035.

Dey, B. (2019). Understanding customers’ journey mapping in the context of travel and tourism. Jaipuria International Journal of Management Research, 5(1), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.22552/jijmr/2019/v5/i1/182301

Dębski, M., Krawczyk, A. i Dworak, D. (2019). Wzory zachowań turystycznych przedstawicieli Pokolenia Y. Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów, 172, 9–21. https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2019.172.1

Dioko, L. D. A. N. (2022). Did tourism dependence exacerbate economic contractions over and above COVID? Preliminary evidence and clues for identifying optimal tourism levels. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 27(5), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2022.2092414

Dodds, R., i Holmes, M. R. (2020). Preferences at city and rural beaches: Are the tourists different? Journal of Coastal Research, 36(2), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-19-00048.1

Doğan, S. i Niyet, I. Z. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) in tourism. W: C. Tanrisever,

H. Pamukçu i A. Sharma (red.), Future tourism trends: Technology advancement, trends and innovations for the future in tourism (Vol. 2). https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-970-320241001

Dunn Ross, E. L. i Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1991). Sightseeing tourists’ motivation and satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(2), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(91)90006-W

Duong, L. N., Pham, L. H. i Hoang, T. T. P. (2023). Applying push and pull theory to determine domestic visitors’ tourism motivations. Journal of Tourism and Services, 14(27), 136–160. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v14i27.554

Dziedzic, E. i Skalska, T. (2012). Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania rozwoju usług turystycznych w Polsce. Stowarzyszenie na Rzecz Badania, Rozwoju i Promocji Turystyki

Elorduy, J. L. i Gento, A. M. (2024). Public transport and accessible tourism: Analysis in a Spanish UNESCO World Heritage City. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 150(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/jupddm.upeng-4723

Elrazaz, T., Khalid, U. i Okafor, L. (2024). Stock prices and COVID-19 stimulus policies: Evidence from tourism and hospitality industry. Tourism Analysis, 29(1), 125–148. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354223X16888926033350

Elshaer, I. A. i Saad, S. K. (2022). Entrepreneurial resilience and business continuity in the tourism and hospitality industry: The role of adaptive performance and institutional orientation. Tourism Review, 77(5), 1365–1384. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-04-2021-0171

Erlinda, V. i Fatmawati, I. (2025). A bibliometric analysis of publication trends in the Scopus database on the theme fear of missing out to consumers behavior. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025070

Esztergár-Kiss, D., Shulha, Y., Aba, A. i Tettamanti, T. (2021). Promoting sustainable mode choice for commuting supported by persuasive strategies. Sustainable Cities and Society, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103264

ETC (2024). European Tourism: Trends & Prospects Quarterly report (Q4/2023), ETC Market Intelligence Report. https://www.slovenia.info/uploads/dokumenti/raziskave/etc_reports/ETC-Quarterly-Report-Q4_2023_PublicVersion.pdf

European Commission (2023). EU tourism: an almost full recovery to pre-pandemic levels. Joint Research Centre. https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrc-news-and-updates/eu-tourism-almost-full-recovery-pre-pandemic-levels-2023-10-23_en

European Court of Auditors (2021). EU Support to tourism Need for a fresh strategic orientation and a better funding approach, Special Report, 27. https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR21_27/SR_EU-invest-tourism_EN.pdf

Eurostat (2023a). Key figures on the EU in the world – 2023 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2785/515035

Eurostat (2023b). Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) in Europe (2023 edition). Publications Office of the European Union, 2023

Eurostat (2025). Key figures on the EU in the world – 2025 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2785/0626043

Eusébio, C., Teixeira, L., Teixeira, P., Caneiro, M. J., Lemos, D. i Silveiro, A. (2023). The state of web accessibility for tourists with disabilities: A comparative study between different tourism supply agents. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 18(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2021.1941313

Falk, M. i Scaglione, M. (2018). Effects of ski lift ticket discounts on local tourism demand. Tourism Review, 73(4), 480–491. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-08-2017-0133

Faracik, R., Kurek, W., Mika, M., Pitrus, E. i Ptaszycka-Jackowska, D. (2007). Rodzaje i formy turystyki. W: W. Kurek (red.), Turystyka. PWN

Feng, J., Dijst, M., Wissink, B. i Prillwitz, J. (2013). The impacts of household structure on the travel behaviour of seniors and young parents in China. Journal of Transport Geography, 30, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.03.008

Feng, Y., Sun, X. i Li, G. (2022). Oil price, economic policy uncertainty and tourism development: Evidence from China. Procedia Computer Science, 214(C), 560–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.11.212

Fernández, M. D., García, M. L. i Picos, A. P. (2012). Motivation in the field of tourism: An analysis of its influence on consumer decisions and its implications for the planning of tourist services. W: J. N. Franco, A. E. Svensgaard (red.), Handbook on Psychology of Motivation: New Research. Nova Science Publishers

Fernando, E., Meiryani, Ikhsan, R. B., Rohimah, Condrobimo, A. R., Meyliana, Hartanto, Daniel, H. i Halim, S. K. (2021). Concept model: Analysis of factors on intention and decisions on the use of smart tourism applications. Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech 2021), 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTech53080.2021.9534933

Filieri, R., D’Amico, E., Destefanis, A., Paolucci, E. i Raguseo, E. (2021). Artificial intelligence (AI) for tourism: A European-based study on successful AI tourism start-ups. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(11), 4099–4125. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2021-0220

Gao, Y. i Chen, L. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 risk perception on residents’ behavioural intention towards forest therapy tourism. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811590

Garcia, G., Dos Anjos, S. i Doğan, S. (2022). Online travel agencies and their role in the tourism industry. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 10(3), 361–386. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.865546

García, M. G. i de la Villa Moral Jiménez, M. (2022). Motivation for traveling and tourist satisfaction in function of personality factors. PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 20(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.25145/J.PASOS.2022.20.002

Gardiner, S., Grace, D. i King, C. (2014). The generation effect: The future of domestic tourism in Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 53(6), 705–720. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514530810

Gaworecki, W. (2006). Turystyka. PWE

Genç, R. (2012). Tourist consumption behavior and quality-of-life. W: M. Uysal, R. Perdue, M. J. Sirgy (red.), Handbook of Tourism and Quality of Life Research: Enhancing the Lives of Tourists and Residents of Host Communities. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2288-0

Gilmore, J. H. i Pine, B. J. (2002). Customer experience places: The new offering frontier. Strategy & Leadership, 30(4), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570210435306

Głąbiński, Z. (2018). Uwarunkowania aktywności turystycznej seniorów przyjeżdżających do Innsbrucka, Krakowa i Szczecina. Turystyka Kulturowa, 4, 46–62. www.turystykakulturowa.org

Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (n.d.). Uczestnictwo mieszkańców Polski (rezydentów) w podróżach (PKZ). https://badania-ankietowe.stat.gov.pl/kategoria/1/badanie/30

Godovykh, M., Pizam, A. i Bahja, F. (2021). Antecedents and outcomes of health risk perceptions in tourism following the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism Review, 76(4), 737–748. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2020-0257

Gök, H. S. i Aylan, F. K. (2024). The recovery of the tourism industry from pandemics and disasters. W: G. E. Bayram, A. Sharma (red.), Dynamics of the Tourism Industry Post Pandemic and Post Disaster Perspectives and Strategies Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Series. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003455431-3

