Jastrzębie, onagry pustyni, wilki Arabii. Sąsiedzi cesarstwa wschodniorzymskiego z Półwyspu Arabskiego i ich wizerunek w źródłach. Okres przedislamski : Nr XLII

Teresa Wolińska

doi:10.18778/8331-073-2

Słowa kluczowe: Arabowie, stereotypy, wizerunek, cesarstwo rzymskie, Bizancjum, historiografia

Opublikowane: 29 czerwca 2023

Kategorie: Historia, Otwarty dostęp

Pliki do pobrania

PDF

Książka poświęcona została kształtowaniu się i ewolucji wizerunku mieszkańców Arabii w źródłach starożytnych i wczesnośredniowiecznych. Punktem wyjścia dla Autorki jest próba ustalenia, jaki obszar był w omawianej epoce traktowany jako Arabia, które etnosy uznawano za arabskie i jakimi nazwami je określano.

Drugą część monografii otwiera rozdział na temat źródeł wiedzy Greków i Rzymian o Arabii i jej mieszkańcach. Następnie zaprezentowane zostały państwa i plemiona uznawane (słusznie lub nie) przez autorów starożytnych za arabskie oraz opinie tych ostatnich na temat mieszkańców Półwyspu Arabskiego. Autorka stara się wyjaśnić, z jakimi grupami plemiennymi i w jakich okolicznościach Grecy i Rzymianie utrzymywali kontakty i w jaki sposób płynęło to na sposób, w jaki postrzegali swych arabskich sąsiadów.

Powyższe ustalenia stanowią bazę dla trzeciej części książki, poświęconej wizerunkowi Arabów w źródłach późnoantycznych i wczesnobizantyńskich. Nakreśliwszy przemiany sytuacji geopolitycznej w pierwszych wiekach naszej ery Autorka prezentuje kształtowanie się nowej sieci sojuszy ówczesnych mocarstw – cesarstwa wschodniorzymskiego (bizantyńskiego) i imperium perskiego – z plemionami arabskimi. Sporo uwagi poświęca kwestiom religijnym, wskazując na współistnienie wierzeń pogańskich, judaizmu i różnych nurtów chrześcijaństwa na Półwyspie Arabskim przed islamem. W obszernym rozdziale omawia wizerunek jego mieszkańców w różnojęzycznych tekstach autorów piszących w cesarstwie bizantyńskim. Wskazuje na trwałość niektórych opinii, mających często charakter stereotypów i powielanych przez Bizantyńczyków w ślad za autorami antycznymi, ale też na odmienne spojrzenie na arabskich sąsiadów, będące wynikiem chrystianizacji wielu spośród nich. Książkę uzupełniają biogramy wybranych przywódców arabskich.

Niniejsza książka powstała w ramach projektu sfinansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki, przyznanych na podstawie decyzji nr DEC-2016/23/B/HS3/01891 (Mahomet i narodziny islamu – stereotypy, wiedza i wyobrażenia w kręgu kultury bizantyńsko-ruskiej)

Achilles Tatius, Erotici Scriptores Graeci, vol 1, ed. R. Hercher, Leipzig 1858.

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0665%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D6

Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Clitophon, with English transl. S. Gaselee, London 1917 (1969).

http://mercure.fltr.ucl.ac.be/Hodoi/concordances/intro.htm#ACHILLES%20TATIUS

Agapius, Kitāb al-ʿunwān, ed. and transl. A.A. Vasiliev, [in:] PO 5, 7, 8, 11, Paris 1910–1912.

Agathangelos, History of the Armenians. Translation and Commentary R.W. Thomson, Albany 1976.(przekład red. armeńskiej)

Agathangelos, La version grecque ancienne du livre arménien d’Agathange, ed. G. Lafontaine, Louvain 1973.

Agatharchides of Cnidus on the Erythraean Sea, ed. and transl. S.M. Burstein, London 1989.

Agatarchides z Knidos, Dzieje. O Azji i O Europie. Fragmenty historii powszechnej. O Morzu Czerwonym. Traktat historyczny o krajach południa, przeł. G. Malinowski, Wrocław 2007, s. 351–711.

Agathiae Myrinaei Historiarum libri quinque, ed. R. Keydell, Berlin 1967.

Akta św. Gregencjusza, Fragments from the Life of Gregentius, [in:] V. Christides, Himyarite-Ethiopian War and the Ethiopian Occupation of South Arabia in the Acts of Gregentius (ca. 530 A.D.), AEt 9, 1972, s. 136–139.

Ammiani Marcellini Rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt, eds. W. Seyfarth, L. Jacob-Karau, I. Ulmann, vol. I–II. Leipzig 1978 [= 1999].

Ammianus Marcellinus. With English Translation by J.C. Rolfe, vol. I–III, Cambridge, MA. 1956–1958, dostępny online: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ammian/home.html

Ammianus Marcellinus, Dzieje rzymskie, t. I–II, przełożył, wstępem i przypisami opatrzył I. Lewandowski, Warszawa 2001–2002.

Ammonius Monachus, Relatio [aram.], ed., transl. Ch. Müller-Kessler, M. Sokoloff, [in:] The Forty Martyrs of the Sinai Desert, Eulogios, The Stone-Cutter, and Anastasia, Groningen 1996, s. 9–69.

Ammonius Monachus, Relatio [gr.], ed. F. Combefis, [in:] Illustrium Christi Martyrum Lecti Triumphi, Paris 1660, s. 88–132.

Άμμωνίου μοναχου, Διήγησις περί τώv ἀvαιρεθέvτωv ὑπὸ τῶv βαρβάρων έv τῶ ὄρους Σινᾶ καί τῆς῾Ραϊθου, [in:] Το μαρτυρολόγιον τοῦ Σινᾶ, ed. D.G. Tsames, K.G. Katsanes, Thessaloniki 2003, s. 288–331.

Ammonius Monachus, Relatio, [in:] History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, Including Translations of Pseudo-Nilus’ “Narrations,” Ammonius’ “Report on the Slaughter of the Monks of Sinai and Rhaithou,” and Anastasius of Sinai’s “Tales of the Sinai fathers”, transl. D.F. Caner, with S. Brock, R.M. Price, and K. van Bladel, Liverpool 2010, s. 149–71.

Anastazjusz, Narrationes, Kolekcja I: Anastasius of Sinai, Diēgēseis diaphoroi peri tōn en Sina hagiōn paterōn. Le texte grec des récits du moine Anastase sur les saints pères du Sinaï, ed. F. Nau, OChr 2, 1902, s. 58–89 (tekst); Les récits inédits du moine Anastase. Contribution à l’histoire du Sinaï au commencement du VIIe siècle, tłum. F. Nau, OChr 3, 1903, s. 1–151 (przekład).

Anastazjusz, Narrationes, Kolekcja II: Le texte grec des récits utiles à l’âme d’Anastase (le Sinaïte), ed. F. Nau, OChr 3, 1903, s. 56–90.

Anastazjusz, Narrationes, Cała edycja F. Nau dostępna on-line po adresem https://archive.org/details/RcitsDAnastaseNauFrancoGrec19021903_201306

Anastazjusz, Narrationes, Kolekcja III: Die C-Reihe erbaulicher Erzählungen des Anastasios vom Sinai im Codex Vaticanus Graecus 2592, ed., transl. S. Heid, OCP 74.1, 2008, s. 71–114.

Flusin B., L’Esplanade du Temple à l’arrivée des Arabes, d’après deux récits byzantins, [in:] Bayt al Maqdis. ʿAbd al-Malik’s Jerusalem, eds. J. Raby, J. Johns, Oxford 1992, s. 17–31.

Flusin B., Démons et Sarrasins. L’auteur et le propos des Diègèmata stèriktika d’Anastase le Sinaïte, TM 11, 1991, s. 381–409.

Anastasius of Sinai, Narrationes, transl. D. Caner, [in:] History and Hagiography from the Late-Antique Sinai, Liverpool 2010, s. 174–199.

Antoninus Placentinus, Itinerarium, ed. P. Geyer, [in:] Itineraria et alia geographica, Turnhout 1965.

Anonim z Piacenzy, Opis pielgrzymki do Ziemi Świętej, [in:] Do Ziemi Świętej. Najstarsze opisy pielgrzymek do Ziemi Świętej (IV–VIII w.), wybór, wstęp, opracowanie P. Iwaszkiewicz, przedmowa M. Starowieyski, Kraków 1994, s. 231–273.

Anonymus qui Dionis Cassii historias continuavit Fragmenta, ed. C. Müller, [in:] FHG, t. IV, Parisiis 1868, s. 191–199.

Excerpta Valesiana, ed. J. Moreau, Lipsiae 1961.

Excerpta Valesiana, transl. J.C. Rolfe, [in:] Ammianus Marcellinus. With an English Translation by J.C. Rolfe, vol. III, Cambridge, MA. 1958, s. 506–569.

Origo Constantini imperatoris sive Anonymi Valesiani pars prior; Anonymi Valesiani pars posterior, [in:] Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, vol. IX: Chronica minora saec. IV. V. VI. VII., vol. I., Berlin, 1892, s. 1–11, 259, 306–328.

Excerpta Valesiana (Anonymus Valesianus), przeł. i oprac. L. Winniczuk, M 17, 1962, s. 163–172, 327–337.

Antonius, The Live of Symeon Stylites, transl. and introd. R. Doran, Kalamazoo1992.

Appian, Historia Romana, eds. P. Viereck, A.G. Roos, corr. E. Gabba, Lipsiae 1962.

Appiani Historia Romana, ed. L. Mendelssohn, Lipsiae 1879–1881.

Appian, Historia rzymska, https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Appian/home.html

Appian, Civil Wars, [in:] Appian, Roman History, transl. H. White, vol. III–IV, Cambridge, MA. 1961.

Arethas’s Letter to the Emir at Damascus, transl. P. Karlyn-Hayter, B 29–30, 1959/1960, s. 293–302.

A. Abel, La lettre polemique d’Arethas al’emir a Damas, B 24, 1954, s. 355–370.

Flavii Arriani quae exstant omnia, ed. A.G. Roos, vol. II, Scripta minor et fragmenta, Leipzig 1968.

Fl. Arrian, Opis Indii, cap. XIII-XXXII, przeł. H. Gesztoft, M 49. 3/4, 1994, s. 183–195; 5/6, s. 291–302; 7/8, s. 399-406.

Arrian, Flavii Arriani quae exstant omnia, ed. A.G. Roos, vol. I, Alexandri Anabasis, Leipzig 1967.

Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, transl. P.A. Brunt, vol. I–II, Cambridge, MA 1976–1983.

Flawiusz Arrian, Wyprawa Aleksandra Wielkiego, przeł. Helena Gesztoft-Gasztold, wstęp i kom. J. Wolski, Wrocław 2004.

Aristobulos, ed. F. Jacoby, [in:] FGrHist, t. II.B.1, nr 139, s. 769–798.

Aristobulos, Fragmenta, ed. C. Müller, [in:] FHG, t. IV, Parisiis 1868, s. 328–329.

Αristotelis, Historia Animalium, ed. I. Bekker, Οxonii 1937.

Arystoteles, Zoologia. Historia Animalium, przeł. P. Siwek, Warszawa 1982.

Athanasius, Historia arianorum ad monachos, ed. H.G. Opitz, Berlin 1940.

Atanazy Wielki, Historia arian spisana dla mnichów, wprowadzenie, tłumaczenie, przypisy E. Dusik-Krupa, Kraków 2018.

S. Aurelius Victor, Die Römischen Kaiser. Liber de caesaribus. Lateinisch-deutsch, Herausgegeben, übersetzt und erläutert von K. Groß-Albenhausen, M. Fuhrmann, Darmstadt 1997.

Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus, transl. H.W. Bird, Liverpool 1994.

Al-Balādhurī, The Origins of the Islamic State, transl. Ph. Hitti, New York 1916.

al-Balʿamī, Chronique de al-Tabari traduite sur la version Persane, transl. H. Zotenberg, Paris 1958.

The Chronography of Gregory Abu′l Faraj, Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus, transl. E.W. Budge, Oxford 1932.

Gregorii Barhebraei Chronicon Ecclesiasticum, eds. J.B. Abbeloos, Th.J. Lamy, Lovanii 1872.

Bardaiṣan of Edessa, The Book of the Laws of the Countries: Dialogue on Fate of Bardaiṣan of Edessa, ed. and transl. H.J.W. Drijvers, Assen 1965.

Bardesanes, Liber legum regionum, ed. Th. Nöldeke, trad. F. Nau, [in:] Patrologia syriaca, vol. I.2, Paris 1907.

Appendice au Synode de Barşauma, ed. J.B. Chabot, [in:] Synodicon orientale ou Recueil de synodes néstoriens, Paris 1902, s. 525–539.

Biblia Tysiąclecia Online, Poznań 2003, http://biblia.deon.pl/menu.php?st_id=1 [dostęp: 3.12.2021].

The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New Revised Standard Version. With The Apocrypha. An Ecumenical Study Bible. Fully Revised Fourth Edition, eds. M.D. Coogan, M.Z. Brettler, C.A. Newsom, Ph. Perkins, Oxford–New York 2010.

al-Bīrūnī, Chronology of Ancient Nations (Kitāb al-Āṯār al-bāqiya), transl. C.E. Sachau, London 1879.

al-Bīrūnī, India, vol. I–II, transl. E.C. Sachau, London 1910.

Bellum Alexandrinum, ed. R. Schneider, Berlin 1888.

Codex Justinianus, ed. P. Krueger, Berlin 1915 [= Corpus Iuris Civilis, t. 2].

The Codex of Justinian. A New Annotated Translation, with Parallel Latin and Greek Text, Based on a Translation by J.F.H. Blume, vol. I, Introductory Matter and Books I-III, vol. II, Books IV-VII, vol. III, Books VIII-XII, ed. B.W. Frier, Cambridge 2016.

Theodosiani libri XVI cum constitutionibus Sirmondianis et Leges novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes, ed. Th. Mommsen, P.M. Meyer, Bd I–II, Berlin 1905, online: https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Codex_Theod.htm

The Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions. A Translation with Commentary, Glossary, and Bibliography, transl. C. Pharr, London 1952.

Choricius Gazaeus, Opera, eds. R. Foerster, E. Richtsteig, Leipzig 1929 [= Stuttgart 1972].

Cicero, Letters to Friends, transl. D.R. Shackleton-Bailey, vol. I–III, Cambridge, MA. 2001.

Kyrillos von Scythopolis, Vita Abramii, [in:] Vitae monachorum Palestinensium, ed. E. Schwartz, Lipsiae 1939, s. 243–247.

Cyril of Scythopolis, The Lives of the Monks of Palestine, transl. R.M. Price with introd. and notes by J. Binns, Kalamazoo 1991, s. 273–281.

Kyrillos von Scythopolis, Vita Euthymii, [in:] Vitae monachorum Palestinensium, ed. E. Schwartz, Leipzig 1939, s. 3–85.

Cyril of Scythopolis, The Lives of the Monks of Palestine, transl. R.M. Price with introd. and notes by J. Binns, Kalamazoo 1991, s. 1–92 .

Kyrillos von Scythopolis, Vita Iohannis, [in:] Vitae monachorum Palestinensium, ed. E. Schwartz, Leipzig 1939, s. 201–221.

Cyril of Scythopolis, The Lives of the Monks of Palestine, transl. R.M. Price with introd. and notes by J. Binns, Kalamazoo 1991, s. 220–244.

Kyrillos von Scythopolis, Vita Sabae, [in:] Vitae monachorum Palestinensium, ed. E. Schwartz, Leipzig 1939, s. 85–200.

Cyril of Scythopolis, The Lives of the Monks of Palestine, transl. R.M. Price with introd. and notes by J. Binns, Kalamazoo 1991, s. 93–219.

Denha, Histoire de Maruta, trad. F. Nau, [in:] PO 3, Paris 1909, s. 52–96.

Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, transl. R.M. Geer, C.H. Oldfather, C.L. Sherman, F.R. Walton, and C.B. Welles, 12 vols., Cambridge, MA. 1933–1967, dostępny online: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html

Diodor Sycylijski, O Agatoklesie i Antygonie Jednookim, red. S. Dworacki, przeł. T. Polański, kom. L. Mrozewicz, Poznań 2019, s. 7–10.

Diodor Sycylijski, Assyriaka et Indika, Starożytności asyryjskie i indyjskie, przeł. M. Wróbel, Poznań 2017.

Pedanii Dioscuridis Anazarbei De materia medica libri quinque, ed. Max Wellmann, t. I–III, Berolini 1906–1914.

Documenta ad origines Monophysitarum illustrandas, ed. J.-B. Chabot, CSCO 17, Scriptores Syri, t. 37, Paris 1907 (tekst oryg.); CSCO 103, Scriptores Syri, t. 52, Paris 1933 (przekład).

Dodgeon M.H., S.N.C. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226–363). A Documentary History, London–New York 2005.

Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, eds., transl. A.J. Sachs, H. Hunger, vol. I–VI, Vienna 1988–2006.

Juba von Mauretanien, [in:] FGrHist, ed. F. Jacoby, t. III.A.1, Leiden 1964, nr 275, s. 127–155.

Egeria, Itinerarium ad loca sancta, ed. P. Geyer, [in:] Itineraria et alia geographica, Turnhout 1965.

Do Ziemi Świętej. Najstarsze opisy pielgrzymek do Ziemi Świętej (IV-VIII w.), wstęp M. Starowieyski, przeł. P. Iwaszkiewicz, Kraków 1994, s. 135–229.

Elogium Joannis Moschii, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PL 74, koll. 119–122.

Ennodius, Panegyricus 78, ed. Ch. Rohr, Der Theoderich-Panegyricus des Ennodius. Überlieferungs- und Wirkungsgeschichte – Allgemeine Einführung – Edition – Übersetzung – Erläuterungen, Wien 1994.

Ennodius, Panegyric to Theoderic the Great, transl. and comm. B.S. Haase, MA Thesis, University of Ottawa 1981.

Epiphanius, Ancoratus und Panarion, hrsg. v. K. Holl, Bd I–II, Leipzig 1915–1922; Bd. III, hrsg. v. H. Lietzmann, Leipzig 1933; tekst grecki dostępny online: http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/panariog.htm

The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, transl. F. Williams, Book I (Sects 1–46) – Book II and III (Sects 47–80, De Fide), Leiden 1987–1993.

Epifaniusz z Salaminy, Panarion, herezje 1–33, tekst grecki i polski, przeł. M. Gilski, oprac. tekstu greckiego i komentarz polski A. Baron, Kraków 2015; część 2 Herezje 34–46, tekst grecki i polski, przeł M. Gilski, M. Piątek, oprac. tekstu greckiego i komentarz A. Baron, Kraków 2021.

Eratosthenes, Geographika, [in:] Eratosthenes’ Geography. Fragments Collected and Translated with Commentary and Additional Material, transl. and comm. D. W. Roller, Princeton–Oxford 2010, s. 41–110.

Eutropius, Breviarium ab Urbe condita, Ediert, übersetzt und kommentiert von B. Bleckmann, J. Gross, Leiden 2018.

Eusebius, Life of Constantine, transl. and comm. A. Cameron and S. Hall, Oxford 1999.

Eusèbe de Césarée, Histoire ecclésiastique, ed. G. Bardy, t. I–III, Paris 1952–1960.

Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, vol. I–II, transl. K. Lake, Cambridge 1932.

Eusebii Pamphili Evangelicae praeparationis libri XV, ed. H. Gifford, t. I, Oxonii 1903.

Eusebius–Hieronymus, Chronicon, ed. R. Helm, Eusebius Werke, t. 7: Eusebii Chronicon: Hieronymi continuatio, 2nd ed., Berlin 1956.

Saint Jérôme Chronique (continuation de la Chronique d’Eusèbe, années 326–378), ed. B. Jeanjean, B. Lançon, Rennes 2004, s. 75–111; dostępna online https://books.openedition.org/pur/11668

Eusebii Pamphilii episcopi Caesariensis Onomasticon urbium et locorum Sacrae Scripturae, ed. F. Larsow, G. Parthey, Berolini 1862.

Angielski przekład dostępny on-line https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_onomasticon_02_trans.htm

Eusebius, Onomasticon, ed. R.S. Notley, Leiden 2004.

Eutropii Breviarium ab urbe condita, ed. C. Santini, Leipzig 1979.

https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/eutropius.html

The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius with scholia. Edited with introduction, critical notes, and indices by J. Bidez and L. Parmentier, London 1868.

The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus. Translated with an introduction by M. Whitby, Liverpool 2000.

Expositio totus mundi et gentium, red. J. Rougé, Paris 1966.

Babrius and Phaedrus, ed. B. Perry, Cambridge 1990.

Aesop’s Fables, A new translation by L. Gibbs, Oxford 2002, online: http://www.mythfolklore.net/aesopica/babrius/

Ibn Balḫi, Fars Nāme, eds. G. Le Strange, R.A. Nicholson, Cambridge 1921.

Philostorgius, Kirchengeschichte. Mit dem Leben des Lucian on Antiochien und den Fragmenten eines arianischen Historiographen, wyd. J. Bidez, F. Winkelmann, Berlin 1981.

Philostorgius, Church History, transl. with introd. and notes P.R. Amidon, Leiden 2007.

Festus, Breviarium rerum gestarum populi Romani, ed. J. W. Eadie, London 1967.

Festus, Breviarium of the Accomplishments of the Roman People, transl. T. Banchich, J. Meka, Buffalo 2001, dostępny online: http://www.roman-emperors.org/festus.htm

Philon d’Alexandrie, Les œuvres de Philon d’Alexandrie: De virtutibus (de fortitudine, de humanitate, de paenitentia, de nobilitate, eds. R. Arnaldez, A.-M. Vérilhac, M.-R. Servel, P. Delobre, Paris 1961.

Firdausi, Shahnama, transl. A.G. Warner, E. Warner, vol. I–VI, London 1912.

Fizjolog, przeł. K. Jażdżewska, Warszawa 2003.

Fizjolog i Aviarium, przeł. i opracował S. Kobielus, Tyniec 2005.

Phlegon von Tralles, [in:] FrGrHist, ed. F. Jacoby, t. II.B.1, nr 257, Leiden 1962, s. 1159–1194.

Phlegon Trallianus, Fragmenta, ed. C. Müller, [in:] FHG, t. III, Paris 1883, s. 602–625 [repr. Frankfurt am Main 1975].

Photius, Bibliotheque, ed. R. Henry, t. I–VIII, Paris 1959–1977.

Focjusz, Biblioteka, tłum. O. Jurewicz, t. I–V, Warszawa 1986–1999.

Iuli Frontini Strategematon libri quattuor, edidit G. Gundermann, Lipsiae 1888.

Frontyn, Podstępy wojenne, przełożył, wstępem i przypisami opatrzył B. Burliga, Wrocław 2016.

Apoftegmaty Ojców pustyni, t. I, Gerontikon. Księga Starców, przeł. M. Borkowska, Tyniec 2007.

Gilgamesz. Epos starożytnego dwurzecza, przeł. R. Stiller, Warszawa 1980.

Epos o Gilgameszu (ša naqba imuru), przeł. A. Tronina, Kraków 2017.

Glaukos, [in:] FGrHist, ed. F. Jacoby, no 674, t. III.C.1, nr 674, Leiden 1958, s. 338–339.

G. Greatrex, S.N.C. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Part II, AD 363–630. A Narrative Sourcebook, London 2002.

S. Gregentius Tapharensis, Disputatio cum Hebrano judeo, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PG 86.1, kol. 621–786.