Gołembski, G. (red.), (2009). Kompendium wiedzy o turystyce. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Gonda, T. i Rátz, T. (2023). Attitudes and actions in responsible tourism: An analysis of generational differences. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 46(1), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.46126-1020

González-Navasa, C., Moreno-Pérez, J. A., Brito-Santana, J. i Alonso-Afonso, H. (2023). Recommendation of tourist itineraries with dependence on transport time. Transportation Research Procedia, 71, 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.060

Gooroochurn, N. i Sinclair, M. T. (2005). Economics of tourism taxation: Evidence from Mauritius. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 478–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.10.003

Gozgor, G., Seetaram, N. i Lau, C. K. M. (2021). Effect of global uncertainty on international arrivals by purpose of visits and length of stay. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(6), 1086–1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2464

Gregory, A. i Fu, X. (2018). Examining family cohesion’s influence on resort vacation satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 1(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2017-0008

Gronek, U. (2019). Zasoby i sposoby wykorzystania czasu wolnego przez osoby w wieku 60+. Studia i Prace WNZiZ US, 56. https://doi.org/10.18276/sip.2019.56-05

Gül, H. (2019). Determining Turkish households’ tourism consumption expenditures in economic crisis. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 7(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.456904

GUS. https://stat.gov.pl/metainformacje/slownik-pojec/pojecia-stosowane-w-statystyce-publicznej/539,pojecie.html

Gyimóthy, S., Braun, E. i Zenker, S. (2022). Travel-at-home: Paradoxical effects of a pandemic threat on domestic tourism. Tourism Management, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104613

Hailemariam, A. i Ivanovski, K. (2021). The impact of geopolitical risk on tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(22), 3134–3140. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1876644

Halkiopoulos, C. i Giotopoulos, K. (2022). Tourism’s use of web-based information systems and the influence of tourism trends. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 407–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92491-1_25

Hall, M. C. (2010). Crisis events in tourism: Subjects of crisis in tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 401–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2010.491900

Hall, C. M. i Page, S. J. (2014). The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place and space. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203796092

Han, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, S. i Jiang, Y. (2023). Internalizing social norms to promote pro- environmental behavior: Chinese tourists on social media. Journal of China Tourism Research, 19(3), 443–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2022.2085835

Haq, Z. ul, Ullah, Z. i Sajjad. (2019). Households’ participation in and expenditure on recreation and tourism in Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 206–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1557227

Hartatik, Firdaus, N., Hartono, R., Riasti, B. K., Purbayu, A. i A’La, F. Y. (2022). Travel budget prediction for determining tourism objects using simple additive weighting (SAW) algorithm. 2022 7th International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC 2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIC56845.2022.10006982

Hedlund, T., Marell, A. i Gärling, T. (2012). The mediating effect of value orientation on the relationship between socio-demographic factors and environmental concern in Swedish tourists’ vacation choices. Journal of Ecotourism, 11(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2011.626859

Herbik, E. (2022). Determinanty zachowań nabywców na rynku usług turystycznych- w świetle badań. Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne, 49(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.49.9

Herman, K. (2014). Instrumenty promocji produktu turystycznego i ich rola w promowaniu aktywności turystycznej. Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu. https://www.academia.edu/101155746/Instrumenty_promocji_produktu_turystycznego_i_ich_rola_w_promowaniu_aktywno%C5%9Bci_turystycznej

Hoback, N., Cole, S. i Piatt, J. (2024). Impacts of retirement on baby boomer’s travel patterns. W: Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Growth (t. 30, s. 91–112). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620240000030007

Hołderna-Mielcarek, B., Kubas, K. i Kujawa, A. (2024). Turystyka miejska pokolenia Z w kontekście marketingu 3.0. Turystyka Kulturowa, 132(3), 105. www.turystykakulturowa.org

Hon-Snir, S. i Teitler-Regev, S. (2025). The preferred mix of urban and rural destinations in domestic and international travel. Portuguese Economic Journal, 24(2), 271–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-024-00265-6

Hosmer, D. W. i Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied Logistic Regression. 2nd Edition. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471722146

Hothorn, T., Hornik, K., van de Wiel, M. A. i Zeileis, A. (2006). A lego system for conditional inference. The American Statistician, 60(3), 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313006X118430

Hothorn, T., Hornik, K. i Zeileis, A. (2006). Unbiased recursive partitioning: A conditional inference framework. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 15(3), 651–674. https://doi.org/10.1198/106186006X133933

Hu, F., Wen, J., Zheng, D., Ying, T., Hou, H. i Wang, W. (2025). Rescaling outbound tourism motivation: New insights from tourists with mild dementia. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 42(1), 20–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2024.2425099

Huang, Q., Lu, Y. i Chen, X. (2018). Generation theory and its application of tourism research. Tropical Geography, 38(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003005

Hunga, W. T., Shang, J. K. i Wang, F. C. (2013). A multilevel analysis on the determinants of household tourism expenditure. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(6), 612–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2012.725714

Hunter-Jones, P. (2004). Young people, holiday-taking and cancer: An exploratory analysis. Tourism Management, 25(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00094-3

Inaba, K. i Iwashita, M. (2024). Alternative location recommendation methods to avoid crowding at tourist sites. 9th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Data Science (BCD 2024), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1109/BCD61269.2024.10743108

Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Towards a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90049-4

Ivancsóné Horváth, Z., Kupi, M. i Kundi, V. (2025). Digitalization and tourism: how X, Y, and Z generations make travel decisions in the online era. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 60, 1302–1314. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.602spl26-1502

Jackman, M. i Naitram, S. (2023). Segmenting tourists by length of stay using regression tree models. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-03-2021-0084

Jafari, J., Smith, V. L. i Brent, M. (2001). Hosts and guests revisited: Tourism issues of the 21st century. W: J. Jafari, V. Smith, M. Brent, The scientification of tourism (s. 28–41). Cognizant Communication Corporation

Jang, Y., Miao, L. i Chen, C. C. (2022). Pay now or pay later: The impact of time on payment preference in hotel booking. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(4), 439–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667211066323

Jin, C., Cheng, J. i Xu, J. (2018). Using user-generated content to explore the temporal heterogeneity in tourist mobility. Journal of Travel Research, 57(6), 779–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517714906

Joly, I. i Vincent-Geslin, S. (2016). Intensive travel time: An obligation or a choice? European Transport Research Review, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-016-0195-7

Juvan, E., Ring, A., Leisch, F. i Dolnicar, S. (2016). Tourist segments’ justifications for behaving in an environmentally unsustainable way. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(11), 1506–1522. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1136635

Kasim, A., Dzakiria, H., Park, C., Mohd Nor, N. A., Mokhtar, M. F. i Rashid Radha, J. R. R. R. (2013). Predictors of travel motivations: The case of domestic tourists to island destinations in northwest of Malaysia. Anatolia, 24(2), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2012.751865

Kaufmann, M. (2013). Emergent self-organisation in emergencies: Resilience rationales in interconnected societies. Resilience, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21693293.2013.765742

Kelela, S., Emagnu, Y. M. i Berta, K. K. (2025). Assessing the determinant factors influencing transport mode choice: A case of Debre Berhan City. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/atr/2393859

Kenny, J. i Dutt, C. S. (2022). The long-term impacts of hotel’s strategic responses to COVID-19: The case of Dubai. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584211034525

Kersan-Škabić, I. (2024). Tourism in global value chains- the case of Central and East European countries. Journal of International Studies, 17(4), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2024/17-4/7

Khadaroo, J. i Seetanah, B. (2008). The role of transport infrastructure in international tourism development: A gravity model approach. Tourism Management, 29(5), 831–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.09.005

Kim, C. i Parent, O. (2016). Modeling individual travel behaviors based on intra-household interactions. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 57, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2015.12.002

Kim, H. R., Yi, C. i Jang, Y. (2019). Relationships among overseas travel, domestic travel, and day trips for latent tourists using longitudinal data. Tourism Management, 72, 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.11.018

Kim, M. i Koo, D. W. (2020). Visitors’ pro-environmental behavior and the underlying motivations for natural environment: Merging dual concern theory and attachment theory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102147

Kim, S. S., Uysal, M. i Sirgy, M. J. (2013). How does tourism in a heritage site motivate tourists to revisit? The role of self-congruity and functional congruity. Tourism Management, 34, 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.005

Kim, Y. G. i Li, G. (2009). Customer satisfaction with and loyalty towards online travel products: A transaction cost economics perspective. Tourism Economics, 15(4), 825–846. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000009789955125

Kinczel, A., Lengyel, A., Pálinkás, R., Baba Bácsné, É. i Müller, A. (2025). The influence of inside work and outside work well-being factors on actual and future travel destination choice. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 58(1), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.58115-1400

Knabe, A., Rätzel, S., Schöb, R. i Weimann, J. (2010). Dissatisfied with life but having a good day: Time-use and well-being of the unemployed. Economic Journal, 120(547), 867–889. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02347.x

Kocak, E., Bulut, U. i Bakir, S. (2025). Do shocks to tourism receipts have a transitory or persistent nature? A comparison of traditional and artificial intelligence-based analytical procedures. Tourism Economics. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166251361275

Kowalczyk, A. (2010). Turystyka zrównoważona. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Kowalczyk-Anioł, J. (2012). Tendencje rozwoju turystyki polskiej młodzieży pokolenia Y. Turyzm, 22(2), 15–21

Kowalczyk-Anioł, J.(2013). Różnice pokoleniowe w turystyce polskich seniorów -babyboomers versus pokolenie przedwojenne. W: R. Pawlusiński (red.), Współczesne uwarunkowania i problemy rozwoju turystyki (s. 135–147). Uniwersytet Jagielloński

Kožić, I., Mikulić, J. i Krešić, D. (2016). Propensity to travel: What is the macro-data telling us? W: Á. Matias, P. Nijkamp i J. Romão (red.), Impact Assessment in Tourism Economics (s. 9–22). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14920-2_2

Kozma, G., Michalkó, G. i Kiss, R. (2014). The socio-demographic factors influencing visitors’ participation in Hungarian sports events. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 14(3), 391–397. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2014.03060

Krishna M. G., Haseeb, M., Siyad, B. M., Mohamed Zameel, P. A. i Vyshnav Raj, S. (2021). Budget and experience based travel planner using collaborative filtering. 1st Odisha International Conference on Electrical Power Engineering Communication and Computing Technology Odicon 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/ODICON50556.2021.9428978

Kruczek, Z. (red.), (2001). Kompendium pilota wycieczek. Proksenia

Ksissou, K. i El-Khodary, M. (2023). Impacts of sanitary and regulatory restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on Morocco’s tourism industry. Journal of Tourism and Development, 41, 369–385. https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v41i0.30471

Kulbaczewska, M. (2012). Wpływ przeobrażeń demograficznych na popyt turystyczny w Polsce. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług (nr 82: Popyt turystyczny: zagadnienia podstawowe), 266–280

Kurek, W. (red.), (2007). Turystyka. PWN

Kvítková, Z. i Petrů, Z. (2023). Specifics of online reputation management of hotel services intermediaries and their role in reputation creation. W: R. Rialti, Z. Kvítková, T. Makovník, Online Reputation Management in Destination and Hospitality What We Know What We Need to Know. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-375-120231005

Landby, E. (2025). Applying a time-geographical perspective to understand tourism mobilities of families with children who use wheelchairs. European Journal of Tourism Research, 39. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v39i.3741

Layang, L. I. (2015). Tourist gaze: Rethinking and reconstructing. Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan, 30(2), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn-1002-5006.2015.02.013

Le, T. D., Le, T. A., Nguyen, P. H., Ho, Y. T. P. i Le, B. H. P. (2023). Factors affecting the decision of selecting a destination for international tourists at the Hoi an world cultural heritage site. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 51, 1663–1675. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.514spl01-1163

Leal, F., Dias, J. M., Malheiro, B. i Burguillo, J. C. (2016). Analysis and visualisation of crowd- sourced tourism data. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 20-22-July- 2016, 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1145/2948992.2949008

Lee, H. A., Guillet, B. D., Law, R. i Leung, R. (2012). Robustness of Distance Decay for International Pleasure Travelers: A Longitudinal Approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(5), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.861

Lee, Y.-H. i Chang, W. S. (2016). Analyzing the effects of economic factors on modeling the diffusion of foreign exchange earnings from tourism in Taiwan. Tourism Economics, 22(5), 1126–1131. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0466

Leh, F. C., Mokhtar, F. Z. i Ramli, N. R. (2020). Influences of tourists’ socio-demographic characteristics in determining the visits or re-visited to Perak’s hot springs using logistic regression model. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(6), 516–522. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.06.95

Lemon, K. N. i Verhoef, P. C. (2016). Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0420

Lennox, J. (2012). Impacts of high oil prices on tourism in New Zealand. Tourism Economics, 18(4), 781–800. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2012.0147

Li, R., Liu, D. i Chen, Q. (2025). Modeling tourists preferences through online reviews: an UPL-PT-MULTIMOORA-EDAS group decision method for wellness scenic spots selection. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 16(5), 3381–3398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-024-02456-1

Li, T. E. i Chan, E. T. H. (2021). “With a young spirit, we will be young forever”: Exploring the links between tourism and ageing well in contemporary China. Tourism Management, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2021.104345

Li, Y. W., Liu, Y., Wan, L. C. i Lin, Y. (2024). Human psychology as a driver of tourism development: The effect of regional personality traits. Annals of Tourism Research, 109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2024.103852

Liao, Y. K., Nguyen, P. T. i Nguyen Thi, K. N. (2018). Examining the role of online customer reviews on tourist motivation: Destination and revisit intention. Journal of Social Sciences Research, 4(12), 413–422. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.413.422

Liberato, P., Liberato, D., Vieira, A., Mendes, T., Barreira, H. i Rodrigues, C. (2024). Accessibility in Tourism: Optimizing the Tourism Experience Through Social Sustainability Interpretation. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 7, 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54342-5_4

Lijewski, T., Mikułowski, B. i Wyrzykowski, J. (2008). Geografia turystyki Polski. PWE

Lin, L.-F. (2019). The factors influencing Taiwanese demand to travel abroad. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 25(2), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.25.2.3

Liu, J., Cao, J., Hsu, F.-C. i Mai, H. (2024). An extended view of tourist gaze theory: Proactive gaze in picnics. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 58, 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.12.001