S. Gregentius Tapharensis, Homeritarum Leges, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PG 86.1, kol. 567–620.

S. Gregorii Magni Registrum epistularum, t. I–II, ed. D. Nordberg, Turnholti 1982.

Grzegorz Wielki, Listy, przekład polski: Grzegorz Wielki, Listy, przel. J. Czuj, t. I–IV, Warszawa 1954.

Moralia sive Expositio in Iob, ed. M. Adriaen, t. I–III, Turnholti 1979–1985.

Gregory of Tours, Historia Francorum, ed. B. Krusch, Hanover 1965.

Grzegorz z Tours, Historie. Historia Franków, przeł. K. Liman, T. Richter, wst., opr., kom. D.A. Sikorski, Kraków–Tyniec 2002

Ḥamza al-Iṣfahānī, Taʾrīḫ sinī mulūk al-arḍ wa al-anbiyāʾ, ed. I.M.E. Gottwaldt, Leipzig 1844.

Hamza al-Isfahani, [in:] The ‘History of the Kings of the Persians’ in Three Arabic Chronicles. The Transmission of the Iranian Past from Late Antiquity to Early Islam, transl., comm. R.G. Hoyland, Liverpool 2018, s. 25–78.

Herodian, History of the Empire, transl. C.R. Whittaker, vol. I–II, Cambridge, MA. 1969–1970.

Herodian, History of the Roman Empire from the death of Marcus Aurelius to the accession of Gordian III, transl. E.C. Nichols, Berkeley–Los Angeles 1961.

Herodotus. With an English translation by A. D. Godley, t. I–IV, Cambridge 1920–1969. Dostępny online na https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0125 i na https://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hh/hh3090.htm

Hieronymus, Commentarius in Hiezechielem, ed. F. Glorie, [in:] Opera, part 1, Opera Exegetica, vol. IV, Turnhout 1964.

Hieronymus, Commentarii in Isaiam, ed. M. Adriaen, Turnhout 1963.

Hieronymus, In Hieremiam Prophetam, ed. S. Reiter, Vindobonae–Lipsiae 1913.

Hieronymus, Epistulae, ed. Hilberg, t. I–V, Vindobonnae–Lipsiae 1910–1996.

Epistolae S. Hieronymi, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PL 22, koll. 325–1182.

Hieronymus, Adversus Jovinianum Libri Duo, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PL, t. 23, koll. 205–384.

Jerome, Trois vies de moines. Paul, Malchus, Hilarion, ed. et trad. P. LeClerc, intr. E. Morales, Paris 2007, s. 213–302.

Hieronim, Żywot św. Hilariona, [in:] Idem, Żywoty mnichów Pawła, Hilariona, Malchusa, przeł. B. Degórski, Kraków 1995, s. 113–171.

Jerome, Trois vies de moines. Paul, Malchus, Hilarion, ed. et trad. P. LeClerc, intr. E. Morales, Paris 2007, s. 185–212.

Hieronim, Żywot Malchusa-Mnicha wziętego do niewoli, [in:] Idem, Żywoty mnichów Pawła, Hilariona, Malchusa, przeł. B. Degórski, Kraków 1995, s. 173–196.

Jerome, Trois vies de moines. Paul, Malchus, Hilarion, ed. et trad. P. LeClerc, intr. E. Morales, Paris. 2007, s. 145– 184.

Hieronim, Żywot św. Pawła Tebańskiego Pustelnika, [in:] Idem, Żywoty mnichów Pawła, Hilariona, Malchusa, przeł. B. Degórski, Kraków 1995, s. 87–112.

Hilaire de Poitiers, Tractatus super Psalmos, III, In Psalmos CXIX-CL, eds. J. Doignon, R. Demeleunaere, Turnhout 2009.

Histoire de Mar Ahoudemmeh, éd. et trad. F. Nau, [in:] Histoire d’Ahoudommeh et de Marouta, métropolitains jacobites de Tagrit et de l’Orient (VIe et VIIe siècles), PO t. 3.1, Paris 1905 [reed. Turnhout 1982], s. 7–51.

The ‘History of the Kings of the Persians’ in Three Arabic Chronicles. The Transmission of the Iranian Past from Late Antiquity to Early Islam, transl. and comm R.G. Hoyland, Liverpool 2018.

Horace, The Odes and Epodes, ed. with an English transl. C. E. Bennett, London–New York 1925.

Muḥammad Ibn Ḥabîb, Kitâb al-Muḥabbar, ed. I. Lichtenstädter, Hyderabad 1942.

Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, A Translation of Ibn Ishaq’s Sirat rasul Allah, transl. A. Guillaume, London 1955.

lbn Hishām, The Life of Muhammad, transl. A. Guillaume, London 1955.

Ibn Kaṯīr, Les histoires des prophètes, Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā’, przeł. H. Boutaeb, Paris 2015.

Isadore of Charax, Parthian Stations, transl. W.H. Schoff, Philadelphia 1914.

Iszojab III, Listy, Ishoʿyahb Patriarchae III liber epistularum, ed. et trad. R. Duval, vol. I, CSCO 11, Scriptores Syri, ser. 2, t. 64, Paris 1904, s. 93–97, 247–55, 262–70 (edycja), vol II, CSCO 11, Scriptores Syri Versio, ser.2, t. 64, Paris 1905, s. 93–97, 247–55, 262–70 (przekład łaciński).

Iszojab III, Listy, Przekład 3 listów: M.Ph. Penn, When Christians First Met Muslims: A Sourcebook of the Earliest Syriac Writings on Islam, Oakland 2015, s. 32–36.

Carmen de expugnatione Betchur urbis; Carmen alterum de expugnatione Betchur urbis, [in:] Isaaci Antiocheni opera omnia, ed. G. Bickell, Gisen 1873, s. 207–249.

Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX, ed. W.M. Lindsay, t. Ι–ΙΙ, Oxonii 1911.

Jacques de Saroug, Sur le chute des idoles, ed., transl. P. Martin, Discource of the Jacques de Saroug sur le chute des idoles, ZDMG 29, 1876, s. 107–147.

Al-Yaʿqūbī, The History (Taʾrīkh), [in:] The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī, An EnglishTranslation, t. II, eds. M.S. Gordon, Ch.F. Robinson, E.K. Rowson, M. Fishbein, Leiden–Boston 2018.

D.J. Sahas, John od Damascus on Islam: the “Heresy of the Ishmailites”, Leyde 1972.

R. LeCoz, Écrits sur l’Islam, Paris 1992.

Jan Damasceński, Dialektyka albo rozdziały fiozofizne. O herezjach, tłum. A. Zhyrkova, Kraków 2011.

Jan Diakrinomenos, ed. G.H. Hansen, [in:] Theodoros Anagnostes, Kirchengeschichte, Berlin 1995.

Historie Kościoła Jana Diakrinomenosa i Teodora Lektora, przeł. R. Kosiński, A. Szopa, K. Twardowska, Kraków 2019.

Iohannis Ephesini Historiae ecclesiasticae pars tertia, ed. and transl. E.W. Brooks, vol. I–II, Paris 1935–1936.

http//www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#John_of_Ephesus

John of Ephesus, The Third Part of the Ecclesiastical History of John, Bishop of Ephesus, transl. W. Cureton, Piscataway 2010.

John of Ephesus, The Life of Simeon the Bishop, [in:] Iohannis Ephesini Lives of the Eastern Saints, part I, ed. and transl. E.W. Brooks, PO 17, Paris 1923, s. 137–158.

Lives of Five Patriarchs, [in:] Iohannis Ephesini Lives of the Eastern Saints, part II, ed. and transl. E.W. Brooks, PO 18, Paris 1925, s. 684–689.

Ioannis Antiocheni fragmenta quae supersunt, ed. S. Mariev, Berlin–New York 2008.

Ioannis Antiocheni Fragmenta ex Historia chronica. Introduzione, edizione critica e traduzione. Texte und Untersuchungen zur R. Umberto, Berlin–New York 2005.

The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, transl. from Zotenberg’s Ethiopic Text R.H. Charles, London 1916.

Jean Cassien, Conférences, ed. and transl. E. Pichery, t. I–III, Paris 1955–1959.

Jan Kasjan, Rozmowy z ojcami, przeł. A. Nocoń, t. I–III, Kraków 2002–2017.

Ioannes Malalas, Chronographia, rec. J. Thurn, Berlin–New York 2000.

The Chronicle of John Malalas, transl. E. Jeffeys, M. Jeffeys, R. Scott, with B. Croke, J. Ferber, S. Franklin, A. James, D. Kelly, A. Mofftt, and A. Nixon, Melbourne 1986.

Ioannes Lydus, De Mensibus, ed. R. Wuensch, Leipzig 1898.

Ioannes Moschus, Pratum spirituale, ed. J.-P. Migne, PG 87.3, kol. 2847–3116.

Jean Moschus, Le Pré Spirituel, trad. M.-J. de Journel, Paris 1946.

John Moschus, The Spiritual Meadow, transl. J. Wortley, Kalamazoo 1992.

John Moschos, The Spiritual Meadow, dostępny on-line http://www.vitae-patrum.org.uk/page141.html

Chronicon Jacobi Edesseni, ed. E.W. Brooks, [in:] Chronica minora III, CSCO 5, SSyr. 5; Paris 1905, s. 261–330 (text); CSCO 6, SSyr. 6, Paris 1905, s. 199–258 (transl.).

Georgii Syncelli Ecloga chronographica, ed. A.A. Mosshaimmer, Leipzig 1984, https://archive.org/details/georgiisyncellie0000geor/page/n555/mode/2up

Georgius Syncellus et Nicephorus Cp., t. I–II, ed. W. Dindorf, Bonn 1829.

The Chronography of George Synkellos. A Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation, translated with introduction and notes W. Adler, P. Tuffin, Oxford 2002.

Jordanes, Getica, ed. T. Mommsen, [in:] MGH AA, t. V.1, Berlin 1882, s. 53–138.

Historia Romana, ed. T. Mommsen, [in:] MGH AA, t. V.1, Berlin 1882, s. 1–52.

Josephus, Antiquitatum Judaicarum epitome, ed. B. Niese, t. I–IV, Berolini 1885–1892.

Josephus, Judaean Antiquities, transl. R. Marcus, H.St. J. Thackeray; L.H. Feldman; A.P. Wikgren, London 1961–1965.

Józef Flawiusz, Dawne dzieje Izraela, t. I–II, przeł. Z. Kubiak, J. Radożycki, Warszawa 1993 [reed. 2001].

Josephus, The Jewish War, transl. H.St. J. Thackeray, London 1956–1961.

Józef Flawiusz, Wojna żydowska, przeł., wstępem i komentarzem opatrzył J. Radożycki, Warszawa 1992.

Imp. Caesaris Flavii Claudii Iuliani Epistulae, leges, poematia, fragmenta varia, eds. L. Bidez, F. Cumont, Paris–London 1922.

Julian Apostata, Listy, przeł. W. Klinger, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków 1962.

The Works of the Emperor Julian, ed. et transl. W.C. Wright, vol. I, The Orations of Julian, Cambridge 1913.

Julian, Oeuvres complètes, ed., transl. J. Bidez, Ch. Lacombrade, t. I–II, Paris 1924–1964.

Justyn/Trogus [Junianus Justyn], Epitoma Historiarum Philippicarum, ed. et transl. M.-P. Arnaud-Lindet, Paris 2003.

Marcus Junianus Justinus Abrégé des Histoires Philippiques de Trogue Pompée, texte établi et traduit par M.-P. Arnaud-Lindet – dostępny online: http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/justin/index.html

M. Junianus Justinus, Historiarvm Philippicarvm T.Pompeii Trogi Libri XLIV in epitomen redacti, http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/justin.html

Marek Junianus Justinius, Zarys dziejów powszechnych starożytności na podstawie Pompejusza Trogusa, przeł., wstępem i komentarzem opatrzył I. Lewandowski, Warszawa 1988.

Justin Martyr, Dialogue avec Tryphon, édition critique, ed. et trad. Ph. Bobichon, vol. I: Introduction, Texte grec, Traduction, Fribourg 2003.

Justyn Męczennik, Dialog z Żydem Tryfonem, przeł. A. Lisiecki, Poznań 1926.

Al-Kalbī, Das Götzenbuch: Kitāb al-Aṣnām des Ibn al-Kalbī, Übers. R. Klinke-Rosenberger, Leipzig 1941.

Al-Kalbī, Hišām ibn Muḥammad, Ǧamharat an-Nasab, das genealogische Werk des Hišām ibn Muḥammad al-Kalbī, hrsg. W. Caskel, t. I, Einleitung, von W. Caskel, Die Tafeln, von G. Strenziok, t. II, Erläuterungen zu den Tafeln, von W. Caskel, Das Register, begonnen von G. Strenziok, vollendet von W. Caskel, Leiden 1966.

The Book of Idols Being a Translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-Aṣnām by Hishām Ibn-Al-Kalbī, transl. N. Amin Faris, Princeton–New Jersey 1952.

Хишам ибн Мухаммад ал-Калби, Книга об идолах (Китаб ал-Аснам), пер. В.В. Полосин, Москва 1984.

Cassiodorus, Variarum, ed. J.W. Halporn, Turnhout 1973.

Cassius Dio, Roman History, transl. E. Cary, vol. I–IX, Cambridge MA. 1914–1927, dostępny online: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html

Kasjusz Dion Kokcejan, Historia rzymska, t. I, przeł. W. Martyda, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków 1967.

Kasjusz Dion, Historia rzymska, ks. 41–50, przeł. I. Ptaszek, Kraków 2008.

Aelian, Claudii Aeliani de natura animalium libri xvii, ed. R. Hercher, Parisiis 1858.

Klaudiusz Elian, O właściwościach zwierząt (wybór), przeł. A.M. Komornicka, Warszawa 2005.

Claudii Aeliani Varia Historia, ed. M.L. Dilts, Leipzig 1974.

Claudii Aeliani Varia Historia, ed. R. Hercher, Lipsiae 1866, online http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0591%3Abook%3D13%3Achapter%3D7

Clemens Alexandrinus, Paedagogus, [in:] Clemens Alexandrinus, t. I. Leipzig 1905.

Excerpta historica iussu Imp. Constantini Porphyrogeniti, Bd III, Constantini Porphyrogeniti Excerpta de insidiis, ed. C. de Boor, Berlin 1905.

Koran, przeł. J. Bielawski, Warszawa 2007.

Koran, przeł. Musa Çaxarxan Czachorowski, Białystok 2018.

Święty Koran, przekład zbiorowy pod patronatem Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmada, 1996 (z tekstem arabskim).

Cosmas Indicopleustes, Topographie chrétienne, ed. et. transl. W. Wolska-Conus, t. I–III, Paris 1967–1973.

Cosmas Indicopleustes, The Christian Topography, transl. E.O. Winstedt, Cambridge 1909.

A Short Chronicle on the End of the Sasanian Empire and Early Islam: 590–660 A.D., ed., transl. N. al-Ka‘bi, New Jersey 2016.

Khuzistan Chronicle/Chronicon Anonymum, ed. and transl. I. Guidi, [in:] Chronica Minora I, ed. I. Guidi, CSCO, SS seria 3, t. 4 Leipzig 1903; s. 15–39 (Syriac text), CSCO, SS seria 3, t. 4 Leipzig 1903, s. 15–32 (przekład łac.).

Fragmenty przeł. G. Greatrex, S.N.C. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Part II, AD 363–630. A Narrative Sourcebook, London 2002, s. 229–237.

Xenophon, Anabasis, ed. W. Gemoll, Leipzig 1915.

Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, transl. R. Warner, Harmondsworth 1965.

Ksenofont, Wyprawa Cyrusa, przeł. W. Maryda, Warszawa 2003.

Xenophon, Cyropaedia, transl. W. Miller, vol. I–II, Cambridge 1914.

Ksenofont, Wychowanie Cyrusa (Cyropaedia), przeł. K. Głombiowski, B. Burliga, A. Marchewka, A. Ryś, Wrocław 2014.

Druga Księga Machabejska, Biblia Tysiąclecia https://biblia.deon.pl/rozdzial.php?id=1070

Czwarta Księga Machabejska, Le Quatrième livre des Macchabées, ed., trad. A. Dupont-Sommer, Par Albocicade 2010.

Czwarta Księga Machabejska, dostępna na https://archive.org/details/LeQuatriemeLivreDesMaccabees

Czwarta Księga Machabejska, przekład angielski dostępny na http://www.ccel.org/bible/brenton/MaccabeesIV/4mac.txt

Chronicle of Edessa, ed. I. Guidi, [in:] Chronica minora I, ed. I. Guidi, trad. J.-B. Chabot, Paris 1903, s. 1–14 (tekst syr.), s. 35–57 (przekład łac.) [= CSCO, SSyr, ser 3, t. 4], dostępny online: https://sites.uci.edu/sasanika/the-chronicle-of-edessa/

Hippolytus Werke, Bd IV, Die Chronik, eds. R. Helm, A. Bauer, J. Markwert, Leipzig 1929 [Auftrage der Kirchenvater-Commission der Konigl. preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften von G. Nath. Bonwetsch und Hans Achels, 4].

Hippolytus, Die Chronik, ed. R. Helm, Berlin 1955.

Libri chalipharum, [w:] Anecdota syriaca, ed., interpret. J.P.N. Land, t. I, Leiden 1862, 1-24 (tekst syryjski), s. 105–120 (przekład łac.).

Extract from a chronicle composed about AD 640, [in:] The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles, Including Two Seventh-Century Syriac Apocalyptic Texts, transl. A. Palmer, introd. R. Hoyland, Liverpool 1993, s. 5–24.

Chronicon miscellaneum ad a. 724 pertinens, ed. E.W. Brooks, CSCO 3, SSyr, ser. 3, vol. 3, Chronica minora II, Parisiis–Lipsiae 1903, s. 77–156 (textus).

Chronicon miscellaneum ad a. 724 pertinens, interpret. J.-B. Chabot, [in:] CSCO 3, SSyr, ser. 3, vol. 4, Chronica minora II, s. 61–119 (trad. lat.).

Chronicon ad a. 846, ed. E.W. Brooks, [in:] CSCO, SSyr, ser. 3, vol. 3, Chronica minora II, Parisiis–Lipsiae 1903, s. 157–238.

Chronicon ad a. 846, interpret. J.-B. Chabot, [in:] CSCO, SSyr, ser. 3, vol. 4, Chronica minora II, Parisiis–Lipsiae 1903, s. 121–180.

Anonymi auctoris chronicon ad annum 1234 pertinens, ed. J.-B. Chabot, CSCO, SSyr, ser. 3, vol. 14–15, Paris 1920.

Anonymi auctoris chronicon ad A.C. 1234 pertinens, vol. II, transl. by A. Abouna, CSCO, SSyr, ser. 3, vol. 154, vol. 354, Louvain 1974.

Extract from the Chronicle of AD 1234, [in:] The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles, Including Two Seventh-Century Syriac Apocalyptic Texts, transl. A. Palmer, introd. R. Hoyland, Liverpool 1993, s. 111–221.

Chronicon Maroniticum, ed. E.-W. Brooks, interpret. I.-B. Chabot, [in:] CSCO 3, SSyr 3, ser. 3, vol. 3, Chronica minora, ed., trad. I. Guidi et alii, Parisiis–Lipsiae 1903, s. 43–74 (textus), CSCO 4, SSyr 4, ser. 3, vol Parisiis–Lipsiae 1903, s. 35–57 (przekład łaciński).

Nau F., Opuscules maronites, ROC 4,1899, s. 318–328.

Extract from the Maronire Chronicle (AD 664+), [w:] The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles, transl. A. Palmer, introd. R. Hoyland, Liverpool 1993, s. 29–35.

Nöldeke Th., Zur Geschichte der Araber im 1. Jahrh. d.H. aus syrischen Quellen, ZDMG 29,1875, s. 82–98.

Chronicon Paschale, ed. L. Dindorf, Bd. I–II, Bonn 1832.

Chronicon Paschale, 284–628 AD, transl. M. Whitby, M. Whitby, Liverpool 1989.

The Chronicle of Arbela, transl. T. Kroll, Leuven 1985.

The Chronicle of Arbela, dostępny online: https,//www.sasanika.org/sasanika-library/the-chronicle-of-arbela/

Chronicle of Seert = Histoire nestorienne inédite, eds. and transl. A. Scher, R. Griveau, [in:] PO t. IV.3, Paris 1908, s. 213 [4]–312 [102]; PO V.2, Paris 1910, s. 221 [109]–342 [230]; PO VII.2, Paris 1911, s. 95 [3]–203 [111]; PO XIII.4, Paris 1919, s. 437 [117]–639 [319].

The Book of Himyarites. Fragments ofa Hitherto Unknown Syriac Work, ed., transl. A. Moberg, Lund 1924.

Q. Curti Rufi Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis quae supersunt, rec. E. Hedicke, Lipsiae 1908.

Kurcjusz Rufus, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Curt.%204.1.16&lang=original

Kwintus Kurcjusz Rufus, Historia Aleksandra Wielkiego, tłum. zbiorowe, red. L. Winniczuk, Warszawa 1976.

Laktanz, De mortibus persecutorum – Die Todesarten der Verfolger, Latein–deutsch, übersetzt und eingeleitet von A. Städele, Turnhout 2003.

Leontius of Jerusalem, Against the Monophysites, testimonies of the Saints and Aporiae, ed., transl. P.T.R. Gray, Oxford 2006.

Libanii Opera, t. II, Orationes XII–XXV, ed. R. Foerster, Lipsiae 1904; t. IV, Orationes LI-LXIV, Lipsiae 1908.

Libanius, Oration II, Antiochikos, transl. G. Downey, PAFS 103, 1959, s. 652–686.

Libanius, Selected Works, transl. A.E. Norman, vol. I–II, Cambridge–London 1969–1977.

Libanius, Letters, transl. S. Bradbury, London 2004.

Lucan, The Civil War (Pharsalia), tranls. J.D. Duff, Cambridge, MA. 1928.

Ancient records of Assyria and Babylonia, ed. D.D. Luckenbill, vol. I (Historical records of Assyria from the earliest times to Sargon) – II ( Historical records of Assyria from Sargon to the end), Chicago 1926–1927.

Malchus, Fragmenta, [in:] The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire. Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus, ed. and transl. R.C. Blockley, t. II, Liverpool 1983, s. 401–471.

Malchii Philadelphensis Fragmenta, [in:] FHG, ed. Th. Müller, t. IV, Parisiis 1868, s. 111–132.

Mansi J.D., Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, vol. I–XXXI, Florence–Venise 1758–1798.

The Chronicle of Marcellinus, a Translation and Commentary (with a reproduction of Mommsen’ edition of the text) B. Croke, Sydney 1995.

Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-Masʿūdī, Kitāb al-Tanbīh wa l-išrāf, Arabic and Latin Edition, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Leiden 2013; tekst arabski w starszej edycji dostępny na https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b110010939.image

Masʻūdī, Le livre de l’avertissement et de la revision, trad. B. Carra de Vaux, Paris 1896.

Masʻūdī, Les Prairies D’or, t. I–VIII, trad. C. Barbier De Meynard, Paris 1861–1877.

The History of Menander the Guardsman, ed., transl. R.C. Blockley, Liverpool 1985.

Menandri Protectoris Fragmenta, ed. C. Müller, [in:] FHG, vol. IV, Paryż 1851, s. 200–269.