Liu, O., Gao, J. i Li, S. (2024). The innovation model and upgrade path of digitalization driven tourism industry: Longitudinal case study of OCT. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123127

Liu, X., Mehraliyev, F., Liu, C. i Schuckert, M. (2020). The roles of social media in tourists’ choices of travel components. Tourist Studies, 20(1), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797619873107

López-Gómez, L., García-Solanes, J. i Beyaert, A. (2022). Spatial effects and institutional quality in the demand for international tourism. An application to COVID-19 impact. European Journal of Tourism Research, 31. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2179

Lumley, T., Diehr, P., Emerson, S. i Chen, L. (2002). The importance of the normality assumption in large public health data sets. Annual Review of Public Health, 23, 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140546

Luong, T.-B. i Nguyen, D. T. A. (2024). The Moderating Role of Risk Perception in the Relationships Between Motivation, Attitude, and Involvement in Adventure Activities: A Study from Young Vietnamese Travelers. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2024.2338779

Lv, X. (2015). Domestic travel propensity of China’s urban residents based on analysis of tourism consumption. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, 1327–1332. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1546222

Łazarek R., 2004, Ekonomika turystyki. Wybrane zagadnienia. Wydanie III zmienione, Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna, Warszawa

Madeira, A., Rodrigues, R., Lopes, S. i Palrão, T. (2025). Exploring Positive and Negative Emotions Through Motivational Factors: Before, During, and After the Pandemic Crisis with a Sustainability Perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052246

Majchrzak-Jaszczyk, A. (2018). Analiza wybranych pozaekonomicznych determinant popytu turystycznego w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Zeszyty Naukowe. Turystyka i Rekreacja, 21, 181–198. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/6454997/KS-GQ-14-013-EN-N.pdf

Mankiw, N. i Taylor, M. (2016). Makroekonomia. PWN

Markiewicz-Patkowska, J., Forlicz, M., Karpiński, A. i Tabari, S. (2024). Socioeconomic Drivers of Polish Seniors’ Tourism Choices. Economics and Sociology, 17(4), 197–216. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2024/17-4/11

Markiewicz-Patkowska, J., Pytel, S., Oleśniewicz, P. i Widawski, K. (2019). Modern senior tourism in the context of young people tourist activity in Poland. Folia Geographica, 61(1), 68–86. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076341648&partnerID=40&md5=47eafe2341117293c48a6fe2820a2c52

Martínez, S. C. i Yagüe, M. J. (2006). Can price promotions improve tourist loyalty to tour operators? Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 14(4), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v14n04_03

Masiero, L. i Nicolau, J. L. (2012). Tourism Market Segmentation Based on Price Sensitivity: Finding Similar Price Preferences on Tourism Activities. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), 426–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511426339

Matczak, A. i Szymańska, D. (2022). Tourist mobility of Polish residents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 58(58), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2022-0042

Matczak, A. i Szymańska, D. (2023). The spatial structure of domestic tourist trips of Polish residents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Bulletin of Geography. Socio- economic Series, 62(62), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0033

Matte, J., Fachinelli, A. C., Toni, D. De, Milan, G. S. i Olea, P. M. (2024). Relationship between Leisure Involvement, Voluntary Simplicity, Leisure Satisfaction, and Experiential Consumption. Leisure Sciences, 46(4), 512–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2021.2001703

May Reamico, D., Bangahan, S., Hayudini, M. A. A. i Chavez, J. V. (2025). Strategizing marketing initiatives from tourism-seeking behaviors among travelers. Environment and Social Psychology, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.59429/ESP.V10I7.3880

Mayer, M. (2024). missRanger: Fast Imputation of Missing Values. R package version 2.6.1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=missRanger

McKercher, B. (2008). The implicit effect of distance on tourist behavior: A comparison of short and long haul pleasure tourists to Hong Kong. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 25(3–4), 367–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802508473

McKercher, B. i Chen, F. (2015). Travel as a Life Priority? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(7), 715–729. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.931289

McKercher, B. i Mak, B. (2019). The impact of distance on international tourism demand. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.07.004

Mehataj, M., Kanimozhi, P. i Ananth Kumar, T. (2024). Social Media and Its Influence on Travel Decision-Making. W: A. Norhidayah, V. Marco, A. Ahmad (red.), Decoding Tourist Behavior in the Digital Era: Insights for Effective Marketing (s. 135–166). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3972-5.ch006

Melasari, J., Purnawan, Yosritzal i Yossyafra. (2023). Accessibility Towards West Sumatra Tourism Area. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1173(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1173/1/012049

Melo, A. J. D. V. T., Gonçalves, E. C. i Pinheiro, A. J. (2024). Tourists’ Perceptions of Service Quality: Using Text for Tourism Hospitality Industry Insights. Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation, 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49536-6_23

Menard, S. (2010). Logistic Regression: From Introductory to Advanced Concepts and Applications. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483348964

Meo, M. S., Chowdhury, M. A. F., Shaikh, G. M., Ali, M. i Masood Sheikh, S. (2018). Asymmetric impact of oil prices, exchange rate, and inflation on tourism demand in Pakistan: new evidence from nonlinear ARDL. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(4), 408–422. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1445652

Merkert, R. i Hakim, M. M. (2022). Travel agency transaction costs in airline value chains – A risk in distribution channels in South Asia? Annals of Tourism Research, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103414

Mihai, V. C., Dumitras, D. E., Oroian, C., Chiciudean, G. O., Arion, F. H. i Mureșan, I. C. (2023). Exploring the Factors Involved in Tourists’ Decision-Making and Determinants of Length of Stay. Administrative Sciences, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13100215

Mohammadzadeh, A. i Shahiki Tash, M. N. (2021). Investigating the Uncertainty of Government Economic Policies on Inbound Tourism in Iran. New Global Studies, 15(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2020-0025

Mokras-Grabowska, J. (2015). Czas wolny w dobie postmodernizmu. Folia Turistica, 34 Molenda, M., Kotlewski, D. i Węgrzyn, P. (2023). Smart technology w przedsiębiorstwach turystycznych jako element zrównoważonego rozwoju. Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów, 68(2), 41–60. https://econjournals.sgh.waw.pl/EEiM/article/view/4214. https://doi.org/10.33119/EEIM.2023.68.3

Morkotun, Y. (2017). Generacje X i Y oraz ich uczestnictwo w turystyce. W: A. Niemczyk (red.), Współczesne wyzwania na rynku turystycznym (s. 83–91). Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Nowym Sączu.

Murniati i Wenzano, P. P. (2024). Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Tourism Development: Analyzing Factors Influencing Visit Decisions and Economic Welfare Improvement. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 100818–100828. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00818

Napierała, T. i Pawlicz, A. (2025). War beyond national borders: Impact of the Russian- Ukrainian war on hotel performances in neighbouring countries. Tourism Management, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2025.105235

Naumov, N., Varadzhakova, D. i Naydenov, A. (2024). Domestic leisure tourism destination choice and who do we trust—the case of Bulgaria. Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic Sasa, 74(2), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI240226007N

Neumayer, E. (2010). Visa Restrictions and Bilateral Travel. Professional Geographer, 62(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330121003600835

Ngan, N. T. K. i Hai, N. C. (2025). Factors Affecting Ecotourism Development – Tourists’ Decision to Choose a Destination. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 18(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.21863/ijhts/2025.18.3.001

Nguyen, C. P., Thanh, S. D. i Nguyen, B.(2022). Economic uncertainty and tourism consumption. Tourism Economics, 28(4), 920–941. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620981519

Ni, C. i Ling, Z. (2022). Spearman correlation data analysis of domestic residents’ per capita disposable income and domestic tourism per capita consumption. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1145/3584748.3584797

Niezgoda, A. i Markiewicz, E. (2018). The Environmental Awareness and Divergence of Consumer Behaviors on the Tourist Market. Marketing i Zarządzanie, 52, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.18276/miz.2018.52-12

Nikas, I. A. (2024). Spatial Analysis of Tourist Routes Offered by Travel Agencies and Some Overtourism Issues: The Case of Crete. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54338-8_36

Nikjoo, A. H. i Ketabi, M. (2015). The role of push and pull factors in the way tourists choose their destination. Anatolia, 26(4), 588–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2015.1041145

Ning, Z.-Q. (2013). Research on tourist attractiveness and urban recreational temperament. Journal for the Liberal Arts and Sciences, 17(2), 35–47

Nissan, E., Galindo, M. A., Méndez, M. T. (2011). Relationship between tourism and economic growth. The Service Industries Journal, 31(10), 1567–1572

Núñez, J. C. G., Fuentes, L. R. R. i Monroy, H. C. (2021). The determinants of tourism expenditure in Mexican households: Applying a model of logistic regression. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 11(4), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtp.2021.119100

Nutsugbodo, R. Y., Amenumey, E. K. i Mensah, C. A. (2018). Public transport mode preferences of international tourists in Ghana: Implications for transport planning. Travel Behaviour and Society, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2017.11.002

Obłąkowska, K. A. (2022). Sektor turystyczny w Polsce w przededniu i obliczu pandemii COVID-19. Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe, 5(2), 117–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2022.02.07

O’Connor, P. (2023). Intermediation, disintermediation and reintermediation: Tourism distribution in the electronic age. W: A. M. Morrison, D. Buhalis (red.), Routledge Handbook of Trends and Issues in Global Tourism Supply and Demand. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003260790-19

Oğuz, H. U. (2023). The Future of Post-Pandemic Tourism and Hospitality Industry: A Comprehensive Assessment. W: A. Hassan, A. Sharma, J. Kennell, P. Mohanty, Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Crisis Resilience and Recovery. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5763-5_19

Oh, C. O. i Hammitt, W. E. (2011). Impact of increasing gasoline prices on tourism travel patterns to a state park. Tourism Economics, 17(6), 1311–1324. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2011.0093

Oktadiana, H. i Agarwal, M. (2022). Travel career pattern theory of motivation. W: D. Gursoy, S. Çelik (red.), Routledge handbook of social psychology of tourism (s. 76–86). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003161868-8

Oliveira, T., Araujo, B. i Tam, C. (2020). Why do people share their travel experiences on social media? Tourism Management, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104041

Omelan, A., Podstawski, R. i Raczkowski, M. (2016). Tourist Activity of Senior Citizens (60+) Residing in Urban and Rural Areas. Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research, 72(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2016-0028

Pacheco, A., Moniz, A. I. i Silva, O. (2022). Senior Travel Behavior Before and After Retirement. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 293, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1040-1_26

Page, S., Song, H. i Wu, D. C. (2012). Assessing the impacts of the global economic crisis and swine flu on inbound tourism demand in the United Kingdom. Journal of Travel Research, 51(2), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511400754

Palaios, P., Sarker, P. K. i Leventis, F. (2025). Inflation in Tourism Sector: New Evidence From Climate and Geopolitical Spillover Effects. International Journal of Tourism Research, 27(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70116

Panasiuk A. (red.), (2006). Ekonomika turystyki. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN Panasiuk A. (2008). Gospodarka turystyczna. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Panfiluk, E., Pek, J. i Markowska, J. (2022). Wykorzystanie innowacji technologicznych IT w podróżach turystycznych pokolenia Y. Academy of Management, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.24427/az-2022-0039

Parady, G. T., Takami, K. i Harata, N. (2014). Connection between built environment and travel behavior: Propensity score approach under a continuous treatment regime. Transportation Research Record, 2453, 137–144. https://doi.org/10.3141/2453-17

Park, S., Tussyadiah, I. P., Mazanec, J. A. i Fesenmaier, D. R. (2010). Travel personae of American pleasure travelers: A network analysis. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 27(8), 797–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2010.527246

Parray, W. A., Soudager, M. A., Dada, Z. A., Yasmin, E. i Darzi, T. A. (2024). Impact of geopolitical risk on tourism demand: evidence from asymmetric NARDL approach. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(5), 2546–2559. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2022-0248

Patria, T. A., Khrisnamurti i Rahtomo, W. (2020). The influence of image of 10 new prioritized destinations on FOMO among tourism students. Proceedings of 2020 International Conference on Information Management and Technology, ICIMTech 2020, 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTech50083.2020.9211143

Paumgarten, F., Locatelli, B., Witkowski, E. T. F. i Vogel, C. (2020). Prepare for the unanticipated: Portfolios of coping strategies of rural households facing diverse shocks. Journal of Rural Studies, 80, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.05.013

Pawlusiński R. (2007). Transport w turystyce, Rodzaje i formy turystyki. W: W. Kurek (red.), Turystyka. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Payne, J. E., Markel, B., Dragičević, D., Lee, J., Isomitdinov, H. (2025). A dynamic factor model of international tourist arrivals. Tourism Economics. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166251382290

Payne, J. E. i Nazlioglu, S. (2023). The permanent or transitory nature of shocks to tourism expenditures and receipts: Evidence from new panel stationarity tests with breaks and factors. Tourism Economics, 29(6), 1518–1532. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166221110988

Pearce, P. L. i Lee, U.-I. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272020

Pew Research Center (2019, January 17). Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/

Pine, B. J. i Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the Experience Economy. Harvard Business Review, July–August, 97–105

Pinheiro, J., Bates D., R Core Team (2024). nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-165. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme

Pohuda, N. V. (2023). The influence of OTA channels on the tourism industry. Вчені записки ТНУ імені В. І. Вернадського. Серія: Економіка і управління, 34(73, 2), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.32782/2523-4803/73-2-8

Pompurová, K., Filieri, R., Medeková, K. (2025). Why, where, and how generations from Baby Boomers to GenZ share eWOM: fresh insights from generational cohort theory. Tourism Recreation Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2025.2528225

Prawira, M. F. A., Ramadhani, I., Audita, V. N., Andrianto, R., Prawira, A. B. A. (2024). Pro-Environmental Behaviour in Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions. Journal of Tourism Sustainability, 4(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.35313/jtospolban.v4i2.137

Prayag, G. i Ryan, C. (2010). The relationship between the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of a tourist destination: The role of nationality – An analytical qualitative research approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(2), 121–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683501003623802

Qiuxia, C., Dongchen, J., Xiaoting, H. (2024). Exploring Senior Tourists’ Technological Experiences: Based on Embodied Cognitive Theory. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2750

Rajguru, N., Shah, H., Shah, J., Aher, A., Shaikh, N. (2023). Implementing AI-Based Comprehensive Web Framework for Tourism. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 312, 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3575-6_67