Martyrdom of Aretas Le martyre de saint Aréthas et de ses compagnons, édition critique M. Detoraki, trad. J. Beaucamp, Paris 2007.

Μαρτύριον του αγίου Αρέθα, ed. J. F. Boissonade, [in:] Anecdota Graeca, vol. V, Paris 1833, s. 1–62.

Chronique de Michel le Syrien, Patriarche jacobite d’Antioche (1166-1199), éditée pour la premier fois et traduit en français par J.-B. Chabot, vol. I–IV, Paris 1899–1925.

Chronicon de Michel le Grand patriarch des Syriens jacobites, ed. V. Langlois, Venice 1868 (wersja armeńska).

Moses Khorenatsi, History of the Armenians, ed. R.W. Thomson, Cambridge 1978.

Mojżesz z Chorenu, Historia Armenii w trzech księgach, przeł. S. Ulaszek, oprac. A. Pisowicz, Kraków 2021.

Notitia Dignitatum accedunt Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae et Laterculi Provinciarum, ed. O. Seeck, Berlin 1876.

La Notitia Dignitatum: nueva edición crítica y comentario histórico, ed. N. Faleiro, Madrid 2005, https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/3950/1/T22480.pdf

Nikander, Alexipharmaca, [in:] Nicandrea Theriaca et Alexipharmaca, ed. O. Schneider, Lipsiae 1856.

Nicander of Colophon, The Poems and Poetical Fragments, Nicander of Colophon, eds., transl. A.S.F. Gow, A.S. Scholfild, Cambridge 1953.

Nikefor Ouranos, Żywot Symeona Stylity Młodszego

Vita S. Simeoni Yunioris, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PG 86. 2, kol. 2987–3216.

Nilus, Epistula IV.62, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PG 79, koll. 580B–581B .

Nilus of Ancyra, Letter to Heliodorus (Ep. IV.62), [in:] History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, transl. D.F. Caner, with S. Brock, R.M. Price, and K. van Bladel, Liverpool 2010, 139–140.

Nonnosi Fragmenta, ed. C. Müller, [in:] FHG, t. IV, Parisiis 1868, s. 170–180.

Nonnosus = Photius Bibliothèque, kod. 3, ed. and transl. R. Henry, t. I, Paris 1959, s. 4–8.

Focjusz, Biblioteka, kod. 3, przeł. O. Jurewicz, t. 1, Kodeksy 1–150, Warszawa 1985, s. 5–8, przekład angielski J.H. Freese dostępny online: https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/photius_03bibliotheca.htm

Pauli Orosii historiarum adversum paganos libri VII; accedit eiusdem, Liber apologeticus, ed. C. Zangemeister, Vienna 1882.

Pauli Orosii historiarum adversum paganos libri VII, ed. C. Zangemeister, Leipzig 1889, online: http://www.attalus.org/latin/orosius.html

Origène, Homélies sur la Genèse, eds. H. de Lubac, L. Doutreleau, Paris–Lyon 1973.

Origène, Contre Celse, t. I (Livres I–II), t. II (Livres III–IV), Introd., texte critique, notes par M. Borret, Paris 1967–1969.

Tekst grecki (Πρὸς τὸν ἐπιγεγραμμένον Κέλσου Ἀληθῆ λόγον Ὠριγένους τόμοι η´) dostępny online http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/origenes/cc/gr/

Orygenes, Przeciw Celsusowi, tłum. S. Kalinkowski, Warszawa 1977.

Panegyrique de Theodose par Pacatus, [in:] Panégyriques latins, t. III, Panegyriques XI-XII, ed. É. Galletier, Paris 1955.

Pacatus Drepanius, Panegyric to the Emperor Theodosius, transl. C.E.V. Nixon, Liverpool 1987.

Palaiphatos, [in:] FGrHist, ed. F. Jacoby, t. I.A, nr 44, Leiden–New York–Köln 1995, s. 266–268.

Panegyrici Latini, ed. R.A.B. Maynors, transl. C. Nikon, B.S. Rodgers, London 1994.

Paikuli Insciption, translated by Prods O. Skjærvø https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205815/http://www.sasanika.com/pdf/Paikuli.pdf

The Seventh Century in the West Syrian Chronicles, transl. and introd. A. Palmer with S. Brock, R. Hoyland, Liverpool 1993.

Papyri Michigandi, 465–466; [in:] E. Mary Smallwood, Documents Illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian, Cambridge 1966, s. 104–106.

The Periplus Maris Erythraei, Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, L. Casson, Princeton, NJ. 1989.

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century, ed. W.H. Schoff, New York 1912.

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, transl. G.W.B. Huntingford, London 1980.

Petri Patricii Fragmenta, ed. C. Müller, [in:] FHG, t. IV, Parisiis 1868, s. 181–191.

Peter the Patrician, The Lost History of Peter the Patrician, An account of Rome’s Imperial Past From the Age of Justinian, transl. T.M. Banchich, London 2015.

C. Plini Caecili Secundi Epistularum Libri Decem, ed. R. Mynors, Oxford 1963.

Pliniusz Młodszy, Listy, tekst łaciński dostępny na http://epistol.glossa.dk/plinius.html

Pliny the Elder, Natural History, transl. A.C. Andrews, D.E. Eichholz, W.H.S. Jones, and H. Rackham, vol. I–X, Cambridge, MA. 1938–1962.

Gajusz Pliniusz Sekundus, Historia naturaln, tekst, wstęp, przekład i komentarz I. Mikołajczyk, N. Rataj, E. Twarowska-Antczak, K. Antczak, Tom I: Kosmologia i Geografia. Księgi II–VI, Toruń 2017; tom II: Antropologia i Zoologia. Księgi VII–XI, Toruń 2019.

Plutarch, Απόφθεγματα, [in:] Plutarch’s Moralia, t. III, ed. and transl. F.C. Babbitt, London–Oxford 1961.

Plutarch, Quaestiones Convivales, [in:] Plutarch, Moralia, ed. G. N. Bernardakis, Leipzig 1892 http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0311%3Astephpage%3D678f

Plutarch, Quaestiones Convivales. lib. VII-IX, [in:] Plutarch’s Moralia, t. IX, eds. F.A. Sandbach, W.C. Helmbold, przeł. E.W. Minar, London 1961, https://archive.org/details/moraliainfifteen09plutuoft/page/n15/mode/2up?view=theater

Plutarch’s Lives, transl. B. Perrin, vol. I–XI, Cambridge, MA. 1919–1926.

Plutarch, The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, transl. J. Dryden, revised A.H. Clough, New York s.a.

Pomponii Melae De chorographia libri tres, ed. K. Frick, Lipsiae 1880.

http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pomponius.html

Pomponiusz Mela, Chorographia czyli Opis kręgu Ziemi, S. Szarypkin, K.T. Witczak, M. Golias, M. Piotrowska, Piotrków Trybunalski 2011.

Prisci Panitae Fragmenta, [in:] Fragmenta historicorum Graecorum, ed. C. Müller, t. IV, Parisiis 1868, s. 68–110.

Priscus, Fragmenta, [in:] The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire. Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus, ed., transl. R.C. Blockley, t. II, Liverpool 1983, s. 221–377.

Incerti auctoris Chronicon Pseudo-Dionysianum vulgo dictum, t. 1–2, eds. J.-B. Chabot, E.W. Brooks, CSCO 91, 104, SS ser. III 1–2 [=43, 53], Paris 1927, 1933 (edycja tekstu oryg.).

Ps.-Dionysius, Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre. Chronicle (also known as the Chronicle of Zuqnin). Part III, transl. and introd. W. Witakowski, Liverpool 1996.

The Chronicle of Zuqnīn, Parts III and IV, A.D. 488–775, transl. A. Harrak, Toronto 1999.

Ἱπποκράτους περὶ διαφορᾶς τροφῶν πρὸς Πτολεμαῖον, ed. A. Delatte, [in:] Anecdota Atheniensia et alia, II. Textes grecs relatifs a l’histoire des sciences, Liége–Paris 1939, 482–499.

Hygini Gromatici Liber de munitionibus castrorum, cap. 19, 29, 43, ed. G. Gemoll, Lipsiae 1879.

Pseudo-Hyginus, O wytyczaniu obozów wojskowych, tłum. I. Łuć, K. Królczyk, Poznań 2010.

Ps.-Joshua the Stylite, The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, transl. and introd. F. Trombley, J.W. Watt, Liverpool 2000.

Die syrische Chronik des Josua Stylites, Übersetzung A. Luther, Berlin–New York 1997.

Pseudo-Clementine Literature, [in:] The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 8, The Twelve Patriarchs, Excerpts and Epistles, The Clementia, Apocrypha, Decretals, Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac Documents, Remains of the First Age, przeł. Ph. Schaff, Edinburgh 1885 [2005].

https://www.biblestudytools.com/history/early-church-fathers/ante-nicene/vol-8-third-fourth-centuries/pseudo-clementine-literature/book-ix.html

Narrationes quibus caedes monachorum in montis Sinae, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PG, t. 79, Paris 1865, kol. 583–694.

Die Erzählung des Pseudo-Neilos: Ein spätantiker Märtyrerroman—Einleitung, Text, Übersetzung, Kommentar M. Link, Münich 2005.

Ps-Nilus, Narrations by Nilus the Monk of the Slaughter of the Monks on Mount Sina and the Captivity of His Son, Theodulus, [in:] History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, transl. D.F. Caner, with S. Brock, R.M. Price, and K. van Bladel, Liverpool 2010, s. 84–135.

Historia ecclesiastica Zachariae Rhetori vulgo adscripta, ed. E.W. Brooks, t. I, Lovanii 1924 [=CSCO 87, Scriptores Syri 41, ser. III, t. 5]; t. II, Lovanii 1924 [=CSCO 88, Scriptores Syri 42, ser. III, t. 6].

The Chronicle of Pseudo-Zachariah Rhetor. Church and War in Late Antiquity, ed. G. Greatrex, transl. R. Phenix, C. Horn, with introd. S. Brock, W. Witakowski, Liverpool 2011.

Polybii Historiae, ed. Th. Buttner-Wobst, t. I–V, Stuttgart 1943–1967.

Polybius, The Histories, with English translation, ed. W.R. Paton, vol. I–VI, London 1922–1927.

Porphyre, De l’abstinence, ed. by J. Bouffartigue, M. Patillon, A.P. Segonds, vol. I–III, Paris 1979–1995.

Posidonius, vol. III, The translation of the fragments, transl. I.G. Kidd, Cambridge 1999.

Procopii Caesariensis Opera omnia, ed. J. Haury, corr. G. Wirth, t. I–II, De Bellis, Leipzig 1962–1963.

Procopius, History of the Wars, transl. H.B. Dewing, vol. I–V. Cambridge, MA. 1914–1928.

Prokopiusz z Cezarei, Historia wojen, t. I (ks. I–IV), tłum., wstęp, kom. D. Brodka, Kraków 2013.

Procopii Caesariensis Opera omnia, ed. J. Haury, corr. G. Wirth, t. 4, De aedificiis, Leipzig 1964.

Prokopiusz z Cezarei, O budowlach, tłum., wstęp., koment. P.Ł. Grotowski, Warszawa 2006.

Procopii Caesariensis Opera omnia, ed. J. Haury, corr. G. Wirth, t. III, Historia quae dicitur arcana, Leipzig 1963.

Prokopiusz z Cezarei, Historia sekretna, przeł. A. Konarek, Warszawa 1977.

Claudii Ptolemaei Geographia, t. I (lib. I–IV), ed. C.F.A. Nobbe, Lipsk 1843; t. II (lib. 5–8), Leipzig 1845; tom. III (indeksy), Leipzig 1845.

Ptolemy Geography, Book 6. Middle East, Central and North Asia, China, Part 1, ed. and transl. S. Ziegler, Wiesbaden 1998.

Ptolemy, The Geography, ed. and transl. E.L. Stevenson, Toronto 1991.

Res Gestae Divi Augusti. Text, Translation, and Commentary, transl. and comm. A.E. Cooley, Cambridge 2009, dostępny online: https://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/romans/DivineAugustus.html

Res Gestae Divi Augusti. The Achevements of the Divine Augustus with an introduction and commentary by P.A. Brunt, J.M. Moore, Oxford 1983.

The Church History of Rufinus of Aquileia, Books 10 and 11, transl. P.R. Amidon, Oxford 1997.

The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos, transl. R.W. Thomson, Liverpool 1999.

Sebeos, History, transl. R. Bedrosian, on http://www.attalus.org/armenian/sebtoc.html

Scriptores Historiae Augustae, ed. and transl. D. Magie, t. II–III, Cambridge–London 1954.

Historycy cesarstwa rzymskiego: żywoty cesarzy od Hadriana do Numeriana, tłum. H. Szelest, Warszawa 1966.

Res Gestae Divi Saporis, translated by P. Skjaervø, https://sites.uci.edu/sasanika/sapur-is-inscription-kaba-ye-zartost-skz/

Shapur, Res Gestae, trad. A. Maricq, Sy 35, 1958, s. 295–360.

Socrates Scholasticus, Kirchengeschichte, ed. G.C. Hansen, Berlin 1995.

Sokrates Scholastyk, Historia Kościoła, przeł., wstęp i kom. S. Kazikowski, Warszawa 1972 (1986).

Claudius Iulius Solinus, Collectanea rerum memorabilium, ed. Th. Mommsen, Berolini 1895.

Sozomenus, Kirchengeschichte, Hrsg. J. Bidez, G.Ch. Hansen, Berlin1995.

Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, transl. C.D. Hartranft, Grand Rapids 1890–1900.

online at, https,//www.ccel.org/ccel/schaffnpnf202.toc.html

Stephani Byzantii Ethnica, eds. M. Billerbeck et al., t. I–V, Berlin–New York 2006–2017.

Strabo, Geography, transl. H. Leonard Jones, vol. I–VIII, Cambridge, MA. 1917–1932. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html

Strabonis Geographica, editio minor, ed. G. Kramer, vol. I–II, Berlin 1852.

Strabonis Geographica, ed. G. Kramer, t. I (lib. 1–6), Berlin 1844, t. II (lib. 7–12), Berlin 1844, t. III (lib. 13–17), Berlin 1852.

Suidae Lexicon, ed. A. Adler, vol. II, Leipzig 1931.

https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-cgi-bin/search.cgi?login=guest&searchstr=theta,302&field=adlerhw_gr

http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin//search.pl?login=guest&searchstr=theta,302&field=adlerhw_gr

C. Suetoni Tranquilli opera, vol. I: De vita Caesarum libri VIII, ed. M. Ihm, Leipzig 1908.

Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, transl. R. Graves, Harmondsworth 1957.

La lettera di Simeone vescovo di Beth-Arsham sopra i martiri omeriti, transl. I. Guidi, AANL.CSMSFM ser. 3, vol. 7, Roma 1881, s. 471–515 (tekst syr. s. 301–515).

Simeon’s New Letter, ed. I. Shahītd, [in:] The Martyrs of Najrān. New Documents, Brussels 1971, s. II–XXXII (tekst syryjski), s. 44–64 (przekład).

The Letter of the Holy Simeon, [in:] Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre Chronicle (known also as the Chronicle of Zuqnin), part III, transl. W. Witakowski, Liverpool 1996, s. 53–64 [=The Letter of the Holy Simeon, [in:] The Chronicle of Pseudo-Zachariah Rhetor. Church and War in Late Antiquity, 8.a–c, transl. Robert R. Phenix, C.B. Horn, ed. G. Greatrex, Liverpool 2011, s. 284–289].

Synodicon orientale ou Recueil de synodes néstoriens, ed. J.-B. Chabot, Paris 1902.

The History of al- Ṭabarī, vol IV, The Ancient Kingdoms, transl. M. Perlman, Albany NY 1987.

The History of al-Ṭabarī, vol. V, The Sasanids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen, transl. C.W. Bosworth, Albany NY. 1999.

The History of al-Ṭabarī, vol. XII, The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine, transl. Y. Friedmann, Albany NY 1992.

al-Thaealabi, Histoire des Rois de Perse, trad. H. Zotenberg, Paris 1900.

Tacitus, Histories, transl. C.H. Moore, vol. I–II, Cambridge, MA. 1925.

Tacitus, Annals, transl. J. Jackson, vol. I–III, Cambridge, MA. 1925–1937.

Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome, transl. M.Grant, Harmondsworth 1956.

Theodoros Anagnostes, Historia tripartita, ed. G.H. Hansen, Berlin 1971.

Historie Kościoła Jana Diakrinomenosa i Teodora Lektora, przeł. R. Kosiński, A. Szopa, K. Twardowska, Kraków 2019.

Theodorus von Petra, Vita Theodosii. Der heilige Theodosius, Hrsg. H. Usener, Leipzig 1890.

Teodoret, Historia Kościoła

Theodoret, Historia Ecclesiastica, ed. L. Parmentier, rev. G.C. Hansen, Berlin 1998.

Théodoret de Cyr, Commentaire sur Isaïe, ed. J.-N. Guinot, t. I–III, Paris 1980–1984.

Théodoret De Cyr, Histoire des moines de Syrie, texte critique, traduction, notes, index P. Canivet, A. Leroy-Molinghen, t. I–II, Paris 1977–1979.

Theodoret, A History of the Monks of Syria, transl. and introd. R.M. Price, Kalamazoo1985.

Teodoret biskup Cyru, Dzieje miłości Bożej. Historia mnichów syryjskich, przeł. K. Augustyniak, wstęp: K. Augustynek, E. Wipszycka, oprac. K. Augustyniak R. Turzyński, Tyniec–Kraków 1994.

Theophanes, Chronographia, ed. C. de Boor, t. I, Lipsiae 1883.

The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor, Byzantine and Near Eastern History, A.D. 284–813, transl. C. Mango, R. Scott, Oxford 1997.

Theophanis Byzantii Fragmenta, [in:] FHG, t. IV, ed. Th. Müller, Parisiis 1868, s. 270–271.

Photius, Bibliothèque, cod. 64, ed. and transl. R. Henry, vol. I, Paris 1959, s. 76–79.

Focjusz, Biblioteka, kod. 64, przeł. O. Jurewicz, t. I, kodeksy 1-150, Warszawa 1986, s. 60–61.

Theophrastus of Eresus, Enquiry Into Plants, transl. B. Einarson and G.K.K. Link, vol. I–III, Cambridge, MA. 1976–1990.

Theophilus of Edessa’s Chronicle and the circulation of historical knowledge in Late Antiquity and early Islam, transl. R. Hoyland, Liverpool 2011.

Teofilakt Symokatta, Historia powszechna, przekład, wstęp i komentarz A. Kotłowska, Ł. Różycki, Poznań 2016.

The History of Theophylact Simocatta, eds. and transl. M. Whitby, M. Whitby, Oxford 1986.

Teukros von Kyzikos, [in:] FGrHist, ed. F. Jacoby, t. III.A.1, nr 274, Leiden 1964, s. 126–127.

Timothy of Gaza, On Animals. Fragments of a Greek paraphrase of an animal-book of the 5th century A.D., texte traduit, commenté et annoté par F.S. Bodenheimer, A. Rabinowitz, Paris–Leiden 1949.

Uranios, [in:] FGrHist, ed. F. Jacoby, t. III.C.1, nr 675, Leiden 1958, s. 339–344.

Uranii fragmenta, ed. C. Müller, [in:] FHG, t. IV, Parisiis 1868, s. 523–526.

Inscriptions grecques et latines recueillies en Grèce et en Asie Mineure, eds. P. Le Bas, W.H. Waddington, vol. I–III, Paris 1853–1870.

Virgil, The Aeneid, transl. R. Fagles, London 2008.

Ibn Wāḍih al- Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh, ed. M.T. Houtsma, vol. I–II, Leiden 1883.

Yāqūt, Kitāb Mu’jam al-Buldān, ed. F. Wüstenfeld, vol. I–VI, Leipzig 1866–1873.

The History of Zonaras, From Alexander Severus to the death of Theodosius the Great, transl. T.M. Banchich, E. Lane, introd. and comm. T.M. Banchich, London 2011.

Zosime, Histoire nouvelle, ed. et trad. F. Paschoud, t. I–III, Paris 1979–2000.

Zosimos, Nowa historia, tłum. H. Cichocka, wstęp, bibliografi, komentarz E. Wipszycka, Warszawa 1993 (wyd. 2, poprawione Warszawa 2012).

Euthymii Zigabeni, Adversus Sarackenoi, ed. J.-P. Migne, [in:] PG 130 koll. 1333–1360 [= Idem, Panoplia dogmatica, cap. 28]

Histoire d’Ahoudemmeh et de Marouta, trad. F. Nau, [in:] PO t. 3, Paris 1909, s. 7–51.

La vie d’Alexandre Acémète, ed. E. de Stoop, PO 6/5, Paris 1911, s. 658–701.

Athanasius Alexandrinus, Βίος καὶ πολιτέια τοῦ ὁσίου πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀντονίου / Vie d’Antoine, ed. et trad. G.J.M. Bartelink, Paris 1994.

Atanazy Aleksandryjski Św., Żywot św. Antoniego Wielkiego, przeł. E. Dąbrowska, A. Ziółkowski, M. Borkowska, S. Kazikowski, S. Kalinkowski, Z. Brzostowska, Warszawa 1987.

Vie et récits de l’abbé Daniel le Scétiote, ed. L Clugnet, Paris 1901.

Life and Works of Saint Gregentios, Archbishop of Taphar, ed. A. Berger, Berlin–New York 2006.

Un vie inédite de Saint Jean l’Aumonier, ed. H. Delehaye, AB 45, 1927, s. 5–74.

Spurious Life Of James, [in:] John of Ephesus, Lives of the Eastern Saints, part III, ed. E.W. Brooks, [in:] PO 19, s. 228–267.

John of Ephesus, Lives of the Eastern Saints, part II, ed. E.W. Brooks, [in:] PO 18, s. 690–697.

Vita Baradei, [in:] Anecdota syriaca, ed. J.P.N. Land, t. II, Leiden 1795, s. 364–385.

John of Ephesus, Lives of the Eastern Saints, part III, ed. E.W. Brooks, [in:] PO 19, s. 153–158.

Un vie inédite de Saint Jean l’Aumonier, ed. H. Delehaye, AB 45, 1927, s. 5–74.

Βίος καὶ Πολιτεία τῶν Οσίων Πατέρων Παύλου καὶ Ιωάννου, ed. A. Papadopoulos-Kerameus, [in:] ΑΙΣ, vol. V, 1898, s. 368–383.

Żywot Symeona Stylity (syr.), ed. P. Bedjan, [in:] Acta Martyrum et Sanctorum, vol. IV, Parisiis 1894 (krytyczna edycja tekstu syryjskiego).

The Life of St. Simeon Stylites: A Translation of the Syriac Text in Bedjan’s Acta Martyrum et Sanctorum, Vol. IV, transl F. Lent, JAOS 35, 1915, s. 103–198.

Simeon bar Apollon und Bar Chatar, Syrische Lebensbeschreibung des heiligen Symeon, [in:] Das Leben des heiligen Symeon Stylites, ed., transl. H. Leitzmann, Leipzig 1908, s. 78–179.

Symeon the Stylite Syriac Life, [in:] The Lives of Symeon Stylites, transl. and introd. R. Doran, Kalamazoo Mich. 1992, s. 103–198.

Antonius, Leben des heiligen Symeon, [in:] Das Leben des heiligen Symeon Stylites, ed., transl. H. Leitzmann, Leipzig 1908, s. 19–78.