Ram, Y. i Hall, C. M. (2025). Fifty years for Plog’s psychographic theory: Lessons of replication and validity for tourist behaviour research. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2459815

Rasel, M. A. B., Islam, M. R., Das, P. C., Saini, S. (2025). User Influence, Hashtag Trends, and Engagement Patterns: Analyzing Social Media Network Dynamics in Tourism Using Graph Analytics. Tourism and Hospitality, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6020060

R Core Team (2024). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/

Rico, P., Cabrer-Borrás, B., Morillas-Jurado, F. (2021). Seasonality in tourism: Do senior programs mitigate it? Mathematics, 9(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/math9162003

Ridderstaat, J. (2021). Households’ Net Financial Wealth as a Determinant of Tourism Demand Cycles: Evidence from US Travel to Selected Caribbean Destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 60(3), 564–582. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520925174

Rodríguez, C. M., Rojas-Berrio, S., Robayo-Pinzon, O. (2024). Motivations of backpackers when choosing a tourist destination. W: Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism Contemporary Perspectives and Challenges. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032637778-8

Rodríguez-Antón, J. M. i Alonso-Almeida, M. M. (2020). COVID-19 impacts and recovery strategies: The case of the hospitality industry in Spain. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(20), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208599

Rodríguez-Negrón, M. A., Sosa-Varela, J. C., Santiago-Font, Z. i Flecha-Ortiz, J. A. (2025). Customer journey perspective on tourism service experience. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-12-2024-0346

Ross, G. F. (1993). Tourist motivation among backpacker visitors to the Wet Tropics of Northern Australia. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 1(3), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v01n03_03

Rosselló, J. i Santana-Gallego, M. (2024). The effect of visa types on international tourism. Economic Modelling, 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2024.106757

Rowiński, R., Morgulec-Adamowicz, N., Ogonowska-Slodownik, A., Dąbrowski, A., Geigle, P. R. (2017). Participation in leisure activities and tourism among older people with and without disabilities in Poland. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 73, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARCHGER.2017.07.025

Rumaly, N., Golder, U., Rahman, M. S., Sheikh, M. I., Alam, M. J. (2023). How Do Macroeconomic Stability and Environmental Concerns Affect International Tourism Demand in Bangladesh? Insights from Linear and Nonlinear Approach. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 57(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2023-5703-02

Rusu, I. E., Alexandrescu, A. (2024). Travel Planning Optimization System Employing Genetic Algorithms with Multiple Parameters. 28th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing, ICSTCC 2024-Proceedings, 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSTCC62912.2024.10744666

Ryan, C. (1998). The travel career ladder: An appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 936–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00044-9

Rymkiewicz, B. (2022). Turystyczny fundusz pomocowy-narzędzie wsparcia czy kolejne obciążenie dla branży turystycznej. W: N. Iwaszczuk (red.), Przedsiębiorczość i ryzyko działalności gospodarczej (s. 113–124). Wydawnictwo AGH. e-ISBN: 978-83-67427-03-6

Şanliöz-Özgen, H. K. (2022). Tango or acrobatics: How to capture info groups’ memory. W: G. Aktaş, M. Kozak (red.), International Case Studies in Tourism Marketing (s. 198– 202). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003182856

Šebová, M., Černá, J., Liptáková, E., Mikle, L. (2025). The role of spiritual values in tourism: insights from Slovak tourists. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 59(2), 988–997. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.59242-1474

Seyfi, S., Hall, C. M., Saarinen, J. (2024). Rethinking sustainable substitution between domestic and international tourism: a policy thought experiment. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 16(4), 560–574. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2022.2100410

Sharpley R. (2008). Zarządzanie kryzysowe w turystyce międzynarodowej. W: L. Pender, R. Sharpley (red.), Zarządzanie turystyką. Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne

Shcherbakova, T., Zvezdina, G., Kalinina, E. (2024). Subjective factors of travel activity for the purpose of cultural support of biological diversity for individuals with different success levels. Bio Web of Conferences, 84. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248404040

Sheng, L. (2024). A dynamic programming model for hospitality performance in tourist cities. Argumenta Oeconomica, 53(2), 144–158. https://doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2024.2.10

Semenova, L., Bunakov, O., Puryzhova, L. (2020). Urban parks and their impact on the sustainable development of the tourist area: International experience and prospects of its application in the Kaliningrad region and the Republic of Tatarstan (RF). E3S Web of Conferences, 208. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020805009

Siddharth, M., Raju, C. P. M., Channabasav, D., Damotharan, U., Ajith, S. (2025). Tour Itinerary Planner:A Genetic Algorithm and Clustering Approach for Travel plan and Hotel Recommendation. ACMLC 2024 - 2024 6th Asia Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1145/3690771.3690780

Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015

Silva, C., Marques, J., Abrantes, J. L. (2021). Nature-Based Tourism Travel Planning: A Generational Approach. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 208, 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4256-9_41

Silva, M. J. N. da, Martins da Costa, C. M., de Lemos, F. F., da Costa Guerra, R. J., Gonçalves, E. C. (2025). Strategic Leadership in Tourism and Hospitality: Challenges of Consumerism in Times of Crisis. Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation, 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59325-3_20

Šimková, E. i Holzner, J. (2014). Motivation of tourism participants. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 660–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.455

Smith, K. A. i Garnham, R. (2006). Distribution channels for convention tourism: Association conventions in Wellington, New Zealand. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 8(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1300/J452v08n01_01

Snepenger, D., King, J., Marshall, E. i Uysal, M. (2006). Modeling Iso-Ahola’s motivation theory in the tourism context. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506291592

Soldatenko, D., Zentveld, E. i Morgan, D. (2023). An examination of tourists’ pre-trip motivational model using push–pull theory: Melbourne as a case study. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 9(3), 572–597. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-03-2023-0036

Sotiriadis, M. D. i van Zyl, C. (2013). Electronic word-of-mouth and online reviews in tourism services: The use of twitter by tourists. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 103–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-013-9108-1

Stanimir, A. i Przybysz, K. (2024). Demographic Challenges for the Tourism Industry: The Future of Seniors’ Activities—A Case Study of Poland. Tourism and Hospitality, 5(4), 1456–1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040081

Stanimir, A. i Roszko-Wójtowicz, E. (2024). Sektor turystyczny w Polsce. Ocena – uwarunkowania – perspektywy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. https://doi.org/10.15611/2024.09.2

Stępka, M. (2021). Rezyliencja jako paradygmat bezpieczeństwa w czasach przewlekłych kryzysów. Przegląd Politologiczny, 26(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.2.7

Strasser, H. i Weber, C. (1999). On the asymptotic theory of permutation statistics. (Report No. 27). SFB „Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science”. WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. https://doi.org/10.57938/ff565ba0-aa64-4fe0-a158-86fd331bee78

Strobl, C., Malley, J. i Tutz, G. (2009). An introduction to recursive partitioning: rationale, application, and characteristics of classification and regression trees, bagging, and random forests. Psychological Methods, 14(4), 323–348. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016973

Su, D. N., Johnson, L. W. i O’Mahony, B. (2018). Analysis of push and pull factors in food travel motivation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(5), 572–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1553152

Sulikova, S. i Brand, C. (2021). Investigating what makes people walk or cycle using a socio- ecological approach in seven European cities. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 83, 351–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.10.008

Švagždienė, B., Perkumienė, D., Dagytė, R. (2021). Evaluation of accessible tourism for people with reduced mobility: Experiences and potential barriers. Public Policy and Administration, 20(3), 382–396. https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.PPAA.20.3.27510

Szadziński S. S., 2018, Ekonomika przestrzeni turystycznej. Zarys teorii. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM

Tangeland, T. i Aas, Ø. (2011). Household composition and the importance of experience attributes of nature based tourism activity products – A Norwegian case study of outdoor recreationists. Tourism Management, 32(4), 822–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.07.005

Teng, W., Chen, Y. i Zhang, S. (2025). A Study on Travel Decisions of Potential Adventure Tourists Under Risk Contexts: Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior. Sage Open, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251335806

Thrane, C. (2016). Modelling tourists’ length of stay: A call for a ‘back-to-basic’ approach. Tourism Economics, 22(6), 1352–1366. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0489

Tilly, R., Fischbach, K. i Schoder, D. (2013). Assessing The Potential Of Social Media To Reflect Global Tourism. ECIS 2013 Research in Progress. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2013_rip/17

Tkalec, M. i Vizek, M. (2016). The price tag of tourism: Does tourism activity increase the prices of goods and services? Tourism Economics, 22(1), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0415

Țuclea, C. E., Vrânceanu, D. M., Țigu, G., Diaconescu, M. i Curteanu, O. D. (2024). The influence of mass media on tourist behavior of people living in a country bordering war. Amfiteatru Economic, 26(18, Special Issue), 1193–1207. https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2024/S18/1193

Türkay, O. i Atasoy, B. B. (2021). Global crises and their effects on tourism economy. W: COVID-19 and the Hospitality and Tourism Industry A Research Companion. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376243.00006

Tymoshenko, T., Opanashchuk, Y., Yurchenko, K., Illiashenko, I. i Bogoslavets, O. (2024). Post-conflict revival of tourism: Sustainable models for communities and regions in Ukraine. Multidisciplinary Reviews (7, Special Issue). Malque Publishing. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024spe032

United Nations Statistics Division. (2025). Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49). https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/

UNWTO (2021). www.untourism.int

UNWTO (2023). World Tourism Barometer. UNWTO, 21(4). https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2023-11/UNWTO_Barom23_04_November_EXCERPT_v2.pdf?VersionId=Q3i27HkRVsyU9gSP6yV4NCgxZiPdHIrE

UNWTO (2024a). World Tourism Barometer. UNWTO, Excerpt, 22(1). https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2024-01/UNWTO_Barom24_01_January_Excerpt.pdf

UNWTO (2024b). International Tourism to Reach Pre-Pandemic Levels in 2024. News release, WTO, Madrid. https://pre-webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2024-01/240119-unwto-barometer-international-tourism-to-reach-pre-pandemic-levels-in-2024-en.pdf?VersionId=uLO2pJTBpxMc9X3.ug2ESSOancWxk3.j

Urbańczyk, A. (2020). Dochód jako determinanta zachowań turystycznych pokolenia Z w świetle ekonomicznych teorii. Studia Ekonomiczne, 391, 7–24

Urry, J. (2007). Spojrzenie turysty. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN

Utari, B. A., Arsallia, S., Ramdani, M. A., Rahmafitria, F., Belgiawan, P. F., Dirgahayani, P. i Nasution, R. A. (2024). Tourist destination choice on five priority destinations of Indonesia during health crisis. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100880

Valdez, P. M., Alvarado, T. E. G. i Salazar, O. M. (2024). Adaptive Capacity in the Tourism System: Resilience and Collective Intelligence. W: T. E. González Alvarado, P. C. Lorenzo (red.), Navigating Collective Intelligence for Sustainable Futures (s. 175–194). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7272-2.ch007

Varadzhakova, D. i Naydenov, A. (2024). Does the generation influence domestic leisure tourism practices? The case of Bulgaria. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 53(2), 687–696. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.53232-1244

Vega-Vázquez, M., Rodríguez-Serrano, M. Á., Castellanos-Verdugo, M. i Oviedo-García, M. Á. (2021). The impact of tourism on active and healthy ageing: health-related quality of life. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 13(3), 349–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2020.1837844

Verwaal, E. i Donkers, B. (2003). Customs-related Transaction Costs, Firm Size and International Trade Intensity. Small Business Economics, 21(3), 257–271. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025702520091

Vespestad, M. K. i Mehmetoglu, M. (2017). The interrelationship between personality traits and psychological constraints on adventure activity participation. W: Advances in Hospitality and Leisure (t. 13). https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-354220170000013007

Vila, N. A., Cardoso, L., El Archi, Y. i Brea, J. A. F. (2024). The role of digital technology and sustainable practices in tourists’ decision making. W: Promoting Responsible Tourism with Digital Platforms. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3286-3.ch003

Villamediana-Pedrosa, J. D., Vila-López, N. i Küster-Boluda, I. (2020). Predictors of tourist engagement: Travel motives and tourism destination profiles. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100412

Vincent, C. P. (2018). Amateur versus professional online reviews: Impact on tourists’ intention to visit a destination. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 66(1), 35–51

Wang, Y. (2013). Describing shopping experience with customer journey maps for digital service design (Master’s dissertation). http://www.soberit.hut.fi/T-121/shared/thesis/msc-Yi-Wang.pdf

Wang, J., Liu-Lastres, B., Ritchie, B. W. i Pan, D. Z. (2019). Risk reduction and adventure tourism safety: An extension of the risk perception attitude framework (RPAF). Tourism Management, 74, 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.03.012

Warszyńska J., Jackowski A. (1978). Podstawy geografii turyzmu. PWN

Wawoczny, M. (2021). Bon turystyczny jako forma interwencjonizmu państwowego w pobudzaniu turystyki krajowej w czasie pandemii COVID-19. W: Z. Gródek-Szostak, A. Niemczyk (red.), Wiedza – gospodarka – społeczeństwo. Współczesne wymiary ryzyka w przedsiębiorstwach i jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego (s. 97–105). Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej

Wen, X. (2018). Impact mechanism of tourism risk perception based on psychological theory and brain cognitive science. Neuroquantology, 16(5), 546–552. https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2018.16.5.1382

Weng, Y. (2021). An Empirical Study on the Influence of the Mobile Information System on Sports and Fitness on the Choice of Tourist Destinations. Mobile Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5303590

Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag

Wilopo, W. i Nuralam, I. P. (2025). An investigating the influence of social media marketing activities on revisit intention among Indonesian international tourists. Cogent Business and Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2440626

Winiarski, R. (red.), (2011). Rekreacja i czas wolny. Oficyna Wydawnicza Łośgraf Winiarski, R. i Zdebski, J. (2008). Psychologia turystyki. Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne

World Tourism Organization (2011). Tourism Towards 2030 / Global Overview – Advance edition presented at UNWTO 19th General Assembly – 10 October 2011. UNWTO, Madrid. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284414024

World Tourism Organization (2024). World Tourism Barometer, 22(3), September 2024. UN Tourism, Madrid. https://doi.org/10.18111/wtobarometereng; https://pre-webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2024-09/UNWTO_Barom24_03_Sep_EXCERPT.pdf?VersionId=dZpzCBJfy7zZpRJkFf4A9h6uXKnuuuYC