La vie ancienne de S. Syméon le Jeune, transl. and introd. P. van den Ven, vol. I–II, Brussels 1962–1970.

Vita Sancti Georgii Chozibae confessoris et monachi, auctore Antonio eius discipuli (BHG 669), ed. C. Houze, AB 7, 1888, s. 95–114, 336–59; AB 8 1889, s. 209–210.

De s. Pelagia, AA.SS., die octava oct., t. IV, s. 262–264.

Ancient records of Assyria and Babylonia, ed. D.D. Luckenbill, vol. I, Historical records of Assyria from the earliest times to Sargon, Chicago 1926; vol. II, Historical records of Assyria from Sargon to the end, Chicago 1927.

Bernand E., Drewes A., Schneider J.-R., Recueil des inscriptions de l’Ethiopie des periodes pre-axoumite et axoumite, t. I–II, Paris 1991, https://archive.org/details/recueildesinscri0000bern_p0u7/page/n7/mode/2up

Context of Scripture, The, t. II, Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World, eds. W.W. Hallo, K. Lawson Yoynger, Leyden–Boston 2003.

Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum, cz. II. Aramaic, Palmyra, Nabatean, ed. E.-M. de Vogüé, Pars 2, t. I–III, Parisiis 1889–1951, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112049070961&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021

Cooke G.A., A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions. Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish, Oxford 1903.

Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum, cz. IV, Inscriptiones Ḥimyariticas et Sabaeas, ed. J. Derenbourg. t. I–III, Parisiis 1889–1920, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112049071068&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112049071050&view=1up&seq=12&skin=2021

Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum, cz. V, Saracen, Lihyan, Safaitic and Thamudic, ed. G. Ryckmans, t. 1, fasc 1, Parisiis 1950, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112049071035&view=1up&seq=17&skin=2021

Healey J.F., The Old Syriac Inscriptions of Edessa and Osrhoene. Texts, Translations and Commentary, Leiden 1999.

Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, ed. H. Dessau, Bd I, Berlin 1892; Bd II.1, Berlin 1902; Bd II.2, Berlin 1906; Bd. III.1, Berlin 1914, Bd III.2, Berlin 1916.

Jalambert L., Mouterde R., Mondesert C., Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie, t. v, Émésène. Nos. 1998–2710, Paris 1959.

Kitchen K.A., Documentation for ancient Arabia. Bibliographical Catalogue of Texts, t. I, Chronological Framework historical sources, t. II, Bibliographical Catalogue of Texts, Liverpool 1994–2000.

Robin C.J., al-Ghabban A.I., al-Said S.F. Inscriptions antiques de la région de Najran (Arabie Séoudite meridionale), nouveaux jalons pour l’histoire de l’écriture, de la langue et du calendrier Arabes, CRAI 158. 3, 2014, s. 1033–1128.

Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/corpus/

The Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668–631 BC), Aššur-etel-ilāni (630–627 BC), and Sîn-šarra-iškun (626–612 BC), Kings of Assyria, part 1, eds. J. Novotny, J. Jeffers, Winona Lake, Indiana 2018 online: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap5/pager

Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704-681 BC), The, eds. A. Kirk Grayson, J. Novotny, part 1, Winona Lake, Indiana 2012, part 2, Winona Lake, Indiana 2014, online http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap3/corpus

Royal Inscriptions of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria (680-669 BC), The, ed. E. Leichty, Winona Lake, Indiana 2012, http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap4/corpus

Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III (744-727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC), Kings of Assyria, The, eds. H. Tadmor, S. Yamada, Winona Lake, Indiana 2011, online: http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap1/corpus

Royal Inscriptions of Sargon II, King of Assyria (721–705 BC), The, ed. G. Frame, Eisenbrauns 2021.

Winnett F.V., Harding G.L., Inscriptions from Fifty Safaitic Cairns, Toronto 1978.

Abbott N., Pre-Islamic Arab Queens, AJSLL 58.1, 1941, s. 1–22.

Abbott N., Women and the State on the Eve of Islam, AJSLL 58.3, 1941, s. 259–284.

Abel F.-M., L’Ile de Jotabé, RB 47, 1938, s. 510–538.

Abudanah F. et al., Via Nova Traiana between Petra and al-Khirbet al- Samra in Arabia Petraea, PEQ November 2020, s. 1–21.

Abudanh F., Settlement patterns and military organisation in the region of Udhruh (Southern Jordan) in the Roman and Byzantine periods, PhD Newcastle University 2006,https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/232

Abuljadayl A., The death of king dhū Nuwās (ca 517–525 CE) in the Himyarite inscriptions, Syriac, Greek and Arabie sources: his military and religïous policy, [in:] Interrelations between the Peoples of the Near East and Byzantium in Pre-Islamic Times, ed. V. Christides, Cordoba 2015, s. 11–24.

Aharoni Y., The Roman Road to Aila (Elath), IEJ 3/4, 1954, s. 9–16.

Aigrain R., Arabie, [in:] Dictionnaire d’ histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, publié sous la direction de Mgr Baudrillart, t. III, Paris 1924, kol. 1158–1339.

Al Fassi H., Kamkam the Nabataean Priestess: Priesthood and Society in Ancient Arabia, [in:] From Ugarit to Nabataea. Studies in Honor of John F. Healey, eds. G.A. Kiraz, Z. Al-Salameen, Piscataway, NJ 2012, s. 1–14.

Al-Ansary A.M., Qaryat al-Faw, [in:] Routes d’Arabie. Archéologie et histoire du royaume d’Arabie Saoudite, ed. A.I. al-Ghabban, Paris 2010, s. 310–363.

Al-Azmeh A. A., Muslim Kingship. Power and the Sacred in Muslim, Christian, and Pagan Polities, London 1997.

Albright W.F., The Chronology of Ancient South Arabia in the Light of First Campaign of Excavation in Qataban, BASOR 119, 1950, s. 5–15.

Albright W.F., The Chronology of the Minean Kings of Arabia, BASOR 129, 1953, s. 20–25.

Aliquot J., Les Ituréens et la présence arabe au Liban du IIe siècle a.C. au IVe siècle p.C, MUSJ 56, 1999/2003, s. 161–290.

Al-K’abi N., Introduction, [in:] A short chronicle on the end of the Sasanian empire and early Islam, 590–660 AD, ed., trans., comm. Nasir al-K’abi, Piscataway 2016, s. XI–LXXXVI.

Allen P., Evagrius Scholasticus, the Church Historian, Louvain 1981.

Allen P., The definition and enforcement of orthodoxy, [in:] The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. XIV, Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, AD 425–600, eds. Av. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins, M. Whitby, Cambridge 2000, s. 811–834.

Allen P., Zachariah Scholasticus and the Historia Ecclesiastica of Evagrius, JTS 31, 1980, s. 471–488.

Almagor E., Who is a Barbarian? The Barbarians in the Ethnological and Cultural Taxonomies of Strabo, [in:] Strabo’s Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia, eds. D. Dueck, H. Lindsay, S. Pothecary, Cambridge 2005, s. 108–117.

Al-Nasarat M., Byzantine Maritime Trade in Southern Jordan: The Evidence From Port of Aila (‘Aqaba ), MArAr 12.1. 2012, s. 101–116.

Alpass P.J., The Religious Life of Nabataea, Durham 2011.

Al-Roubi A.M., A Response to Patricia Crone’s Book (Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, http://www.sultan.org/books/Patricia_crone_english_reply.pdf

Al-Salameen Z., Shdaifat Y., A New Nabataean Inscription from the Moab Plateau, AEN 3, 2017, s. 1–10.

Al-Salihi W.I., The camel-rider’s stele and related sculpture from Hatra, Iq 60, 1998, s. 103–108.

Al-Shorman Z.M., The Assimilation of Dushara – Ḍwãara in Greco-Roman Period, [in:] Arabia, Greece and Byzantium. Cultural Contacts in Ancient and Medieval Times, t. II, ed. A. Al-Helabi, D.G. Letzios, M. Al-Moraekhi, A. Al-Abduljabbar, Riyadh 2012, s. 43–58.

Al-Talhi Dh., M. al-Daire, Roman presence in the desert, a new inscription from Hegra, Chi 35, 2005, s. 205–217.

Altaweel M.R., Hauser S.R., Trade routes to Hatra according to evidence from ancient sources and modern satellite imagery, BMit 35, 2004, s. 59–86.

Al-Theeb S., The Native Land of – the Nabataeans, [in:] New Arabian Studies, t. 4, eds. G. Rex Smith, J. R. Smart, B. R. Pridham, Exeter 1997, s. 233–242.

Altheim F., Stiehl R., Die Araber in der alten Welt, Bd. I, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen und Randvölker: Afrika mit Ägypten, Berlin 1964; Bd. V.l, Weitere Neufunde–Nordafrika bis zur Einwanderung der Wandalen–Du Nuwas, Berlin 1968; Bd V.2, Nachträge - Das christliche Aksum, Berlin 1969.

Andersen H.A., Hohl E., Studies in Cassius Dio and Herodian, New York 1975.

Anderson B., Double-Crossing Jordan: Strabo’s Portrait of Syllaeus and the Imagining of Nabataea, SHAJ 10, 2009, s. 391–397.

Andrae T., Les origines de l’Islam et le christianisme, transl. J. Roche, Paris 1955.

Antoniadis-Bibicou H., Recherches sur les douanes à Byzance, l’octava, le ‘kommerkion’ et les commerciaires, Paris 1963, s. 95–155.

Arabia Felix, Beiträge zur Sprache und Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien, Festschrift Walter W. Müller zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. N. Nebes, Wiesbaden 1995, s. 212–222.

Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015.

Arbach M., Schiettecatte J., Premiers échos de l’expédition romaine d’Aelius Gallus dans la documentation sudarabique, CRAI 161.2, 2017, s. 675–700.

Arce I., Coenobium, Palatium and Hira: The Ghassanid Complex at al-Ḥallābāt, SHAJ 10, 2009, s. 937–966.

Arce I., Qaṣr al-Ḥallābāt – Continuity and Change from the Roman-Byzantine to the Umayyad Period, SHAJ 9, 2007, s. 325–344.

Arce I., Romans, Ghassanids and Umayyads and the Transformation of the Limes Arabicus: From Coercive and Deterrent Diplomacy Towards Religious Proselytism and Political Clientelarism, [in:] La Transgiordania nei secoli XII–XIII e le “frontiere” del Mediterraneo medievale, a cura di G. Vannini e M. Nucciotti, Oxford 2012, s. 55–74.

Arcuri R., I vescovati arabi: vie di cristianizzazione e forme di controllo politico sulle tribu nomadi nel tardo impero (IV-VI SEC.), Koi 26/27, 2002/2003, s. 37–99.

Ashbrook-Harvey S.A., Asceticism and Society in Crisis: John of Ephesus and the Lives of the Eastern Saints, Berkeley 1990.

Asheri D., Lloyd A., Corcella A., A Commentary to Herodotus Books I–IV, eds. E. Murray, A. Moreno, Oxford 2007.

Aspects of the Notitia Dignitatum: Papers presented to the conference in Oxford December 13 to 15, 1974, eds. R. Goodburn, P. Bartholomew, Oxford 1976.

Asselin N., Jacques Baradée: apôtre et prophète? Retour sur les trois “Vitae” syriaques, https://www.academia.edu/33710039/Jacques_Barad%C3%A9e_Ap%C3%B4tre_et_Proph%C3%A8te

Atkinson J.E., A commentary on Q. Curtius Rufus’ Historiae Alexandri Magni. Books 3 and 4, Amsterdam 1980.

Atkinson J.E., A commentary on Q. Curtius Rufus’ Historiae Alexandri Magni. Books 5 to 7.2, Amsterdam 1994.

Aviam M., Christian Galilee in the Byzantine period, [in:] Galilee through the centuries, ed. E.M. Meyers, 1999, s. 281–301.

Avi-Yonah M., Scythopolis, IEJ 12. 2, 1962, s. 123–134.

Avi-Yonah M., The Jews under Roman and Byzantine rule: political history of Palestine from Bar Kokhba War to the Arab conquest, Jerusalem 1984.

Avner U., Nabataeans in Southern Sinai, ARAM 27.1/2, 2015, s. 397–429.

Avner U., Nehmé L., Robin C.J. A rock inscription mentioning Tha’laba, an Arab king from Ghassan, ArAE 24.2, 2013, s. 237–256.

Avner U., Studies in the Material and Spiritual Culture of the Negev and Sinai Populations, During the 6th–3rd Millennia B.C., Jerusalem 2002 [Phd Thesis], http://www.wissen-online.com/stonewatch-intro/media/download/sc%2003.pdf

Ayad B.A., The spread of Christianity before Islam in the Arabian peninsula with archaeological evidence from the province of Al-Hira, CChR 12. 4, 1991, s. 116–120.

Bagatti B., The Church from the Gentiles in Palestine, Jerusalem 1971, s. 92–95.

Bagnall R.S., Sheridan J.A., Greek and Latin documents from Abu ʾAbu Shaʾar, 1990–1991, JARCE 31, 1994, s. 159–168.

Baldwin B., Gregory Nazianzus, Ammianus, scurrae, and the Historia Augusta, G 93, 1986, s. 178–180.

Ball W., Rome in the East. The Transformation of an Empire, 2nd ed. New York 2016.

Balsdon J.P.V.D., Romans and Aliens, Chapel Hill 1979.

Banning E.B., De Bello Paceque, A reply to Parker, BASOR 265, 1987, s. 52–54.

Banning E.B., Peasants, Pastoralists, and ʻPax Romanaʼ: Mutualism in the Southern Highlands of Jordan, BASOR 261, 1986, s. 25–50.

Bar D., The Christianization of Rural Palestine during Late Antiquity, JEH 54.3, 2003, s. 401–421.

Bar-Abrahem A., Patriarch Michael the Great: Beyond his World Chronicle, JAAS 12.2, 1998, s. 33–45.

Baran G.M., Siedmiu braci machabejskich z Czwartej Księgi Machabejskiej jako typ Chrystusa. Próba zastosowania egzegezy typologicznej do tekstu Czwartej Księgi Machabejskiej, VP 71, 2019, s. 43–68.

Barański M., The Roman Army in Palmyra: a Case of Adaptation of a Pre-existing City, [in:] The Roman and Byzantine Army in the East. Proceedings of a colloquium held at the Jagiellonian University in September 1992, ed. E. Dąbrowa, Kraków 1994, s. 9–18.

Barnard H., Additional Remarks on Blemmyes, Beja and Eastern Desert Ware, E&L 17, 2007, s. 23–31.

Barnes D., Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality, Ithaca–London 1998.

Barnes T.D., Constantine and Eusebius, Cambridge 1981.

Barsoum I.A., History of Syriac Literature and Sciences/Kitab al-Lulu al-Manthur f i Tarikh al-Ulum wa al-Adab al-Suryaniyya, przeł. M. Moosa, Pueblo 2000.

Bartlett B., Justin’s Epitome: The Unlikely Adaptation of Trogus’ World History, His 8, 2014, s. 246-283.

Basset R.M.J., La poésie arabe antéislamique, Paris 1909.

Baumstark A., Geschichte der syrischen Literatur, mit Ausschluss der christlich-palästinensischen Texte, Bonn 1922, repr. Berlin 1968.

Baynham E., Alexander the Great. The unique history of Quintus Curtius, Ann Arbor 1998.

Beaucamp J., Briquel-Chatonnet F., Robin Ch., La persécution des chrétiens de Nagrān et la chronologie ḥimyarite, ARAM 11/12, 1999/2000, s. 15–83.

Beaucamp J., Le rôle de Byzance en mer Rouge sous le règne de Justin, mythe ou réalité?, [in:] Juifs et Chrétiens en Arabie aux Ve et Vie siècles. Regards croisés sur les sources, eds. J. Beaucamp, F. Briquel-Chatonnet, C.J. Robin, Paris 2010, s. 197–220.

Beaucamp J., Robin Ch.J., Le Christianisme dans la Péninsule Arabique d’après l’épigraphie et l’archéologie, TM 8, 1981, s. 45–61 [=Hommage à M. Paul Lemerle].

Beeston A.F.L., Himyarite Monotheism, [in:] Studies in the History of Arabia, t. II. Pre-Islamic Arabia, eds. A. Abdalla, S. al-Sakkar, R. Mortel, Riyadh 1984.

Beeston A.F.L., Languages of Pre-Islamic Arabia, Ara 28. 2/3, Numéro Spécial Double: Études de Linguistique Arabe (Jun.– Sep., 1981), s. 178–186.

Beeston A.F.L., Notes on Old South Arabian lexicography VI, Mu 67, 1954, s. 311–322.

Beeston A.F.L., Some Observations on Greek And Latin Data Relating to South Arabia, BSOAS, 42.1, 1979, s. 7–12.

Beeston A.F.L., Two Bi’r Ḥimā Inscriptions Re-Examined, BSOAS 48.1,1985, s. 42–52.

Bellamy J.A., A new reading of the Namārah inscription, JAOS 105, 1985, s. 31–51.

Bennett E., The ‘Queens of the Arabs’ During the Neo-Assyrian Period, PhD Helsinki 2021, online: https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/328402

Bennett J., Trajan “Optimus Princeps” A life and times, London 1997.

Berger A., Christianity in South Arabia in the 6th Century AD – Truth and Legend, [in:] Arabia, Greece and Byzantium. Cultural Contacts in Ancient and Medieval Times, vol. II, eds. A. Al-Helabi, D.G. Letsios, M. Al-Moraekhi, A. Al-Abduljabbar, Riyadh 2012/AH 1433, s. 155–162.

Berkey J., The Formation of Islam. Religion and Society in the Near East, 600–1800, Cambridge 2003.

Berlin A.M., The archaeology of ritual: the sanctuary of Pan at Banias/Caesarea Philippi, BSOAS 315, 1999, s. 27–45.

Bertinelli M.G.A., I Romani oltre l’Eufrate nel II secolo d.C. (le province di Assiria, di Mesopotamiae di Osroene), [in:] ANRW, Teil II, Principat, Bd. IX.1, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen und Randvölker), Mesopotamien, Armenien, Iran, Südarabien, Rom und der Ferne Osten, ed. H. Temporini, Berlin 1976, s. 3–45.

Bertolino R., À propos des tribus hatréennes, ARAM 28, 2017, s. 339–343.

Bevan G., Fisher G., Genequand D., The late antique church at Tall al-Umayri East. New evidence for the Jafnid family and the cult of St. Sergius in northern Jordan, BASOR 373, 2015, s. 49–68.

Bevan V.B., The Student’s Manual of Ancient Geography, ed. W. Smith, London 1867.

Bietenhard H., Die Dekapolis von Pompeius bis Traian, ZDPV 79, 1963, s. 24–58.

Bietenhard H., Die syrische Dekapolis von Pompeius bis Trajan, [in:] ANRW, Teil II, Principat, Bd VIII, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen und Randvölker: Syrien, Palästina, Arabien), eds. H. Temporini, W. Haase, Berlin 1977, s. 220–261.

Bin Talal H., Christianity in the Arab World, Amman 1994.

Bingelli A., L’apport des versions orientales à l’édition des textes grecs. Les Récits d’Anastase le Sinaïte, [in:] Le manuscrit dans tous ses états, cycle thématique 2005–2006 de l’IRHT, eds. S. Fellous, C. Heid, M.-H. Jullien, T. Buquet, Paris 2006.

Bingelli A., Un nouveau témoin des Narrationes d’Anastase le Sinaïte dans les membra disjecta d’un manuscrit sinaïtique (Sinaiticus ΜΓ6 + ΜΓ21), REB 62, 2004, s. 261–268.

Binns J., Ascetics and ambassadors of Christ : the monasteries of Palestine, 314–631, Oxford 1994.

Binns J., Introduction, [in:] Cyril of Scythopolis, The Lives of the Monks of Palestine, transl. R.M. Price with introd. and notes by J. Binns, Kalamazoo 1991, s. IX–LII.

Bizancjum i Arabowie. Spotkanie cywilizacji, red. P. Filipczak, T. Wolińska, Łódź 2015.

Blochet E., Le culte d’Aphrodite-Anahita chez les Arabes du paganisme, Paris 1902.

Blockley R.C., East Roman Foreign Policy: Formation and Conduct from Diocletian to Anastasius, Leeds 1992.

Blockley R.C., Introduction, [in:] The History of Menander the Guardsman, Liverpool 1985, s. 1–30.

Blockley R.C., Malchus of Philadelphia, [in:] The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus, t. 1, Liverpool 1981, s. 71–130.

Blois F. de, Islam in its Arabian context, [in:] The Quran in Context, Historical and Literary Investigations into the Quranic Milieu, eds. A. Neuwirth, N. Sinai, M. Marx, Leiden 2010, s. 615–624.

Blois F. de, The date of the martyrs of Nagran, ArAE 1, 1990, s. 110–128.

Błuszkowski J., Stereotypy narodowe w świadomości Polaków, Warszawa 2003.

Boch F. l, Jabal Says —from frontier protecting Castrum to cross-frontier Qasr?; [in:] Residences, Castles, Settlements. Transformation Processes from Late Antiquity to Early Islam in Bilad al-Sham, eds. K. Bartl, A.R. Moaz, Rahden 2008, s. 309–316.

Bommelaer B., Introduction, [in:] Diodore de Sicile, Bibliotheque historique, livre III, ed., trad. B. Bommelaer, Paris 1989, s. III–LXXI.

Börm H., A threat or a blessing? The Sasanians and the Roman empire, [in:] Diwan. Untersuchungen zu Geschichte und Kultur des Nahen Ostens und des östlichen Mittelmeerraumes im Altertum. Festschrift für Josef Wisehöfer zum 65. Geburtstag, eds. C. Binder, H. Börm, A. Luther, Duisburg 2016, s. 615–646.

Borrut A., Entre mémoire et pouvoir: L’éspace syrien sous les derniers Omeyyades et les premiers Abbasides (v. 72–193/692–809), Leiden–Boston 2011.

Botha P.J., Kritzinger J.P.K., Rhetoric and Argument in Chapter VI of Jerome’s Vita Malchi Monachi Captivi, ἘΦ 95, n.s. 24, 2013, s. 283–293.

Bowers Peterson S., The Cult of Dushara and the Roman Annexation of Nabataea, 2006, https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/10302/1/fulltext.pdf (Open Access Dissertations and Theses, Paper 5352).

Bowersock G.W., A Report on Arabia Provincia, JRS 61, 1971, s. 219–242.

Bowersock G.W., Arabs and Saracens in Historia Augusta, [in:] Bonner Historia Augusta Colloquim 1984–5, Bonn 1987 [=G.W. Bowersock, Studies on the Eastern Roman Empire, Goldbach 1994].

Bowersock G.W., Empires in Collision in Late Antiquity, Lebanon, NH 2012.

Bowersock G.W., Jacoby’s Fragments and Two Greek Historians of Pre-Islamic Arabia, [in:] Collecting Fragments, Aporemata 1, ed. G.W. Most, Göttingen 1997, s. 173–185.

Bowersock G.W., Limes Arabicus, HSCP 80, 1976, s. 219–229.

Bowersock G.W., Mavia, Queen of the Saracens, [in:] Studien zur antiken Sozialgeschichte. Festschrift F. Vittinghoff, ed. W. Eck, H. Galsterer, H. Wolff, Vienna 1980, s. 477–495.

Bowersock G.W., Naming a province: more on New Arabia, ZPE 56, 1984, s. 221–222.

Bowersock G.W., Perfumes and Power, [in:] Profumi d’Arabia. Atti del Convegno, a cura di A. Avanzini Roma 1997, s. 551–553.

Bowersock G.W., Polytheism and Monotheism in Arabia and the Three Palestines, DOP, 51, 1997, s. 1–10.

Bowersock G.W., Roman Arabia, Cambridge, Mass. 1983.

Bowersock G.W., The Annexation and Initial Garrison of Arabia, ZPE 5, 1970, s. 37–47.

Bowersock G.W., The Babatha Papyri, Masada and Rome, JRA 4, 1991, s. 336–344.

Bowersock G.W., The Crucible of Islam, Cambridge, MA 2017.

Bowersock G.W., The Greek-Nabatean Bilingual Inscription of Ruwwafa, Saudi Arabia, [in:] Le monde grec, pensée, litterature, documents. Hommages à Claire Preaux, Bruxelles 1975, s. 513–522.

Bowersock G.W., The Idolatry of Holiness, [in:] idem, Hellenism in Late Antiquity, Ann Arbor 1990.

Bowersock G.W., The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Kingdomin Arabia, IAS 8, 2011, s. 8 https://www.ias.edu/ideas/2011/bowersock-jewish-arabia [= G.W. Bowersock, The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Kingdomin Arabia, Studying the Near and Middle East at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton 1935–2018, ed. S. Schmidtke, Piscataway 2018, s. 33–34].

Bowersock G.W., The Throne of Adulis. Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam, Oxford 2013.

Bowersock G.W., Tylos and Tyre: Bahrain in the Graeco-roman World, [in:] Bahrain through the Ages: The Archaeology, ed. S.H.A. Al Khalifa, M. Rice, London 1986, s. 399–406.

Brandes W., Der frühe Islam in der byzantinischen Historiographie. Anmerkungen zur Quellenproblematik der Chronographia des Theophanes, [in:] Jenseits der Grenzen. Beiträge zur spätantiken und frühmittelalterlichen Geschichtsschreibung, eds. A Goltz, H. Leppin, H. Schlange-Schöningen, Berlin 2009, s. 313–343.

Brands G., Der sogenannte Audienzsaal des al-Munzir in Resafa, DM 10, 1998, s. 211–235.

Brands G., Old and New Order: City and Territorium of Ruṣāfa in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, [in:] Le Proche-Orient de Justinien aux Abbasides, eds. A. Borrut et al., Paris 2007, s. 59–76.

Bray J., Christian king, Muslim apostate, depictions of Jabala ibn al-Ayham in early Arabic sources, [in:] Writing ‘True Stories’, Historians and Hagiographers in the Late Antique and Medieval Near East, eds. A. Papaconstantinou, M. Debié, H. Kennedy, Turnhout 2010, s. 175–203.

Breeze D.J., The Frontiers of Imperial Rome, Barnsley 2011.

Breytenbach M.M., A Queen for All Seasons: Zenobia of Palmyra, Akro 50, 2005, s. 51–66.

Brill’s Companion to Procopius, eds. M. Meier, F. Montinaro, Leiden 2016.

Brock S.P., A Letter Attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem on the Rebuilding of the Temple, BSOAS 40, 1977, s. 267–286.

Brock S.P., Syriac Historical Writing: A Survey of the Main Sources, JIA.SC 5, 1979/1980, s. 297–326 [= Idem, Studies in Syriac christianity, Burlington 1992, s. 1–30.

Brock S.P., Syriac on Sinai: The Main Connections, [in:] Eukosmia: Studi miscellanei per il 75o di Vincenzo Poggi S.J., ed. V. Ruggieri, L. Pieralli, Soveria Mannelli 2003, s. 103–117.

Brock S.P., Syriac Sources for Seventh-Century History, BMGS 2, 1976, s. 17–36.

Brooks E.W., A Syriac chronicle of the year 846, ZDMG 51, 1897, s. 569–588.

Brooks E.W., The Patriarch Paul of Antioch and the Alexandrine Schism of 575, BZ 30, 1930, s. 468–476.

Brooks E.W., The sources of Theophanes and the Syriac chronicles, BZ 15, 1906, s. 578–587.

Brown P., Authority and the Sacred: Aspects of the Christianisation of the Roman World, Cambridge 1995.

Brown P., The rise and function of the Holy Man in Late Antiquity, JRS 61.1, 1971, s. 80–101.

Browning R., Petra, London 1973.

Brünnow R.E., Domaszewski A. von, Provincia Arabia III, Strasbourg 1909.

Bruns J., Dictionarium syriaco-latinum, Beryti Phoeniciorum 1895.

Brzozowska Z.A., Boginie przedmuzułmańskiej Arabii (Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, Manat), [in:] Bizancjum i Arabowie. Spotkanie cywilizacji, red. P. Filipczak, T. Wolińska, Łódź 2015, s. 62–87.

Bukharin M.D., Mecca on the caravan routes in pre-Islamic antiquity, [in:] The Quran in Context, Historical and Literary Investigations into the Quranic Milieu, eds. A. Neuwirth, N. Sinai, M. Marx, Leiden 2010, s. 115–134.

Bukharin M.D., The Coastal Arabia and the adjacent Sea-Basins in the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea (Trade, Geography and Navigation), [in:] Autour du Périple de la mer Érythrée, eds. M.-F. Boussac, J.-F. Salles, J.-B. Yon, Lyon 2012, s. 177–236.

Bundy D.D., Jacob Baradaeus. The state of research. A review of sources and a new approach, Mu 91, 1978, s. 45–86.

Bundy D.D., Marcion and the Marcionites in Early Syriac Apologetics, Mu 101, 1988, s. 21–32.

Buquet Th., Les panthères de Timothée de Gaza dans l’encyclopédie zoologique de Constantin VII, Ru 7, 2012, s. 2–18.

Burgersdijk D., Rome and Palmyra in the Crisis of the Third Century CE, [in:] Conference: International Symposium on Hellenistic Legacies on the Silk Road, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, August 17–20, 2018, Nankai University, Tianjin, dostępny na academia.edu.

Burgersdijk D., Zenobia’s biography in the Historia Augusta, Ta 36/37, 2005, s. 139–151.

Burgersdijk D.W.P., Style and structure of the Historia Augusta, PhD thesis Universiteit van Amsterdam 2010, https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.326523.

Burliga B., Jak zabić króla? Aleksander Macedoński i arabski asasyn (Kwintus Kurcjusz Rufus, 4. 6. 15–16), [in:] W kręgu antycznej politei. Księga ofiarowana Janowi Ilukowi, red. W. Gajewski, I. Milewski, Gdańsk 2017, s. 56–71.

Burns R., Monuments of Syria. An Historical Guide, London 1992.

Burrowes R.D., Historical Dictionary of Yemen, London 1995.

Burstein M., Troglodytes = Blemmyes = Beja? The Misuse of Ancient Ethnography, [in:] The Archaeology of Mobility: Old World and New World Nomadism, eds. H. Barnard, W.Z. Wendrich, Los Angeles 2008, s. 250–263.

Burstein S.M., Agatharchides of Cnidus, London 1989.

Burton R., The Gold Mines of Midian, Londres, 1878.

Burton R., The Land of Midian Revisited, Londres 1879.

Butcher K., A vast process, Rome, Parthia, and the formation of the eastern “client” states, JRA 7, 1994 , s. 447–453.

Butcher K., Roman Syria and the Near East, London 2003.

Butler H.C., Publications of the Princeton Expedition to Syria 1904–1905 and 1909, Division II Architecture, Section B, Leiden 1920.

Byrne R., Early Assyrian Contacts with Arabs and the Impact on Levantine Vassal Tribute, BASOR 331, 2003, s. 11–25.

Callot O., A new chronology for the Arabian Alexanders, [in:] Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms. Studies in the Monetization of Ancient Arabia, eds. M. Huth, P. G. Van Alfen, New York 2010, s. 383–402.

Calvet Y., Monuments paléo-chrétiens à Koweit et dans la région du Golf, [in:] Symposium Syriacum VII: Uppsala University, Department of Asian and African Languages, 11–14 August 1996, ed. R. Lavenant, Rome 1998, 655–685.

Calvet Y., Robin C.J., Arabie heureuse, Arabie déserte. Les antiquités arabiques du Musée du Louvre, NDMF 31, 1997, s. 265–269.

Cambridge Companion to Tacitus, The, ed. A. J. Woodman, Cambridge, 2009.

Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, The, ed. M. Maas, Cambridge 2005.

Cameron A., The Later Roman Empire, London 1993.

Cameron Av., Procopius and the Sixth Century, Berkeley 1985.

Cameron H., Making Mesopotamia: Geography and Empire in a Romano-Iranian Borderland, Leiden–Boston 2019.

Camplani A., Traditions of Christian Foundation in Edessa Between Myth and History, SMSR 75.1, 2009, s. 251–278.

Canellis A., Désert et ville dans la Correspondance de saint Jérôme, VC 67, 2013, s. 22–48.

Caner D.F., Anastasius of Sinai, Tales of The Sinai Fathers, and Edifying Tales (Selections): Introduction, [in:] idem, History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, Liverpool 2010, s. 172–173.

Caner D.F., History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, Liverpool 2010.

Caner D.F., Introduction, [in:] idem, History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, Liverpool 2010, s. 1–69.

Caner D.F., Pseudo-Nilus’ Narrations: Introduction, [in:] idem, History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, Liverpool 2010, s. 73–83.

Caner D.F., The Amonius Report. Introduction, [in:] idem, History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai, Liverpool 2010, s. 141–149.

Caner D.F., Wandering, Begging Monks. Spiritual Authority and the Promotion of Monasticism in Late Antiquity, Berkeley 2002.

Canivet P., Le monachisme syrien selon Théodoret de Cyr, Paris 1977.

Cantineau J., Textes palmyréniens du Temple de Bel, Sy 12, 1931, s. 116–142.

Caquot A., Le Dieu Athtar et les Textes de Ras Shamra, Sy 35.1/2, 1958, s. 45–60.

Carra de Vaux, La légende de Bahira, ROC 2, 1897, s. 439–454.

Carriker A.J., The Library of Eusebius of Cesarea, Leiden–Boston 2003, s. 37–64.

Carter R.A., Christianity in the Gulf during the first centuries of Islam, ArAE 19.1, 2008, s. 71–108.

Cary M., Warmington E.H., The Ancient Explorers, London 1929 [=Baltimore 1963].

Casson L., General Commentary, [in:] The Periplus Maris Erythraei, Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary L. Casson, Princeton, NJ. 1989, s. 94–243.

Castellana P., Fernandez R., Pefia I., Les Stylites syriens, Milano 1975.

Caton S.C., Anthropological theories of tribe and state formation in the Middle East: ideology and the semiotics of power, [in:] Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, eds. P.S. Khoury, J. Kostiner, Berkeley 1990, s. 74–108.

Caton-Thompson G., The Tombs and Moon Temple of Hureidha, Oxford 1944.

Cerulli S., Bostra: note sul sistema viario urbano e nuovi apporti alla comprensione delle fasi edilizie del santuario dei SS. Sergio, Bacco e Leonzio, FR 115, 1978, s. 79–120.

Changing Nomads in a Changing World, eds. J. Ginat, A. Khazanov, Brighton 1998.

Chapot V., Resapha-Sergiopolis, BCH 27, 1903, s. 280–291.

Charles H., Le Christianisme des Arabes nomades sur le Limes et dam, le désert syro-mésopotamien aux alentours de l’hégire, Paris 1936.

Chaumont M.-L., La route royale des Parthes de Zeugma à Séleucie du Tigre d’après l’Itinéraire d’Isidore de Charax, Sy 61, 1984, s. 63–107.

Chestnut G.F., The First Christian Histories. Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, 2nd ed., Macon Ga. 1986.

Chitty D.J., The desert a city. An Introduction to the Study of Egyptian and Palestian Monasticism Under the Christian Empire, 3 ed., New York 1999.

Christides V., Adventures in the Sixth Century Red Sea: The Nubians Who Never Came, [in:] Graeco-Africana et Afro-Byzantina. Proceedings of the international conference on Graeco-African and Afro-Byzantine studies at the University of Johannesburg (27 October – 1 November 2014), eds. Th. Sansaridou-Hendrickx, B. Hendrickx, Johannesburg, 2016, s. 68–79.

Christides V., Arabs as ‘Barbaroi’ before the Rise of Islam, BS 10, 1969, s. 322–323.

Christides V., Once again the ‘Narrations’ of Nilus-Sinaiticus. The nomad Arabs of Sinai in pre-Islamic times, myth, and reality, [in:] N. Al-Jallad, People from the Desert. Pre-Islamic Arabs in History and Culture, Wiesbaden 2012, s. 10–18.

Christides V., Once again the „Narrations” of Nilus Sinaiticus, B 43, 1973, s. 39–50.

Christides V., Religious Syncretism in the Near East: Allāt-Athena in Palmyra, CCO 1, 2003, s. 65–81.

Christides V., Saracens’ “Prodosia” in Byzantine Sources, B 40.1, 1970, s. 5–13.

Christides V., The Himyarite-Ethiopian war and the Ethiopian occupation of South Arabia in the acts of Gregentius (ca. 530 A.D.), AEt 9, 1972, s. 115–146.

Christides V., The Names ΑΡΑΒΕΣ, ΣΑΡΑΚΗΝΟΙ etc. and their False Byzantine Etymologies, BZ 65, 1972, s. 329–333.

Ciecieląg J., Polityczne dziedzictwo Heroda Wielkiego Palestyna w epoce rzymsko-herodiańskiej, Kraków 2002.

Claes L., Exit Gordianus, but how? Shapur’s Trilingual Inscription Revisited, Sy 95, 2018, s. 357–371.

Clark V., Parker S., The Late Roman Observation and Signalling System, [in:] The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Interim Report on the Limes Arabicus Project 1980–1985, Oxford 1987, s. 165–181.

Classes M., Divinites arabes, http://www.mathieu-colas.fr/michel/Classes/Divinites_arabes.pdf.

Clemente G., La Notitia Dignitatum: L’immagine e la realtà dell’impero tra IV e V secolo, [in:] Istituzioni, carismi ed esercizio del potere (IV–VI secolo d.C.), eds. G Bonamente, R. Lizzi Testa, Bari 2010, s. 117–135.

Clines D.J., Sawyer F.A., Midian, Moab and Edom: The History and Archaeology of Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia, London 1983 [= JSOT.SS 24].

Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms. Studies in Ancient Arabian Monetization, eds. M. Huth, P. G. van Allen, New York 2010.

Cole J., Muhammad. Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires, New York 2018.

Companion to Josephus, A, eds. H. Chapman, Z. Rodgers, Oxford 2016.

Companion to Tacitus, A, ed. V.E. Pagán, Malden, MA u. a. 2012.

Conrad L.I., The Arabs to the Time of the Prophet, [in:] The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire, ed. J. Shepard, Cambridge 2009.

Conrad L.I., Abraha and Muhammad: Some observation a propos of Chronology and Literary “topoi” in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition, BSOAS 50.2, 1987, s. 225–240.

Conrad L.I., Epidemic disease in central Syria in the late sixth century, some new insights from the verse of Hassan ibn Thabit, BMGS 18, 1994, s. 12–58.

Conrad L.I., Syriac perspectives on Bilād al-Shām during the Abbasid period, [in:] Bilād al-Shām during the Abbasid period: Fifth international conference on the history of Bilād al-Shām, eds. M. Adnan al-Bakhit, R. Schick, Amman 1991, s. 23–24.

Conrad L.I., Theophanes and Arabic Historical Tradition: Some Indications of Intercultural Transmission, BF, 15, 1990, s. 1– 44.

Conrad, L.I., Eastern Neighbours: The Arabs to the Time of the Prophet, [in:] The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire, ed. J. Shepard, Cambridge 2019, s. 173–195.

Constantelos D.J., The Moslem Conquest of Near East as Revealed in Greek Sources of the VIIth and the VIIIth Century, B 42, 1972, s. 325–357.

Conterno M., ”Storytelling” and ”History writing” in Seventh-Century Near East, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278828661_Storytelling_and_History_writing_in_Seventh-Century_Near_East

Conversion to Christianity. Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation, ed. R.W. Hefner, Berkeley 1993.

Conversion. Old Worlds and New, eds. K. Mills, A. Grafton, Rochester NY 2003.

Cook M., Crone P., Hagarism. Making of the Islamic World, Cambridge–London–New York–Melbourne 1977.

Cooke G.A., A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions. Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish, Oxford 1903.

Corriente F., Dictionary of Arabie and Allied Loanwords: Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects, Leiden–Boston 2008.

Costa P., A Latin-Greek inscription from the Jawf of the Yemen, PSAS 7, 1977, s. 69–72.

Cotton H. M., ̒Η νέα ἐπαρχεία ̓Αραβία: The New Province of Arabia in the Papyri from the Judaean Desert, ZPE 116, 1997, s. 204–208.

Cowper B.H., The Chronicle of Edessa, JSLBR 5 (9), 1865, s. 28–45.

Crone P., “Barefoot and Naked”: What did the Bedouin of the Arab Conquests Look Like?, [in:] Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar’s Eightieth Birthday, Leiden 2008 [= Muq 25, 2008, s.1–10].

Crone P., Hinds M., God’s Caliph, Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam, Cambridge 1986.

Crone P., Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam, Princeton–New York 1987.

Crone P., Medieval Muslim Political Thought, Edinburgh 2004.

Crone P., Quraysh and the Roman Army Making Sense of the Meccan Leather Trade, BSOAS 70.1, 2007, s. 63–89.

Crown A.D., The Byzantine and Muslim period, [in:] The Samaritans, ed. A.D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 70–78.

Cumont F., Mithra et Dusarès, RHR 78, 1918, s. 207–212.

Cumont F., The Population of Syria, JRS 24.2, 1934, s. 187–190.

Cuvigny H., Qāni’ chez les auteurs grecs et latins, [in] Qāni’. Le port antique du Ḥaḍramawt entre la Méditerranée, l’Afrique et l’Inde. Fouilles russes 1972, 1985–89, 1991, 1993–94 (Indicopleustoi. Archaeologies of the Indian Ocean, 6, Preliminary Reports of the Russian Archaeological Mission to the Republic of Yemen, IV), eds. J.-F. Salles, A. Sedov, Turnhout 2010, s. 419–436.

Dąbrowa E., The Arsacid Empire, [in:] The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, ed. T. Daryaee, Oxford 2012, s. 164–186.

Daems A.,The terracotta fiurines from ed-Dur (Umm al-Qaiwain, U.A.E.), the human representations, ArAE 15.1, 2004, s. 92–104.

Dahari U., Monastic Settlements in South Sinai in the Byzantine Period: The Archaeological Remains, IAA Reports, vol. 9. Jerusalem 2000, s. 15–20.

Dale A., WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings, Kad 54.1/2, 2015, s. 151–166.

Danecki J., Arabowie, Warszawa 2015.

Dar S., Settlement and cult sites on Mount Hermon, Israel, BAR.IS 589,1993, s. 27–92.

Daryaee T., Kingship in early Sasanian Iran, [in:] The Sasanian Era, eds. V.S. Curtis, S. Stewart, London 2008, s. 60–70.

Daryaee T., Sasanian Persia. The Rise and Fall of an Empire, 2nd ed. London 2013.

Daryaee T., The Persian Gulf trade in late antiquity, JWH 14, 2003, s. 1–16.

Daryaee T., The Sasanian ‘mare nostrum’, the Persian Gulf, IJSIA 2/3, 2016, s. 40–45.

Daryaee T., The Sasanian empire (224–651 CE), [in:] The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, ed. T. Daryaee, Oxford 2012, s. 187–207.

Dauphin C., Pèlerinage ghassanide au sanctuaire byzantin de Saint Jean-Baptiste à Er-Ramthaniyye en Gaulantide, [in:] Akten des XII. Internationalen Kongresses Für Christliche Archäologie, Bonn 22.–28. September 1991, vol. II, eds. E. Dassman, J. Engeman, Münster 1995, s. 667–673.

Davidson R.M., The Children of the East, JAMS 14.1, 2019, s. 48–77.

De Procé S.M., Phillips C., South Arabian inscriptions from the Farasān Islands (Saudi Arabia), PSAS 40, 2010, s. 277–282.

Debié M., L’écriture de l’histoire en syriaque: Transmissions interculturelles et constructions identitaires entre hellénisme et Islam, Leuven–Paris–Bristol 2015, s. 572–573 [=Late antique history and religion, 12].

Debié M., Les controverses miaphysites en Arabie et Le Coran, [in:] Les controverses religieuses en syriaque, ed. F. Ruani, Paris 2016, s. 137–156.

Debié M., Syriac Historiography and Identity Formation, ChHRC 89.1/3, 2009, s. 93–114.

Debié M., Writing History as Histoires: The Biographical Dimension of East Syriac Historiography, [in:] Writing True Stories: Historians and Hagiographers in the Late Antique and Medieval Near East, Turnhout 2010, s. 43–75.

Debié M., Taylor D.G.K., Syriac and Syro-Arabic Historical Writing, c. 500–c. 1400, [in:] The Oxford History of Historical Writing, t. II. Oxford 2012, s. 155–179.

Decker M., Towers, Refuges, and Fortified Farms in the Late Roman East, LAn 56, 2006, s. 499–520.

Degórski B., Lo status quaestionis degli studi riguardanti le tre Vitae Sanctorum Patrum Eremitarum composte da san Girolamo, BPT 14.1, 2021, s. 9–39.

Delehaye H., Les Saints stylites, Bruxelles 1923.

Delitzsch F., Wo lag das Paradies? eine biblisch-assyriologische Studie, mit zahlreichen assyriologischen Beiträgen zur biblischen Länder- und Völkerkunde, Leipzig 1881.

Delplace Ch., Palmyre, de la ville – centre commercial international – à la ville – centre militaire et chrétien, [in:] Le Levant: Carrefour de l’Antiquité tardive Histoire, religion et archéologie, eds. E. Bradshaw Aitken, J.M. Fossey, Leiden–Boston 2014, s. 225–253.

Dentzer-Feydi J., A propos du temple dit de Dousarès à Si, Sy 56, 1979, s. 325–332.

Der römische Alexanderhistoriker Curtius Rufus. Erzähltechnik, Rhetorik, Figurenpsychologie und Rezeption, ed. H. Wulfram, Wien 2016.

Derenbourg H., Le culte de la déesse al Ouzza en Arabie au IVème siècle de notre ère, [in:] Recueil de mémoires orientaux, ed. Leroux E., Paris 1905, s. 31–40.

Detoraki M., Un hagiographe à l’œuvre: le Martyre d’Aréthas et ses sources, [in:] Juifs et Chrétiens en Arabie aux Ve et VIe siècles. Regards croisés sur les sources, eds. J. Beaucamp, F. Briquel-Chatonnet, C.J. Robin, Paris 2010, s. 177–190.

Devos P., Les Martyrs persans à travers leurs actes syriaques, [in:] Atti del Convegno sul tema La Persia e il mondo greco-romano, Roma 1966, s. 213–225.

Devos P., Quelques aspects de la nouvelle lettre, rècentement découverte, de Siméon de Beth Arsiìm sur le martyrs himyarites, [in:] Atti V Congr. Int. di Studi Etiopici, (Rome 1972), Rome 1974, s. 107–116.

Devreesse R., Arabes-Perses et Arabes- Romains, Lakhmides et Ghassanides, V&P 2.2, 1942, s. 263–307.