World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2023a). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2023 – Europe LCU. WTTC, London. https://assets-global.website-files.com/6329bc97af73223b575983ac/647df6373ea1c1794b25c2a1_EIR2023-EuropeLCU.pdf

World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2023b). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2023 – Croatia. WTTC, London. https://assets-global.website-files.com/6329bc97af73223b575983ac/647f15df28bd180788181904_EIR2023-Croatia.pdf

World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2023c). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2023 – Poland. WTTC, London. https://assets-global.website-files.com/6329bc97af73223b575983ac/648b35768ce352d34dafc132_EIR2023-Poland.pdf

World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2023d). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2023 – Europe LCU. WTTC, London. https://assets-global.website-files.com/6329bc97af73223b575983ac/647df6373ea1c1794b25c2a1_EIR2023-EuropeLCU.pdf

World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2025). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2025: Global Trends. WTTC, London. https://www.qualitytravel.it/wp-content/uploads/Travel-Tourism-Economic-Impact-2025-Global-Trends-13.08.2025-2.pdf

Wozniak, T., Schaffner, D., Stanoevska-Slabeva, K. i Lenz-Kesekamp, V. (2018). Psychological antecedents of mobile consumer behaviour and implications for customer journeys in tourism. Information Technology and Tourism, 18(1–4), 85–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-017-0101-8

Wu, J., Font, X. i Liu, J. (2021). Tourists’ Pro-environmental Behaviors: Moral Obligation or Disengagement? Journal of Travel Research, 60(4), 735–748. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520910787

Wu, L., Wang, Z., Liao, Z., Xiao, D., Han, P., Li, W. i Chen, Q. (2024). Multi-day tourism recommendations for urban tourists considering hotel selection: A heuristic optimization approach. Omega, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2024.103048

Wu, Q. M. (2024). The Influence of Online Reviews on the Purchasing Decisions of Travel Consumers. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083213

Xie, H., Costa, C. A. i Morais, D. B. (2008). Gender differences in rural tourists’ motivation and activity participation. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 16(4), 368–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/10507050801951452

Xu, L. i Saphores, J.-D. (2024). Does e-shopping impact household travel? Evidence from the 2017 U.S. NHTS. Journal of Transport Geography, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103827

Yang, C. L. i Nair, V. (2014). Risk perception study in tourism: Are we really measuring perceived risk? Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, 322–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.302

Yang, D. i Timmermans, H. (2011). Effects of energy price fluctuation on car-based individual activity-travel behavior. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 20, 547–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.08.061

Yang, D. i Timmermans, H. (2013). Analysis of influence of fuel price on individual activity-travel time expenditure. Transport Policy, 30, 40–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.08.001

Yang, D. i Timmermans, H. (2014). Effects of fuel price on individual dynamic travel decisions: Binary probit selection model that uses GPS panel data. Transportation Research Record, 2412, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3141/2412-01

Yang, L. i Zhu, Q. (2023). Spatially Heterogeneous Effects of Built Environment on Travel Behavior of Older Adults. Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 58(3), 696–703. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210689

Yanikkaya, H. i Koral, Z. A. (2018). Assessing the determinants of customs-related transaction costs in Turkey. Global Trade and Customs Journal, 13(10), 442–452. https://doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2018048

Yanishevskaya, N., Kuznetsova, L., Zhigalov, A., Parfenov, D. i Bolodurina, I. (2019). Development of an intellectual module for selection of places to travel in the virtual assistant system for planning trips. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1399(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1399/3/033059

Yasnolob, I., Demianenko, N., Galych, O., Gorb, O., Yehorova, O., Lipskyi, R., Borovyk, T., Mykolenko, I. i Protsiuk, N. (2023). Tourism of Ukraine as a Type of Business before and during the War. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 14(2), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.2(66).11

Ye, N., Gao, L., Juan, Z. i Ni, A. (2018). Are people from households with children more likely to travel by car? An empirical investigation of individual travel mode choices in Shanghai, China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124573

Yousaf, A., Amin, I. i Santos, J. A. C. (2018). Tourist’s motivations to travel: A theoretical perspective on the existing literature. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 24(1), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.24.1.8

Yu, F., Huang, Z., Lu, L. i Yin, S. (2016). Characteristics and influence mechanism of rural households’ tourism destination choice behavior in developed regions: A case study of South Jiangsu. Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 71(12), 2233–2249. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201612012

Yucel, A. G. (2021). Are shocks to tourist arrivals permanent or transitory? A comprehensive analysis on the top 20 most-visited countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(16), 2294–2311. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1828311

Zabłocki, M., Branowski, B., Kurczewski, P., Gabryelski, J. i Sydor, M. (2022). Designing Innovative Assistive Technology Devices for Tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114186

Zajadacz, A. (2014). Pokolenia X, Y, Z a fenomen turystyki. W: J. Śledzińska, B. Włodarczyk (red.), Międzypokoleniowe aspekty turystyki (s. 55–67). Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze

Zajadacz, A. (red.), (2021). Uwarunkowania i plany rozwoju turystyki. Zmiany w budżecie czasu wolnego i zachowaniach wolnoczasowych mieszkańców dużych miast w wyniku pandemii COVID-19 (T. XXIII). Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351075422_Zmiany_w_budzecie_czasu_wolnego_i_zachowaniach_wolnoczasowych_mieszkancow_duzych_miast_w_wyniku_pandemii_COVID-19

Zavarika, H. i Zelenko, O. (2024). An Analysis of the Features of the Organisation of Tourist Activities in the Conditions of the War in Ukraine. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne (Special Issue), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.7366/15094995S2409

Zawadka, J. i Gabryjończyk, P. (2025). Tourist Behavior of Seniors in Non-urbanized Areas. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists, 27(1), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.9929

Zeng, B., Yu, T., He, Y. i Wang, J. (2025). Comparative analysis of inbound tourist flows of different groups: the case of Japan. Current Issues in Tourism, 28(3), 376–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2301475

Zhang, H., Jiang, Z., Gao, W. i Yang, C. (2022). Time-varying impact of economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk on tourist arrivals: Evidence from a developing country. Tourism Management Perspectives, 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100928

Zhang, J., Wang, F., Shao, C. i Mi, X. (2020). Structural equation modelling of household long-distance flexible travel behavior. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 15(4), 461–467. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150406

Zheng, C., Sun, X. i Wandelt, S. (2025). On the success of visa waiver policies: Post-pandemic evidence from China. Transport Policy, 171, 753–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.06.002

Zhu, H. i Deng, F. (2020). How to influence rural tourism intention by risk knowledge during COVID-19 containment in China: Mediating role of risk perception and attitude. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103514

Zhu, J., Cheng, M. i Wang, Y. (2024). What makes people recommend Airbnb Online Experiences: the moderating effect of host. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(14), 2250–2267. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2224958

Zong, C. L. i Wang, L. (2018). Study on the relationship between per capita tourism expenditure and disposable income of urban residents–Empirical analysis based on VAR model. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 21(5), 1333–1338. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2018.1498049

Żabińska T. (1994) Zachowania turystyczne w gospodarstwach domowych. Akademia Ekonomiczna im. Karola Adamieckiego