Devreesse R., Le christianisme dans la péninsule sinaïtique des origines à l’arrivée des Musulmans, RB 49, 1940, s. 205–223.

Diehl Ch., Byzantine Empresses, London 1964.

Dignas B., Winter E., Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity, Neighbours and Rivals, Cambridge 2007.

Dihle A., Greek and Latin Literature of the Roman Empire from Augustus to Justinian, transl. M. Malzahn, London 1994.

Dihle A., L’ambassade de Théophile l’Indien réexaminée, [in:] L’Arabie préislamique et son environnement historique et culturel. Actes de Colloque de Strasbourg 24–27 juin 1987, ed. T. Fahd, Leiden 1989, s. 461–468.

Dijkstra K., Life and Loyalty. A Study in the Socio-Religious Culture of Syria and Mesopotamia in the Graeco-Roman Period Based on Epigraphical Evidence, Leiden–New York–Köln 1995.

Dilke O.A.W., Cartography in the Byzantine Empire, [in:] The History of Cartography, t. I, Cartography in prehistoric, ancient, and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, eds. J.B. Harley, D. Woodward, Chicago 1987.

Dilke O.A.W., Itineraries and Geographical Maps in the Early and Late Roman Empires, [in:] The History of Cartography, t. 1, Cartography in prehistoric, ancient, and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, eds. J.B. Harley, D. Woodward, Chicago 1987, s. 234–257.

Dirven L., Hatra, a ‘pre-Islamic Mecca’ in the eastern Jazirah, ARAM 18/19, 2006/2007, s. 363–380.

Dirven L., Hatra, un exemple exceptionnel de l’art parthe, DosAr 334, 2009, s. 46–55.

Dirven L., Religious Frontiers in the Syrian – Mesopotamian Desert, [in:] Frontiers in the Roman World Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durham, 16–19 April 2009), eds. O. Heksterand, T. Kaizer, Leiden–Boston 2011, s. 157–174.

Dirven L., The arrival of the goddess Allat in Palmyra, Mez 33, 1998, s. 297–307.

Dirven L., The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A study of religious interaction in Roman Syria, Leiden 1999.

Divination arabe: Études religieuses, sociologiques et folkloriques sur le milieu natif de l’Islam, La, ed. T Fahd, Paris 1987.

Dodgeon M., Lieu S., The Roman Eastem Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226–363). A Documentary History, London 1991.

Doe B., Arabia Południowa, przeł. M. Gawlikowski, Warszawa 1979.

Dolinka B.J., Nabataean Aila (Aqaba, Jordan) from a Ceramic Perspective: Local and intra-regional trade in Aqaba Ware during the first and second centuries AD. Evidence from the Roman Aqaba Project, Oxford 2003.

Donner F., Ksenofont’s Arabia, Iq 48, 1986, s. 1–14.

Donner F., Muhammad and the Believers. At the Origins of Islam, Cambridge, MA 2010.

Donner F., Narratives of Islamic Origins. The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing, Princeton NJ 1998.

Donner F., The background to Islam, [in:] The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. M. Maas, Cambridge 2005, s. 510–533.

Donner F., The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton 1981.

Donner H., Isis in Petra, Leipzig 1995.

Doody A., Pliny’s Encyclopedia: The Reception of the Natural History, Cambridge–New York 2010.

Dougherty R.P., Nabonidus and Belshazzar, New Hawen 1929.

Doumato E.A., Hearing Other Voices: Christian Women and the Coming of Islam, IJMES 23.2, 1991, s. 177–199.

Downey G., A History of Antioch in Syria, Princeton 1961.

Dozeman Th.B., The Wilderness and Salvation History in the Hagar Story, JBL 117.1, Spring 1998, s. 23–43.

Drijvers H.J.W., De matre inter leones sedente: Iconography and character of the Arab goddess Allât [in:] Hommages à Maarten J. Vermaseren, vol. 1, Leiden 2015, s. 331–351.

Drijvers H.J.W., The Religion of Palmyra, Leiden 1976.

Drijvers H.J.W., The Abgar Legend, [in:] New Testament Apocrypha 1, Gospels and Related Writings, eds. W. Schneemelcher, R. Wilson, Cambridge 1991, s. 492–500.

Drijvers H.J.W., Das Heiligtum der arabischen Gottin Allat im westlichen Stadttteil von Palmyra, AW 7.3, 1976, s. 23–38.

Drijvers H.J.W., Inscriptions from Allat’s sanctuary, ARAM 7, 1995, s. 109–119.

Drijvers H.J.W., Marcionism in Syria: Principles, Problems, Polemics, SCent 6, 1987/88, s. 153–172.

Drijvers H.J.W., Healey J.F., The Old Syriac Inscriptions of Edessa and Osrhoene. Texts, Translations and Commentary, Leiden 1999.

Duchesne L., L’Église au VIe siècle, Paris 1925.

Duchesne L., Les missions chrétiennes au sud de l’Empire Romain, MAHEFR 16, 1896, s. 79–122.

Duchesne L., Notes sur le massacre des chrétiens himyarites au temps de l’empereur Justin, [in:] RE X, 1890, s. 220–224.

Dueck D., Strabo of Amasia, Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome, London 2000.

Duff T. E., Plutarch’s Lives. Exploring Virtue and Vice, Oxford 1999.

Dugast F., Gajda I., Contacts between Ethiopia and South Arabia in the first millennium AD: an overview, [in:] Pre-Islamic South Arabia and its Neighbours: New Developments of Research. Proceedings of the 17th Rencontres Sabéennes held in Paris, 6–8 June 2013, eds. M. Arbach, J. Schiettecatte, Oxford 2015, s. 79–94.

Dussaud R., La Penetration des Arabes en Syrie avant 1’Islam, Paris 1955.

Dussaud R., Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale, Paris 1927.

Dussaud R., Macler F., Rapport sur une mission scientifique dans les régions désertiques de la Syrie moyenne, NAMSL 10, 1902, s. 411–724.

Dziekan M.M., Arabia magica. Wiedza tajemna u Arabów przed islamem, Warszawa 2014.

Dziekan M.M., Arabowie przed islamem. Narodziny nowej religii, [in:] Bizancjum i Arabowie. Spotkanie cywilizacji, red. P. Filipczak, T. Wolińska, Łódź 2015, s. 45–61.

Eadie J.,The Evolution of the Roman Frontier in Arabia, [in:] The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East: Proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986, eds. Ph. Freeman, D. Kennedy, Oxford 1986, s. 243–252.

Edgell H.S., Arabian Deserts Nature, Origin, and Evolution, Dordrecht 2006.

Edwell P.M., Between Rome and Persia: the middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Palmyra under Roman control, London–New York 2008, s. 31–62.

Edwell P.M., Sasanian Interactions with Rome and Byzantium, [in:] The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, ed. D.T. Potts, Oxford 2013, s. 840–856.

Edwell P., Fisher G., Greatrex G., Whately C., Wood P., Arabs in the conflict between Rome and Persia, ad 491–630, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 214–275.

Effe B., Der Aufbau von Nikanders Theriaka und Alexipharmaka, RhMPh, NF 117, 1974, s. 53–66.

Eftekhari N.Kh, Zamani Z., Ghiesari E., Quran’s Approach In Economic Sphere Of Ignorant Arab’s Culture, KChAJBMR 4.1, 2014, s. 266–277.

Elad A., Community of believers of “holy men” and “saints” or community of Muslims? The rise and development of Early Muslim historiography, JSS 47, 2002, s. 241–308.

El-Nowieemy M., Arabia in Roman Sources: The Evidence of Latin Poetry, [in:] Arabia, Greece and Byzantium. Cultural Contacts in Ancient and Medieval Times, t. II, ed. A. Al-Helabi, D.G. Letzios, M. Al-Moraekhi, A. Al-Abduljabbar, Riyadh 2012, s. 131–144.

Elton H., Writing the histories of Romans and Arabs in the fifth-century Roman East, [in:] Inside and Out. Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers, eds. J. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven 2014, s. 235–248.

Emion M., Des soldats de l’armée romaine tardive : les protectores (IIIe–VIe siècles ap. J.-C.), vol. II, Prosopographie et annexes, PhD Rouen 2017, https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01740232/file/these_maxime_emion_annexes.pdf

Ephʿal I., „Ishmael” and „Arab(s)”: a Transmission of Ethnological Terms, JNES 35.4, 1976, s. 225–235.

Ephʿal I., The Ancient Arabs. Nomads on the Borders of the Fertile Crescent 9th–5th Centuries B.C., Jerusalem 1982.

Erickson-Gini T., Oboda and the Nabateans, Str 32, 2014, s. 81–108.

Esler Ph. F., Babatha’s Orchard – The Yadin Papyri and an Ancient Jewish Family Tale Retold, Oxford 2017.

Excavations at Nessana (Auja Hafir, Palestine) I, ed. H.D. Colt, Princeton 1962.

Fahd T., Le Panthéon de l’Arabie Centrale à la veille de l’hégire, Paris 1968.

Farès S., Les femmes prêtresses dans les religions Arabes preislamiques: le cas des Liḥyanites, [in:] Topoi Orient et Occident. Femmes, cultures et sociétés dans les civilisations méditerranéennes et proche-orientales de l’Antiquité, Paris 2009, s. 183–195.

Farès-Drappeau S., Dédan et Liḥyān. Histoire des Arabes aux confins des pouvoirs perse et hellénistique (IVe–IIe s. avant l’ère chrétienne) Préface de Christian Julien Robin, Lyon 2005.

Farrokh K., Karamian Gh., Karamian H., Military Architecture and the Four-Spāhbed System for Defense of the Sasanian Empire (224–651 CE), HiŚ 10, 2021, s. 117–151.

Fazy R., Autour d‘une expédition romaine en Arabie heureuse sous Auguste, MSGFOK 5, 1943, s. 3–31.

Feissel D., Les martyria d’Anasartha, [in:] Mélanges Gilbert Dagron, ed. V. Déroche, Paris 2002, s. 201–220.

Feldman L., Flavius Josephus revisited: the man, his writings, and his significance, [in:] ANRW, Teil II, Prinzipat, Bd. XXI.2, Teilbänden: Religion (Hellenistisches Judentum in römischer Zeit: Philon und Josephus), Berlin 1984.

Fell W., Die Christenverfolgung in Südarabien und die himjarisch-äthiopischen Kriege nach abessinischer Überlieferung, ZDMG 37, 1881, s. 1–74.

Fellmann R., Le sanctuaire de Baalshamîn à Palmyre V. Die Grabanlage, Rome 1970.

Festugière A.J., Antioche païenne et chrétienne: Libanius, Chrysostome et les moines de Syrie. Avec un commentaire archeologique sur l‘Antiochikos, Paris 1959.

Fiema Z.T., Byzantine Petra-A Reassessment. [in:] Urban Centers and Rural Contexts Late Antiquity, eds. Th. Bums, J.W. Eadie, Michigan 2001, s. 111–132.

Fiema Z.T., Late-antique Petra and its hinterland: recent research and new interpretations, [in:] The Roman and Byzantine Near East, t. III, ed. H. J. H. Portsmouth, Rhode Island 2002, s. 191–252.

Fiema Z.T., The Roman Annexation of Arabia: A General Perspective, AWo 15, 1987, s. 25–35.

Fiema Z.T., Al-Jallad A., Macdonald M.C.A., Nehme L., Provincia Arabia: Nabataea, the Emergence of Arabic as a Written Language, and Graeco-Arabica, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 373–433.

Fiey J.-M., L’apport de Mgr Addai Scher (+1915) à l’hagiographie orientale, AB 83, 1965, s. 121–145.

Figueras P., The roman worship of Athena-Allat in the Decapolis and the Negev, ARAM 4, 1992, s. 173–183.

Filipczak P., Arabs in the City of Antioch, ARAM 30.1-2, 2018, s. 569–578.

Filipczak P., Namiestnicy rzymskiej Syrii w czasach przełomu (324–361 n.e.), Łódź 2021.

Findlater G.M., Imperial control in Roman and Byzantine Arabia. A landscape interpretation of archaeological evidence in southern Jordan, PhD Edinburgh 2003, https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/9789/1/Findlater2004.pdf

Finster B., Arabia in Late Antiquity. An outline of the cultural situation in the peninsula at the time of Muhammad, [in:] The Qurʾān in Context. Historical and Literary Investigations into the Qurʾānic Milieu, eds. A. Neuwirth, N. Sinai, M. Marx, Leiden–Boston 2010, s. 61–114.

Finster B., Schmidt J., Die Kirche des Abraha in San‘ä’, [in:] Arabia Felix.Beiträge zur Sprache und Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien. Festschrift Walter W. Müller zum 60. Geburtstag, Hrsg N. Nebes, Wiesbaden 1994, s. 67–86.

Fisher G., A New Perspective on Rome’s Desert Frontier, ASOR 336, 2004, s. 49–60.

Fisher G., Between Empires, Arabs, Romans and Sasanians in Late Antiquity, Oxford 2011.

Fisher G., Editor’s Introduction, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 6–8.

Fisher G., From Mavia to al-Mundhir, Arab Christians and Arab Tribes in the Late Antique Roman East, [in:] Religious Culture in Late Antique Arabia, eds. I. Toral-Niehoff, K. Dimitriev, Berlin 2013, s. 165–218.

Fisher G., Kingdoms or Dynasties? Arabs, History, and Identity in the Last Century Before Islam, JLA 4.2, 2011, s. 245–267.

Fisher G., Rome and the Ghassānids: Comparative Perspectives on Conversion, Boundaries and Power in Near Eastern Borderlands, [in:] Le Levant: Carrefour de l’Antiquité tardive Histoire, religion et archéologie, eds. E. Bradshaw Aitken, J.M. Fossey, Leiden–Boston 2014, s. 273–291.

Fisher G., Rome, Persia, and Arabia Shaping the Middle East from Pompey to Muhammad, New York 2020.

Fisher G., The political development of the Ghassan between Rome and Iran, JLA 2, 2008, s. 311–334.

Fisher G., Drost A., Structures of Power in Late Antique Borderlands: Arabs, Romans, and Berbers, [in:] European and American Borderlands. A New Comparative Approach, eds. J.W.I. Lee, M. North, Nebraska 2016, s. 33–82.

Fisher G., Macdonald M.C.A., The Fourth and Fifth Centuries: Allies and Enemies, [in:] Arabs and Empires before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 74–76.

Fisher G., Ward W.D., Miracles, Conversion, and Raiding, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 287–296.

Fisher G., Wood Ph. et al., Arabs and Christianity, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 367–372.

Fisher G., Wood Ph., The Arabs and Symeon the Stylite, [in:] Arabs and Empires before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 296–302.

Flusser D., Paganism in Palestine, [in:] The Jewish people in the first century: historical geography, political history, social, cultural and religious life and institutions, eds. S. Safrai, M. Stern, Assen 1976, s. 1065–1100.

Foietta E., New Considerations and Data regarding the North Border of the Kingdom of Hatra (North Mesopotamia) during the 2nd and 3rd cent. AD, Th 9.1, 2020, s. 153–170.

Foietta E., The Complex System Of The Fortifications Of Hatra: Defence, Chronology And Secondary Functions, ARAM 28.1/2, 2016, s. 237–263.

Foietta E., The Defences of Hatra: A Revaluation through the Archive of the Italian Expedition, [in:] Broadening Horizons 4. A Conference of Young Researchers working in the Ancient Near East, Egypt and Central Asia, University of Torino, October 2011, eds. G. Affanni, C. Baccarin, L. Cordera, A. Di Michele, K. Gavagnin, Oxford 2015, s. 287–925.

Foietta E., The kingdom of Hatra during the second and third centuries AD: frontiers, ecological limits, settlements and landmarks”, [in:] Imperial Connections. Interactions and Expansion from Assyria to the Roman Period. Volume 2. Proceedings of the 5th “Broadening Horizons” Conference (Udine 5–8 June 2017), eds. K. Gavagnin, R. Palermo, Trieste 2020, s. 299–316.

Foietta E., Marcato E., A Review of the Sequence of the Hatra Rulers and the Role of the Inscription H416, Par 20, 2018, s. 9–21.

Fowden E.K., Rural converters among the Arabs, [in:] Conversion in late antiquity: Christianity, Islam and beyond, eds. A. Papaconstantinou, N. McLynn, D. Schwartz, Farnham 2015, s. 175–196.

Fowden E.K., Saint Serge chez les Arabes, DosAr 309, 2005, s. 54–59.

Fowden E.K., An Arab Building at al-Rusāfa-Sergiopolis, DM 12, 2000, s. 303–327.

Fowden E.K., The Barbarian Plain. Saint Sergius between Rome and Iran, Berkeley 1999.

Fowden E.K., Des églises pour les Arabes, pour les nomades?, [in:] Les églises en monde syriaque, ed. F. Briquel Chatonnet, Paris 2013, s. 391–420.

Fowden G., Empire to Commonwealth: Consequences of Monotheism in Late Antiquity, Princeton 1993.

Fowden G., Qusayr ‘Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London 2000.

Fowden G., Fowden E.K., Studies in Hellenism, Christianity and the Umayyads, Athens 2004.

Fowlkes-Childs B., Seymour M., The World Between Empires. Art and Identity in the Ancient Middle East, Yale 2019.

Fraisse-Coué Ch., Il dibattito teologico nell’età di Teodosio II: Nestorio, [in:] Storia del cristianesimo, a cura di J. Mayeur, Ch. L. Pietri, A. Vauchez, M. Venard, t.II, Roma 2000, s. 468–517.

Frankfurter D., Ritual as Accusation and Atrocity: Satanic Ritual Abuse, Gnose Libertinism, and Primal Murders, HR 40, 2001, s. 352–380.

Fraser P.M., Ptolemaic Alexandria, vol. I–II, Oxford 1972.

Freeman P., Roman Period, [in:] The Archaeology of Jordan, eds. B. MacDonald, R. Adams, P. Bienkowski, Sheffield 2001.

Freeman P., The Annexation of Arabia and Imperial Grand Strategy, [in:] The Roman Army in the East, ed. D.L. Kennedy, Ann Arbor 1996, s. 91–118 [=JRA.SS 18, 1996, s. 91–118].

Frend W.H.C., The Rise of the Monophysite Movement. Chapters w the History o/the Church in the 5th. and 6th. Centuries, Cambridge 1972.

Frye R.N., Remarks on The Paikuli and Sar Mašhad Inscriptions, HJAS 20.3/4, 1957, s. 702–708.

Frye R.N., The History of Ancient Iran, Munich, 1984.

Fugmann J., Zum Problem der Datierung der ›Historiae Alexandri Magni‹ des Curtius Rufus, H 123, 1995, s. 233–243.

Gadd C.J., The Harran inscriptions of Nabonidus, AnS VIII, 1958, s. 35–108.

Gajda I., Monothéisme en Arabie du Sud préislamique, AHum 10, 2002, https://journals.openedition.org/cy/132

Gajda I., Ḥimyar en Arabie centrale–un nouveau document, Ar 2, 2004, s. 87–98.

Gajda I., Hugr b. Amr roi de Kinda et l’établissement de la domination ḥimyarite en Arabie centrale, PSAS 26, 1996, s. 65–73 [=Papers from the twenty-ninth meeting of the Seminar for Arabian Studies held in Cambridge, 20–22 July, 1995].

Gajda I., Le royaume de Ḥimyar à l’époque monothéiste. L’histoire de l’Arabie ancienne de la fin du ive siècle de l’ère chrétienne jusqu’à l’avènement de l’Islam, Paris 2009.

Gajda I., Les débuts du monothéisme en Arabie du sud, JA 290.2, 2002, s. 611–630.

Gajda I., Quel monothéism en Arabie du Sud ancienne?, [in:] Juifs et chrétiens en Arabie aux Ve et VIe siècles: regards croisés sur les sources, eds. J. Beaucamp, F. Briquel Chatonnet, Ch.J. Robin, Paris, 2010, s. 107–122.

Gajda I., Remarks on monotheism in ancient South Arabia, [in:] Islam and Its Past. Jahiliyya, Late Antiquity, and the Quran, eds. C. Bakhos, M. Cook, Oxford 2017, s. 247–256.

Gajda I., Arbach M., Al-Hajj Kh, Une inscription Ḥimyarite de la région de Rada, Ray 8, 2013, s. 103–110.

Gascou J., Deux inscriptions byzantines de Haute-Égypte (réédition de l. Thèbes-Syène 196 rº et vº), TM 12, 1994 , s. 323–42.

Gąssowska B., Maternus Cynegius, praefectus praetorio Orientis and the destruction of the Allat Temple in Palmyra, Arch 33, 1982, s. 107–123.

Gatier P.-L., Les Jafnides dans l’épigraphie grecque au VIe siècle, [in:] Les Jafnides, des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), eds. D. Genequand , C.J. Robin, Paris 2015, s. 192–222.

Gatier P.-L., La christianisation de l’Antiochène dans l’Antiquité tardive, [in:] Le Levant: Carrefour de l’Antiquité tardive Histoire, religion et archéologie, eds. E. Bradshaw Aitken, J.M. Fossey, Leiden–Boston 2014, s. 145–164.

Gatier P.-L., Le chameau et l’onagre, viandes des Ismaélites, Sy 95, 2018, s. 73–109.

Gatier P.-L., Les Traditions et l’histoire du Sinaï du IVe au VIIe siècle, [in:] L’Arabie préislamique et son environnement historique et culturel. Actes du Colloque de Strasbourg 24–27 juin 1987, ed. T. Fahd, Leiden 1989, s. 499–523.

Gatier P.-L. Lombard P., Al-Sindi K.M., Greek inscriptions from Bahrain, ArAE 13.2, 2002, s. 223– 233.

Gawlikowski M., A Fortress in Mesopotamia. Hatra, [in:] The Roman and Byzantine Army in the East. Proceedings of a colloquium held at the Jagiellonian University in September 1992, ed. E. Dąbrowa, Kraków 1994, s. 47–56.

Gawlikowski M., Allat et Baalshamin, [in:] Mélanges d’histoire ancienne et d’archéologie offerts à Paul Collart, CABV 5, 1976, s. 197– 203.

Gawlikowski M., Gods and Temples in Palmyra, MAS 15.3, 2014, s. 76–91.

Gawlikowski M., Les Arabes en Palmyrène, [in:] Presence arabe dans la Croissant fertile avant l’Hegire, ed. H. Lozachmeur, Paris 1995, s. 103–108.

Gawlikowski M., Les princes de Palmyre, Sy 62, 1985, s. 251–61.

Gawlikowski M., Palmyra and its caravan trade, AAAS 42, 1996, s. 139–145 [=Palmyra and the Silk Road. International Colloquium, Palmyra, 7–11 April 1992].

Gawlikowski M., The development of the city of Hatra, [in:] Hatra. Politics, Culture and Religion Between Parthia and Rome, ed. L. Dirven, Stuttgart 2013, s. 73–80.

Gawlikowski M., The Syrian desert under the Romans, [in:] The Early Roman Empire in the East, ed. S. Alcock, Oxford 1997, s. 37–54.

Gawlikowski M., Le temple d’Allat à Palmyre, RA 2, 1977, s. 253–274.

Geiger J., Aspects of Palestinian paganism in late antiquity, [in:] Sharing the sacred: religious contacts and conflicts in the Holy Land, eds. A. Kofsky, G. G. Stroumsa, Jerusalem 1998, s. 3–18.

Généquand D., Some Thoughts on Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi, its Dam, its Monastery and the Ghassanids, Lev 38, 2006, s. 63–84.

Généquand G., The Archaeological Evidence for the Jafnids and the Naṣrids, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 172–213.

Génier R., St. Elie. Un arabe Patriarche de Jerusalem, [in:] Conference de St. Etienne (Jerusalem 1909–1910), Paris 1910, s. 285–320.

Ghawanmeh Y., The Port of ‘Aqaba and its Role in the Indian Ocean Trade in Ancient and Medieval Times , AnDAJ 30, 1986, s. 311–318.

Ghiesari E., Kooshk D. P., Abangaha A., Shafiei M., Eftekhari N., Approach to Qur’an in Beliefs of the Arabs of the Age of Ignorance, KChAJBMR 3.12a, 2014, s. 294–305.

Ghul M.A., New Qatabani Inscriptions, part I–II, BSOAS 22.1/3, 1959, s. 1–22, 419–438.

Ginkel J. van, A man is not an island. Reflections of the historiography of the early Syriac Renaissance in Michael the Great, [in:] The Syriac Renaissance, ed. H. Teule et al., Louvain 2010, s. 113–121.

Ginkel J. van, John of Ephesus. A Monophysite Historian in Sixth Century Byzantium, Unpublished D. Litt. Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 1995.

Ginkel J. van, Monk, Missionary, and Martyr: John of Ephesus, a Syriac Orthodox Historian in Sixth Century Byzantium, JCSSS 5, 2005, s. 35–50.

Glaser E., Skizze der Geschichte und Geographie Arabiens von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Propheten Muḥammad nebst einem Anhange zur Beleuchtung der Geschichte Abessyniens im 3. und 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr: Auf Grund der Inschriften, der Angaben der alten Autoren und der Bibel, t. 2, Berlin 1980.

Glaser E., Zwei Inschriften über den Dammbruch von Mârib: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte Arabiens im 5. u. 6. Jahrhundert n. Ch, Berlin 1897 [=Mitteilungen der vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft, 6].

Glueck N., Explorations in Eastern Palestine: part I AASOR 14, 1934, s. 1–113 part II, AASOR 15, 1935, s. 1–217 part III, AASOR 18–19, 1939, s. 1–288 part IV.1–2, AASOR 25–28, 1951, s. 1–711.

Glueck N., The Other Side of the Jordan, New Haven 1940.

Goranson S., Joseph of Tiberias revisited: orthodoxies and heresies in fourth-century Galilee, [in:] Galilee through the centuries: confluence of cultures, ed. E.M. Meyers, Winona Lake 1999, s. 335–343.

Gorea M., Palmyra and Socotra, [in:] Foreign Sailors on Socotra. The Inscriptions and Drawings from the Cave Hoq, ed. I. Strauch, Bremen 2012, s. 447–485.

Goubert P., Byzance avant l’Islam, t. I, Byzance et l’Orient sous les successeurs de de Justinien. L’empereur Maurice, Paris 1951.

Goubert P., Le problème ghassanide à la veille de l’Islam, [in:] Actes du VI Congrès d’Études Byzantines, Paris 1951, s. 103–118.

Goubert P., Notes prosopographiques sur la Sicile byzantine à l’époque de l’empereur Maurice et du pape saint Grégoire le Grand, [in:] Atti VIII Con gr. w t. di Studi Biz. (Palermo 1951), t. I, Roma 1953, s. 365–373.

Graf D., The Nabataean army and the Cohortes Ulpiae Petraeorum, [in:] The Roman and Byzantine Army in the East, ed. E. Dąbrowa, Kraków 1992, s. 265–309.

Graf D., The Via Nova Traiana in Arabia Petraea, The Roman and Byzantine Near East: Recent Archaeological Research, ed. J. Humphrey, vol 1, Portsmouth R.I. 1995, s. 241–67 JRA.SS 14, 1995, s. 141–167 [= Rome and the Arabian Frontier: From the Nabataeans to the Saracens, Aldershot 1997, art. VI].

Graf D.F., A Preliminary Report on a Survey of Nabataean-Roman Military Sites in Southern Jordan, AnDAJ 23, 1979, s. 121–127.

Graf D.F., Nabataean Settlements and Roman Occupation in Arabia Petraea, SHAJ 4 1992, s. 253–260.

Graf D.F., Qura Arabiyya and Provincia Arabia, [in:] Géographie historique du Proche-Orient (Syrie, Phénicie, Arabie, grecques, romaines, byzantines), eds. P.-L. Gatier, B. Helly, J.-P. Rey-Coquais, Paris 1988, s. 171–211.

Graf D.F., Rome and the Saracens: Reassessing the Nomadic Menace, [in:] L’Arabie préislamique et son environnement historique et culturel, Actes du Colloque de Strasbourg 24–27 juin 1987, ed. T. Fahd. Leiden 1989, s. 341–400.

Graf D.F., The “Via Militaris” in Arabia, DOP 51, 1997, s. 271–281.

Graf D.F., The Nabateans in the Early Hellenistic Period: The Testimony of Posidippus of Pella, To 14.1, 2006, s. 47–68.

Graf D.F., The Saracens and the defense of the Arabian frontier, BASOR 229, 1978, s. 1–26.

Graf D.F., The Syrian Hauran, JRA 5, 1992, s. 450–466.

Graf D.F., Town and Countryside in Roman Arabia during Late Antiquity, [in:] Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity, eds. Th. S. Bums, J.W. Eadie, Michigan 2001.

Graf D.F., Zenobia and the Arabs, [in:] The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire. Proceedings of a colloquium held at Ankara in September 1988, eds. D.H. French, C.S. Lightfoot, Oxford 1989, s. 143–167.

Graf D.F., MacAdam H., Inscriptions From the Southern Hawran Survey, 1985 (Dafyana Umm al-Quttayn, Dayr al-Qinn), ADAJ 33, 1989, s. 187–193.

Graf D.F., O’Connor M., The Origin of the Term ‘Saracen’ and the Rawwāfa Inscriptions, ByzS 4, 1977, s. 52–66.

Graf G., Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur, vol. II, Vatican City 1947.

Grafton D.D., “The Arabs” in the Ecclesiastical Historians of the 4th/5th Centuries: The effects on Contemporary Christian-Muslim Relations, HTS.TS 64. 1, 2008, s. 177–192.

Grafton D.D., The Arabs of Pentecost: Greco-Roman views of the Arabs and their cultural identity, ThR 30. 2, 2009, s. 189–193.

Grafton D.D., The identity and witness of Arab pre-Islamic Arab Christianity: The Arabic language and the Bible, HTS.TS 70.1, 2014, s. 1–8, http://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v70i1.2726

Graham W.A., Beyond the written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion, Cambridge 1987.

Gratsianskiy M., Die Politik Kaiser Justinians I. gegenüber den Monophysiten, Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. phil. vorgelegt dem Rat der Philosophischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2005, https://www.academia.edu/10639113/Die_Politik_Kaiser_Justinians_I_gegen%C3%BCber_den_Monophysiten_Dissertation_zur_Erlangung_des_akademischen_Grades_Dr_phil_vorgelegt_dem_Rat_der_Philosophischen_Fakult%C3%A4t_der_Friedrich_Schiller_Universit%C3%A4t_Jena_2005

Greatrex G., Byzantium and the East in the Sixth Century, [in:] The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. M. Maas, Cambridge 2005, s. 477–509.

Greatrex G., Isaac of Antioch and the Sack of Beth Hur, Mu 111, 1998, s. 287–291.

Greatrex G., Le pseudo-Zacharie de Mytilène et l’historiographie syriaque au VIe siècle, [in:] L’historiographie syriaque, ed. M. Debié, Paris 2009, s. 33–56.

Greatrex G., Les Jafnides et la défense de l’empire au VIe siècle, [in:] Les Jafnides, des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), eds. D. Genequand, C.J. Robin, Paris 2015, s. 121–154.

Greatrex G., Perceptions of Procopius in recent scholarship, His 8, 2014, s. 76–121.

Greatrex G., Procopius and Roman imperial policy in the Arabian and Egyptian frontier zones, [in:] Inside and Out. Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers, eds. J. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven 2014, s. 247–262.

Greatrex G., Rome and Persia at War, 502–532, London 1998.

Greatrex G., Lieu S.N.C., The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Part II, AD 363–630. A Narrative Sourcebook, London 2002.

Gregoratti L. Indian ocean trade, the role of Parthia, [in:] The Indian Ocean trade in antiquity. Political, cultural, and economic impacts, ed. M.A. Cobb, London 2019, s. 52–72.

Gregoratti L., A Parthian port on the Persian Gulf: Characene and its Trade, Anab 2, 2011, s. 209–229.

Gregoratti L., Hatra: on the west of the East, [in:] Hatra. Politics, Culture And Religion Between Parthia And Rome, ed. L. Dirven, Stuttgart 2013, s. 45–54.

Gregoratti L., Sinews of the other empire, the Parthian Great King’s rule over vassal kingdoms, [in:] Sinews of Empire, Networks in the Roman Near East and Beyond, eds. H.F. Teigen, E.H Seland, Oxford 2017, s. 95–104.

Gregoratti L., Temples and Traders in Palmyra, [in:] Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World, eds. P. Erdkamp, K. Verboven, A. Zuiderhoek, Oxford 2020, s. 461–480.

Gregoratti L., The Arsacid empire, [in:] King of the Seven Climes. A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE −651 CE), ed. T. Daryaee, Irvine 2017, s. 125–54.

Gregoratti L., The Role of the Decapolis Region in Connecting Inland Syria with the Mediterranean Coast, ARAM 23, 2011, s. 509–525.

Griffith S.H., Muhammad and the monk Bahira: Reflections on a Syriac and Arabic text from early Abbasid times, OCh 79, 1995, s. 146–174.

Griffith S.H., The Bible in Arabic, New York 2013.

Grossmann P., Early Monks at Mount Moses and Justinian’s Monastery, Peg 1, 2001, s. 177–201.

Grouchevoy A.G., Trois ‘niveaux’ de phylarques. Étude terminologique sur les relations de Rome et de Byzance avec les Arabes avant l’Islam, Sy 72, 1995, s. 105–131.

Groucutt H.S., Petraglia M.D., The Prehistory of the Arabian Peninsula: Deserts, Dispersals, and Demography, EvAnt 21, 2012, s. 113–125.

Grout J.B., The Role of Palmyrene Temples in Long-Distance Trade in the Roman Near East, PhD Bedford New College, University of London 2016.

Gruchy M. de, Jotheri J., Alqaragholi H., Al-Janabi J., Alabdan R., Al-Talaqani H., Almamouri G., Al-Rubaye H., The Khandaq Shapur: Defense, Irrigation, Boundary, Frontier, La 10 (1017), 2021, s. 1–17, https://www.mdpi.com/2073–445X/10/10/1017

Grunebaum G., The nature of Arab unity before Islam, Ara 10.1, 1963, s. 4–19.

Guidi I., Un nuovo testo siriaco sulla storia degli ultimi Sassanidi, [in:] Actes du huitième Congrès international des Orientalistes tenu en 1889 à Stockholm et à Christiania. Section I: Sémitique (B), Leiden 1891.

Guzzo M., Schneider E., Petra, Oxford 2002.

Haas C., Mountain Constantines: the Christianization of Aksum and Iberia, JLA 1.1, 2008, s. 101–126.

Hackett J.A., Rehabilitating Hagar: Fragments of an Epic Pattern, [in:] Gender and Differences in Ancient Israel, ed. P. Lynne Day, Minneapolis 1989, s. 12–27.

Hadas-Lebel M., Józef Flawiusz. Żyd rzymski, tłum J. Radożycki, Warszawa 1997.

Haerink E., The temple at ed-Dur (Emirate of Umm al-Qaiwain) and pre-Islamic cult in south eastern Arabia, [in:] Fifty Years of Emirates Archaeology. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates, eds. D.T. Potts, P. Hellyer, Abu Dhabi 2012, s. 163–171.

Haider P.W., Tradition and Change in the Beliefs at Assur, Nineveh and Nisibis Between 300 BC and AD 300, [in:] The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, ed. T. Kaizer, Leiden–Boston 2008, s. 193–206.

Hainthaler Th., Christian Arabs before Islam, [in:] People from the Desert, Pre-Islamic Arabs in History and Culture, ed. N. Al Jallad, Wiesbaden 2012, s. 29–44.

Hainthaler Th., Christliche Araber vor dem Islam: Verbreitung und konfessionelle Zugehörigkeit–Eine Hinführung, Louvain 2007.

Hainthaler Th., The end of the Justinian era, [in:] A. Grillmeier, Th. Hainthaler, Christ in Christian tradition, vol. II, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590–604), part two: The Church of Constantinople in the Sixth Century, transl. P. Allen, J. Cawte, London–Louisville, Kentucky 1995, s. 481–502.

Haldon J., The Works of Anastasius of Sinai: A Key Source for the History of Seventh-Century Mediterranean Society and Belief, [in:] The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, vol. I, Problems in the Literary Source Material (Papers of the first Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam), ed. Av. Cameron, L.I. Conrad, Princeton 1992, s. 107–147.

Haldon J., The end of Rome? The Transformation of the Eastern Empire in the Seventh and Eighth centuries ce., [in:] The Roman Empire in Context. Historical and Comparative Perspectives. eds. J.P. Arnason, K.A Raaflub, Oxford 2011, s. 199–228.

Haldon J., The fate of the late Roman elite, extinction or transformation, [in:] Elites Old and New in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, eds. J. Haldon, L. Conrad, Princeton, NJ. 2004.

Halfmann H., Die Senatoren aus dem östlichen Teil des Imperium Romanum bis zum Ende des 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr., Göttingen 1979.

Hall K.R., A History of Early Southeast Asia: Maritime Trade and Societal Development, Lanham 2011.

Hammond Ph., New Evidence for the 4th-century A. D. Destruction of Petra, BASOR 258, 1980, s. 65–67.

Hammond Ph., The Nabateans –Their History, Culture and Archaeology, Gothenberg 1973.

Harding G. L., Archeology in the Aden Protectorate, London 1964.

Harjumäki J., Lindstedt I., The Ancient North Arabian and Early Islamic Arabic Graffiti. A Comparison of Formal and Thematic Features, [in:] Cross-Cultural Studies in Near Eastern History and Literature, eds. S. Svärd, R. Rollinger, Münster 2016, s. 59–94.

Harnack A. von, Missione e propagazione del cristianesimo nei primi tre secoli, Torino 1906 [=Cosenza 1986].

Harrak A., Introduction, [in:] The Chronicle of Zuqnin, parts 3 and 4: A.D. 488–775, transl. A. Harrak, Toronto 1999, s. 4–7.

Harvey S.A., Asceticism and Society, A Study in John of Ephesus’ Lives of the Eastern Saints, Berkeley 1982.

Hatke G., Africans in Arabia Felix, Aksumite Relations With Ḥimyar in the Sixth Century C.E., vol. I–II, PhD Princeton 2011, https://www.scribd.com/document/243776570/AFRICANS-IN-ARABIA-FELIX-AKSUMITE-RELATIONS-WITH-H-IMYAR-IN-THE-SIXTH-CENTURY-C-E-Vol-I-George-Hatke-phD

Hatke G., The Aksumites in South Arabia: An African Diaspora of Late Antiquity, [in:] Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone, Aspects of mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300–1500 C.E, eds. J. Preiser-Kapeller, L. Reinfandt, Y. Stouraitis, Leiden–Boston 2020, s. 291–324.

Hatra. Politics, Culture and Religion Between Parthia and Rome, ed. L. Dirven, Stuttgart 2013.

Hauser S., Where is the man of Hadr, who once built it and taxed the land by the Tigris and Chaboras? On the signifiance of the final siege of Hatra, [in:] Hatra. Politics, Culture and Religion Between Parthia and Rome, ed. L. Dirven, Stuttgart 2013, s. 119–139.

Healey J.F., Aramaic Documents and Inscriptions from the Roman Period, Oxford 2009.

Healey J.F., The Religion of the Nabataeans A Conspectus, Leiden–Boston–Köln 2001.

Healey J.F., Were the Nabataeans Arabs?, ARAM 1.1, 1989, s. 38–44.

Healy J.F., Pliny the Elder on Science and Technology, Oxford 1999.

Heger P., Women in the Bible, Qumran and Early Rabbinic Literature. Their Status and Roles, Leiden–Boston 2014.

Henninger J., Ist der sogenannte Nilus-Bericht eine brauchbare religionsgeschichtliche Quelle?, Anthr 50, 1955, s. 81–148.

Herzfeld E., Mshatta, Hira und Badiya: die Mittelländer des Islam und ihre Baukunst, JPK 42, 1921, s. 113–122.

Heussi K., Untersuchungen zu Nilus dem Asketen, Leipzig 1917.

Hilgenfeld H., Syrische Lebensbeschreibung des heiligen Symeon Stylites, TU 32.4, 1908, s. 80–187.

Hill J.E., Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty 1st to 2nd Centuries CE, Charleston 2009.

Hirschfeld Y., The Judaean desert monasteries in the Byzantine period, New Haven 1992.

Hitti Ph.K., History of the Arabs from the Earliest Times to the Present, London 1964 [tłum. pol.: Hitti Ph.K., Dzieje Arabów, tłum. W. Dembski, M. Skuratowicz, E. Szymański, Warszawa 1969].

Hitti Ph.K., The Arabs: from the earliest times to the present, Hong Kong 1989.

Hof C., Die Stadtmauer von Resafa. Spuren früher Planänderung und deren Datierungsrelevanz, [in:] Koldewey-Gesellschaft Vereinigung für Baugeschichtliche Forschung E.V. Bericht Über die 45. Tagung für Ausgrabungswissenschaft und Bauforschung Vom 30. april Bis 4. mai 2008 in Regensburg, eds. D. Sack, Th. Schulz, K. Tragbar, Stuttgart 2010, s. 235–248.

Höfner M., Arabien, RAC I, 1950, s. 579–585.

Höfner M., Die katabanischen und sabäischen Inschriften der Südarabischen Expedition, im Kunsthistrorischen Museum in Wien, WZKM 40, 1933, s. 1–36.

Höfner M., Die Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien, ZDMG 99.1 (N.F. 24), 1945/1950, s. 15–28.

Höfner M., Die sabäischen Inschriften der südarabischen Expedition im Kunsthistorischen Museum in Wien (I), WZKM 40, 1933, s. 1–36.

Höfner M., Eine katabanische Weihinschrift aus Timna’, Mu 74, 1961, s. 453–459.

Högemann P., Alexander der Große und Arabien, Munich1985.

Hommel F., Ethnologie und Geographie des alten Orients, München1926.

Honigmann E., Éveques et évechés monophysites d’Asie antérieure au VI’ siècle, Louvain 1951.

Honigmann E., Juvenal of ]erusalem, DOP 5, 1950, s. 211–279.

Honigmann E., Recherches sur les Res gestae divi Saporis, Brussels 1953.

Honigmann E., Theodoret of Cyrrus and Basil of Seleucia. The Time of their Death, ST 173, 1953, s. 174–184.

Hornblower S., Spawforth A., The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilisation, Oxford 1998.

Hose M., Cassius Dio: A senator and historian in the Age of Anxiety, [in:] A companion to Greek and Roman Historiography, ed. J. Marincola, Oxford 2007, s. 461–467.

Hourani G., Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times, Princeton 1984.

Howard-Johnston J., The Official History of Heraclius’ Persian Campaigns, [in:] The Roman and Byzantine Army in the East, ed. E. Dabrowa, Kraków 1994, s. 57–87.

Howard-Johnston J., The Sasanian state, the evidence of coinage and military construction, JAnH 2.2, 2014, s. 144–181.

Howard-Johnston J., Witnesses to a World Crisis. Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century, Oxford 2010.

Howard-Johnston J., The India Trade in Late Antiquity, [in:] Sasanian Persia Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia, ed. E.W. Sauer, Edinburgh 2017, s. 284–304.

Hoyland R., Arab Kings, Arab Tribes, Arabic Texts and the Beginnings of (Muslim) Arab Historical Memory in Late Roman Inscriptions, [in:] From Hellenism to Islam: Cultural and Linguistic Change in the Roman Near East, eds. H. Cotton, D. Wasserstein, Cambridge 2009, s. 374–400.

Hoyland R.G., Arabia and the Arabs from the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam, London–New York 2002.

Hoyland R., Arabian Peninsula, [in:] EI, 3, s. 105–118.

Hoyland R.G., Early Islam as a late antique religion, [in:] The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, ed. S.F. Johnson, Oxford 2012, s. 1053–1077.

Hoyland R.G., Epigraphy and the emergence of Arab identity, [in:] From Andalusia to Khurasan, Documents from the Medieval Islamic World, eds. P. Sijpesteijn, L. Sundelin, S. Tovar, A. Zomeño, Leiden 2007, s. 219–242.

Hoyland R.G., In God’s path. The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire, Oxford 2015.

Hoyland R.G., Insider and outsider sources, historiographical reflections on late antique Arabia, [in:] Inside and Out. Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers, eds. J. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven 2014, s. 267–280.

Hoyland R., Language and Identity: The Twin Histories of Arabic and Aramaic (and: Why did Aramaic Succeed where Greek Failed?), SCIsr 23, 2004, s. 183–199.

Hoyland R.G., Late Roman Provincia Arabia, Monophysite Monks and Arab Tribes: A Problem of Centre and Periphery, S&C 2, 2009, s. 117–139.

Hoyland R.G., Reflections on the identity of the Arabian conquerors of the seventh-century Middle East, Us-W 25, 2017, s. 113–140.

Hoyland R.G., Seeing Islam as others saw it: A survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam, Princeton1997.

Hoyland R.G., Theophilus of Edessa’s Chronicle and the circulation of historical knowledge in Late Antiquity and early Islam, Liverpool 2011.

Humphreys R.S., Consolidating the conquest, Arab-Muslim rule in Syria and the Jazirah, 630–775 CE., [in:] Inside and Out. Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers, eds. J. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven 2014, s. 391–404.

Humphreys R.S., Islamic History. A Framework for Inquiry, rev edn. London 1991.

Huth M., Athenian imitations from Arabia, [in:] Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms. Studies in the Monetization of Ancient Arabia, eds. M. Huth, P. G. Van Alfen, New York 2010, s. 227–256.

Huth M., Potts D., Antiochus in Arabia, AJN 14, 2002, s. 73–87.

Hvidberg-Hansen F.O., Uni-Ashtarte and Tanit-Iuno Caelestis. Two Phoenician God-Two Phoenician Goddesses of Fertility Reconsidered from Recent Archaeological Discoveries, [in:] Archaeology and Fertility Cult in the Ancient Mediterranean, ed. A. Bonanno, Msida 1986, s. 170–195.

Ibrahim J. Kh., Pre-Islamic Settlement in Jazirah, Baghdad 1986.

Ilski K., Jazdagird I „opiekunem” Teodozjusza II, [in:] Byzantina Europaea. Ksiega jubileuszowa ofiarowa profesorowi Waldemarowi Ceranowi, eds. M. Kokoszko, M.J. Leszka, Łódź 2007, s. 175–186.

Innis Miller J., The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire, 29B.C. to A.D.641, Oxford 1969.

Inside and Out. Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers, eds. J. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven 2014.

Intagliata E.E., Palmyra After Zenobia 273–750. An archaeological and historical reappraisal, Oxford 2018.

Invernizzi A., The investiture of Nemesis-Allat in Hatra, Mez 24, 1989, s. 129–175.

Isaac B., Against Rome and Persia. From success to destruction, [in:] Hatra. Politics, Culture And Religion Between Parthia And Rome, ed. L. Dirven, Stuttgart 2013, s. 23–32.

Isaac B., Ammianus on Foreigners, [in:] The Faces of the Other: Religious Rivalry and Ethnic Encounters in the Later Roman World, ed. M. Kahlos, Turnhout 2011, s. 237–258.

Isaac B., Bandits in Judaea and Arabia, HSCP 88, 1984, s. 171–203.

Isaac B., Eusebius and the Geography of Roman Provinces, JRA.SS 18, 1996, s. 153–167 [=Idem, The Near East under Roman Rule. Selected Papers, Leiden 1998, s. 284–309].

Isaac B., The Babatha Archive. A Review Article, IEJ 42, 1992, s. 62–75.

Isaac B., The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East, Oxford 1993.

Isaac B., The Meaning of the Terms limes and limitanei, JRS 78, 1988, s. 125–147.

Islam and Its Past. Jahiliyya, Late Antiquity, and the Quran, eds. C. Bakhos, M. Cook, Oxford 2017.

Ivanov S.A., Religious Missions, [in:] The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire: 500–1492, ed. J. Shepard, Cambridge 2009.

Jacob of Edessa and the Syriac Culture of His Day, ed. R. Bas ter Haar, Leiden–Boston 2008.

Jafnides, des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), Les, eds. D. Genequand, C.J. Robin, Paris 2015.

Jakubiak K., Was Hatra the second Babylon?, [in:] Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 30 April–4 May 2012, University of Warsaw, eds. P. Bieliński et al., Wiesbaden 2012, s. 189–200.

Jallad A.A., On the origins of the god Ruḍaw and some remarks on the pre-Islamic North Arabian pantheon, JRAS 3, 2021, s. 1–13.

Jameson Sh., Chronology of the Campaigns of Aelius Gallus and C. Petronius, JRS 58.1/2, 1968, s. 71–84.

Jamme A., Preliminary Report on Epigraphic Research in Northeastern Wadi Hadramaut and Al-’Abr, BASOR 172, 1963, s. 41–54.

Jamme A., The al-’Uqlah Texts, Washington 1963.

Jamme A., Un désastre Nabatéen devant Nagran, CByr 6, 1956, s. 165–171.

Jandora J.W, The Battle Of The Yarmūk: A Reconstruction, JAsH 19.1, 1985, s. 8–21.

Janiszewski P., Stebnicka K., Szabat E., Sofiści i retorzy greccy w cesarstwie rzymskim (I–VII w.). Słownik biograficzny, Warszawa 2011.

Jasim S., Yousif E., Dibba, an ancient port on the Gulf of Oman in the early Roman era, ArAE 25.1, 2014, s. 50–79.

Jaussen A., Savignac R., Mission archéologique en Arabie, t. I : De Jérusalem au Hedjaz Médaine-Saleh (mars-mai 1907), Paris 1909; t. II : El-’Ela, D’Hégra à Teima, Harrah de Tebouk, avec un Atlas (153 planches, cartes et plans) et un supplément au volume I : Les coutumes des Fuqarâ, Paris 1914 (1920).

Jędrzejewska D., Hatra. Strategiczne znaczenie miasta i konsekwencje jego upadku, ZNDUJ 25.2, 2019, s. 9–24.

Jeffreys E., The Beginning of Byzantine Chronography. John Malalas, [in:] Greek and Roman Historiography in Late Antiquity. Fourth to sixth century A.D., ed. G. Marasco, Leiden 2003, s. 497–527.

Jenkins F.W., Ammianus Marcellinus: An Annotated Bibliography 1474 to the Present, Leiden 2017.

Johnson E.D., Stealing the Enemy‘s Gods: An Exploration of the Phenomenon of Godnap in Ancient Western Asia, PhD Birmingham 2011, https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/3187/

Jones A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire, 284–602. A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey, vol. I–III, Oxford 1964.

Jong A. de, Hatra and the Parthian commonwealth, [in:] Hatra. Politics, Culture and Religion Between Parthia and Rome, ed. L. Dirven, Stuttgar 2013, s. 143–160.

Joslyn-Siemiatkoski D., Christian Memories of the Maccabean Martyrs, New York 2009.

Kaegi W.E., Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquest, Cambridge 1992.

Kaegi W.E., Heraklios and the Arabs, GOThR 27, 1982, s. 109–133.

Kaegi W.E., Procopius the military historian, BF 15, 1990, s. 53–85.

Kaimio M., Koenen L., Reports on deciphennent of Petra Papyri (1996/97), ADAJ 41, 1997, s. 459–462.

Kaizer T., Some remarks about the religious life of Hatra, To 10.1, 2000, s. 229–252.

Kaizer T., The religious life of Palmyra: a study of the social patterns of worship in the Roman period. Oriens et occidens, Bd. IV, Stuttgart 2002.

Kaldellis A., Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History and Philosophy at the End of Antiquity, Philadelphia 2004.

Kaplony A., The orthography and pronunciation of Arabic names and terms in the Greek Petra, Nessana, Qurra and Senouthios Letters (sixth to eighth centuries CE), MLR 22, 2015, s. 1–81.

Kasher A., Jews, Idumaeans, and Ancient Arabs Relations of the Jews in Eretz-Israel with the Nations of the Frontier and the Desert during the Hellenistic and Roman Era (332 B C E – 70 CE ), Tubingen 1988.

Kawar I. (Shahîd), Arethas, son of Jabalah, JAOS 75.4 1955, s. 205–216.

Kawar I. (Shahîd), Ghassan and Byzantium, a New terminus a qua, Isl 33, 1958, s. 232–255.

Kawar I. (Shahîd), Procopius on the Ghassānids, JAOS 77.2, 1957, s. 79–87.

Kawar I. (Shahîd), The Arabs in the Peace Treaty of A.D. 561, Ara 3, 1956, s. 197–201.

Kawar I. (Shahîd), The Last Days of Salih, Ara 5.2, 1958, s. 145–158.

Kawar I. (Shahîd), The Patriciate of Arethas, BZ 52.2, 1959, s. 329–332.

Kelly G., Ammianus Maecellinus, Tacitus’ heir and Gibbon’s guide, [in:] The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Historias, ed. A. Feldherr, Cambridge 2009.

Kelly G., Ammianus Marcellinus, The Allusive Historian, Cambridge 2008.

Kennedy D.L., Archaeological Explorations on the Roman Frontier in North East Jordan, Oxford 1982.

Kennedy D.L., Legio VI Ferrata: The Annexation and Early Garrison of Arabia, HSCP 84, 1980, s. 283–309.

Kennedy D.L., The Roman Army in Jordan, London 2000.

Kennedy D.L., Riley D., Rome’s Desert Frontier from the Air, Austin 1990.

Kennedy H., Justinianic plague in Syria and the archaeological evidence, [in:] Plague and the End of Antiquity. The Pandemic of 541–750, ed. L.K. Little, Cambridge 2007, s. 87–98.

Kennedy J., The Early Commerce of Babylon with India – 700–300 B.C., JRAS 18, 1916, s. 241–288.

Kennet D., Sasanian coins from ‘Uman and Bahrayn, [in:] Current Research in Sasanian Archaeology, Art, and History, eds. D. Kennet, P. Luft, Oxford 2008, s. 55–64.

Kennet D., The decline of eastern Arabia in the Sasanian period, ArAE 18.1, 2007, s. 68–122.

Kenoussi L., Nabataean Religion and Its Pantheon Through Pre-Islamic and Early Islam Sources: al-Lāt, al-ʽUzzā and Manāt, JJHA 14. 4, 2020, Special Issue, s. 273–299.

Keyser P.T., Anaxikrates, [in:] The Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists, ed. P.T. Keyser, G.L. Irby-Massie, London 2008.

Khanipoor M., Kavosh H., Naseri R., The reliefs of Naqš-e Rostam and a reflection on a forgotten relief, Iran, HiŚ, 6, 2017, s. 55–68.

Khazanov A., Nomads and the Outside World, 2nd ed. Madison, WI 1994.

Kidd I.G., Life and Influence, [in:] Posidonius, t. III, The translation of the fragments, I.G. Kidd, Cambridge 1999, s. 31–52.

Kidd I.G., Posidonius, t. II. The Commentary, ed. I.G. Kidd, Cambridge 1985.

Killick A.C., Udruh and the southern frontier, [in:] The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East, eds. P.W.M Freeman, D.L. Kennedy, Oxford 1986, s. 431–446.

Killick A.C., Udruh. The frontier of an empire: 1980 and 1981 seasons, a preliminary report, Lev 15, 1983, s. 110–131.

Kirk Grayson A., Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858–745 BC), Toronto–Buffalo–London 2002.

Kister M.J., Al-Hīra: Some Notes on its Relations with Arabia, Ara 15,1968, s. 143–169.

Kitab S., Rozwój koncepcji Boga w kulturze arabskiej przed islamem, Toruń 2002.

Kitchell K.F. Jr., Animals in the Ancient World from A to Z, London–New York 2014.

Klein K.M., How to get rid of Venus: some remarks on Jerome’s Vita Hilarionis and the conversion of Elusa in the Negev, [in:] Conversion in Late Antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and beyond, eds. A. Papaconstantinou, N. McLynn, D. Schwartz, Farnham 2015, 241–266.

Klein K.M., Marauders, Daredevils, and Noble Savages: Perceptions of Arab Nomads in Late Antique Hagiography, Isl 92.1, 2015, s. 13–41.

Klein K.M., Ο άγιος Ιερώνυμος και οι Σαρακηνοί της Συρίας και της Παλαιστίνης: σχόλια με τους βίους του Μάλχου του Μοναχού και του αγίου Ιλαρίωνα, [in:] Byzantium and the Arab World: encounter of cilivizations, eds. Α. Kralides, A. Gkoutzioukostas, Thessaloniki 2013, s. 209–232.

Kleyn H.G., Jacobus Baradeurs de stichter der syrische monophysietische Kerk, Leyden 1882.

Klimkeit H.-J., Gnosis on the Silk Road. Gnostic Parables, Hymns and Prayers from Central Asia, San Francisco 1993.

Kluczek A.A., Gallien w „Historia Augusta”, czyli „sordidissimus feminarum omnium”, [in:] Płeć i władza w kontekstach historycznych i współczesnych, eds. M.A. Kubiaczyk, F. Kubiaczyk, Gniezno 2014, s. 53–68.

Kluczek A.A., Miejsce i rola wyobrażeń krajów oraz ludów wschodnich w propagandzie politycznej cesarzy rzymskich z dynastii Antoninów – świadectwo monet, PNH 4.1(7), 2005, s. 5–27.

Knauf E.A., Ismael: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte Palästinas und Nordarabiens im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr., Wiesbaden 1985.

Knauf E.A., Midian, Wiesbaden 1988.

Koehn Cl., Justinian und die Armee des frühen Byzanz, Berlin–Boston 2018.

Koenen L., The Carbonized Archive from Petra, JRA 9, 1996, s. 177–183.

Konrad M., La frontière romaine au VIe siècle et le bâtiment dit «praetorium d’al-Munzir» à Rusafa, [in:] Les Jafnides, des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), eds. D. Genequand , C.J. Robin, Paris 2015, s. 239–257.

Körner C., Philippus Arabs: ein Soldatenkaiser in der Tradition des Antoninisch-Severischen Prinzipats, Berlin 2002.

Kortenbeutel H., Der ägyptische Südund Osthandel in der Politik der Ptolemäer und römischen Kaiser, Berlin 1931.

Kościelniak K., Jewish and Christian religious influences on pre-Islamic Arabia on the example of the term RḤNN (“the Merciful”), OrCrCr 3, 2011, s. 67–74.

Kościelniak K., XX wieków chrześcijaństwa w kulturze arabskiej, t. I, Arabia starożytna. Chrześcijaństwo w Arabii do Mahometa († 632), Kraków 2000.

Kosiński R., Państwo Sasanidów od 224 roku do końca V wieku i jego relacje z cesarstwem, [in:] Świat rzymski w IV wieku, red. P. Filipczak, R. Kosiński, Kraków 2015, s. 177–203.

Kotula T., Aurélien et Zénobie.L’unité ou la division de l’Empire, Wrocław 1997.

Krone S., Das altarabische Gottheit al Lat, Frankfurt am Main 1992.

Krumbholz P., Wiederholungen bei Diodor, RhMPh NF 44, 1889, s. 286–298.

Kuhrt A., The ancient Near East c.3000–330 BCE, London 1995.

Kulikowski M., Rome’s Gothic Wars, Cambridge 2007.

Kulikowski M., The „Notitia Dignitatum“ as a Historical Source, Hi 49.3, 2000, s. 358–377.

Kupan I.P., Theodoret of Cyrus, London–New York 2006.

Laffranque M., Poseidonios d’Apamée. Essai de mise au point, Paris 1964, online https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3362277t/f20.item.texteImage

Lagrange M.-J., Études sur les religions sémitiques, Paris 1905.

Lammens H., Le culte des bétyles et les processions religieuses chez les Arabes préislamités, BIFAr Or 1920, s. 39–101.

Lampe G.W.H., A Patristic Greek Lexicon, Oxford 1961.

Lamy Th.-J., Profession de foi adressée par les abbés des couvents de la province d’Arabie à Jacques Baradée, [in:] XI congresso inernazionale degli orientalisti (Paris 1897), IV sez., Paris 1898, s. 117–137.

Lancaster W., Lancaster F., Concepts of Leadership in Bedouin Society, [in:] Elites Old and New in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, eds. J. Haldon, L. Conrad, Princeton 2004, s. 34–35, 39–41.

Lander J., Did Hadrian abandon Arabia?’ [in:] Ph. Freeman, D.L. Kennedy, The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East, vol. II, Oxford 1986, s. 447–453.

Lane-Poole S., The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, New York [1965].

Langhe K. de, Early Christianity in Iraq and the Gulf: a view from the architectural remains, [in:] Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (3–8 April 2006), eds. J.M. Cordoba et al, Madrid 2008, s. 603–610.

Lassus J., L’Images de Stylites, BEO 2.1, 1932, s. 67–82.

Late antiquity:A guide to the postclassical world, eds. G.W. Bowersock, P.Brown, O. Grabar, Cambridge 1999.

Lauffray J., Halabiyya-Zenobia, Paris 1983.

Lauzi E., Bizantini versus Saraceni. Un’accusa d’idolatria, Ae 88.2, 2014, s. 283–309.

Lawrence D., Wilkinson T.J., The northern and western borderlands of the Sasanian empire: contextualising the Roman/Byzantine and Sasanian frontier, [in:] Sasanian Persia. Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia, ed. E.W. Sauer, Edinburgh 2017, s. 99–125.

Le Quien M., Oriens Christianus, t. I–III, Graz 1958 (rist. dell‘ed. del 1740).

Lecker M., The Levying of Taxes for the Sassanians in Pre-Islamic Medina, JSAI 27, 2002, s. 109–126.

Lecker M., Were the Ghassanids and the Byzantines behind Muhammad’s hijra?, [in:] Les Jafnides, des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), eds. D. Genequand, C.J. Robin, Paris 2015, s. 277–293.

Lenski N., Captivity and slavery among the Saracens in Late Antiquity (CA. 250–630 CE), AntT 19, 2011, s. 237–266.

Leppin H., Evagrius Scholasticus oder: Kirchengeschichte und Reichstreue, Man 6, 2003, s. 141–153.

Leppin H., Roman Identity in a Border Region: Evagrius and the Defence of the Roman Empire, [in:] Visions of Community in the Post-Roman World, eds. W. Pohl et al., Farnham 2012, s. 241–258.

Letsios D.G., Amorkesos and the Roman foederati w Arabia w the Vth Century, [in:] L’Arabie préislamique et son environnement historique et culturel. Actes de Colloque de Strasbourg 24–27 juin 1987, ed. T. Fahd, Leiden 1989, s. 525–535.

Levine L., Two neo-Assyrian stelae from Iran, Toronto 1972.

Lewicka M., System arabskiej notacji i transliteracji, [in:] Cz. Łapicz, J. Kulwicka-Kamińska, Tefsir Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Teoria i praktyka badawcza, Toruń 2015, s. 101–137.

Lewin A., Amr ibn Adi, Mavia, the phylarchs and the late Roman army, peace and war in the Near East, [in:] The Late Roman Army in the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest. Proceedings of a Colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza, and Matera, Italy (May 2005), eds. A. Lewin, P. Pellegrini, Oxford 2007, s. 243–262.

Lewin A., Did the Roman Empire have a military strategy and were the Jafnids a part of it?, [in:] Les Jafnides, des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), eds. D. Genequand , C.J. Robin, Paris 2015, s. 154–192.

Lewin A., Rome’s relations with the Arab/indigenous people in the first to the third centuries CE, [in:] Inside and Out. Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers, eds. J. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven 2014, s. 111–141.

Lewin A.S., The New Frontiers of Late Antiquity in the Near East. From Diocletian To Justinian, [in:] Frontiers in the Roman World. Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durham, 16–19 April 2009), eds. O. Heksterand, T. Kaizer, Leiden–Boston 2011, s. 233–263.

Lewis N., The World of P.Yadin, BASP 28.1/2, 1991, s. 35–41.

Liebeschuetz J.H.W.G., Arab Tribesmen and Desert Frontiers in Late Antiquity, JLA 8.1, 2015, s. 62–96.

Liebeschuetz J.H.W.G., The defences of Syria in the sixth century, [in:] Studien zu den Militéirgrenzen Roms 2. Vortréige des 10. intemationalen Limeskongresses in der Germania inferior, Xanten, 1974, Köln 1977, s. 494–499.

Lieu S.N.C., Manichaeism in Mesopotamia and the Roman East, Leiden 1994.

Lieu S.N.C., Montserrat D., From Julian to Constantine. Pagan and Byzantine Views. A Source History, London 1996.

Link M., Die Erzählung des Pseudo-Neilos: Ein spätantiker Märtyrerroman–Einleitung, Text, Übersetzung, Kommentar, Munich 2005.

Lot F., La Notitia dignitatum utriusque imperii: Ses tares, sa date de composition, sa valeur, REA 38.3, 1936, s. 285–338.

Ludwig Hallier A. von, Untersuchungen über die Edessenische Chronik, Leipzig 1892.

Lundin A.G., The Jewish Communities w Yemen During the 4th–6th Centuries (According To Epigraphic Material), [in:] Judeo- Yemenite Studies.Proceedings of second int. congr., eds. E. Isaac, Y. Tobi, Princeton 1999, s. 17–25.

Luther A., Medo nectis catenas? Die Expedition des Aelius Gallus im Rahmen der augusteischen Partherpolitik, OT 5, 1999, s. 157–182.

Łukaszewicz A., Ogniem i mieczem w Egipcie, Św 2 (43), 2000, s. 119–120.

MacAdam H.I., Strabon, Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy of Alexandria: Three Views of Ancient Arabia and its Peoples, [in:] L’Arabie préislamique et son environnement historique et culturel. Actes du Colloque de Strasbourg 24–27 Juin 1987, Leiden 1989, s. 289–319.

MacAdam H.I., The History of Philadelphia in the Classical Period, [in:] Studies in the Roman and Islamic’Amman, ed. A. Northedge, New York–Oxford 1992, s. 27–45.

MacAdam H.I., The Nemara Inscription. Some Historical Considerations, Ab 28, 1980, s. 3–16.

MacCoull L.S.B., Dioscorus and the Dukes: An Aspect of Coptic Hellenism in the Sixth Century, ByzS 13, 1986, s. 30–40 [=L.S.B. MacCoull, Coptic Perspectives on Late Antiquity, Aldershot 1993, art. X].

MacCoull L.S.B., Dioscorus of Aphrodito: His Work and His World, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London 1989.

Macdonald B., East of the Jordan, Territories and Sites of the Hebrew Scriptures, The American School of Oriental Research, Boston 2000, https://www.bu.edu/asor/pubs/books-monographs/macdonald.pdf

Macdonald M.C.A, On Saracens. The Rawwāh Inscription and the Roman Army, [in:] idem, Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia, Ashgate 2009, art. I, s. 1–26.

Macdonald M.C.A., ‘Les Arabes en Syrie’ or ‘La pénétration des Arabes en Syrie’: a question of perceptions?, [in:] La Syrie hellénistique, Paris 2003, s. 303–318.

Macdonald M.C.A., “Romans go home”? Rome and other “outsiders” as viewed from the Syro-Arabian desert, [in:] Inside and Out. Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples of the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers, eds. J. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven 2014, s. 143–164.

Macdonald M.C.A., A dated Nabataean inscription from South Arabia, [in:] Arabia Felix, Beiträge zur Sprache und Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien. Festschrift Walter W. Müller zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. N. Nebes, Wiesbaden 1994, s. 132–141.

Macdonald M.C.A., Ancient North Arabian, [in:] The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient, Languages, ed. R.D. Woodard, Cambridge 2004, s. 488–533.

Macdonald M.C.A., Arabi, Arabie e Greci. Forme di contatto e percezione, [in:] I Greci. Storia Cultura Aret Società. 3. I Greci oltre la Grecia, ed. S. Settis, Torino 2001, s. 231–266.

Macdonald M.C.A., Arabians, Arabias, and the Greeks, contact and perceptions, To 16, 2009, s. 277–332 [= Idem, Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia, Farnham 2009, art. V, s. 1–33].

Macdonald M.C.A., Corcella A., Darayee T. et al., Arabs and Empires Before the Sixth Century, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 11–89.

Macdonald M.C.A., Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia, Farnham 2009.

Macdonald M.C.A., Nomads and the Hawran in the Late Hellenistic and Roman Periods, a reassessment of the epigraphic evidence, Sy 70, 1993, s. 303–403 [=Idem, Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia, Farnham 2009, art. II].

Macdonald M.C.A., North Arabia in the First Millenium BCE, [in:] Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, t. II, ed. J.M. Sasson, New York 1995.

Macdonald M.C.A., Personal names in the Nabataean realm, a review article, JSS 44.2, 1999, s. 251–289.

Macdonald M.C.A., Reflections on the Linguistic Map of Pre-Islamic Arabia, ArAE 11.1, 2000, s. 28–79.

Macdonald M.C.A., Some reflections on epigraphy and ethnicity in the Roman Near East, MAr 11, 1998, s. 177–190.

Macdonald M.C.A., The ‘Abiel’ coins of Eastern Arabia, a study of the Aramaic legends, [in:] Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms. Studies in the Monetization of Ancient Arabia, eds. M. Huth, P.G. Van Alfen, New York 2010, s. 403–548.

Macdonald M.C.A., The Old Arabic graffito at Jabal Usays, a new reading of line 1, [in:] The Development of Arabic as a Written Language, ed. M.C.A. Macdonald, Oxford 2010, s. 141–143.

Machowski W., Petra, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków 2007.

Maciejewska A., Fabula in palliata. Elementy bajki w komedii rzymskiej, AUW.CW 3028.28, 2008, s. 181–187.

MacKinnon M., Fauna of the Ancient Mediterranean World, [in:] Animals in Classical Thought and Life, Oxford 2015.

MacMullen R., Christianizing the Roman Empire, Yale 1983.

Madsen J.M., Cassius Dio, London 2020.

Maksymiuk K., „Apostoł” Arabów – Ahudemmeh. Kilka uwag na temat sporów doktrynalnych i wiarygodności przekazów źródłowych SBO 4, 2012, s. 183–195.

Maksymiuk K., Geography of Roman-Iranian wars. Military operations of Rome and Sasanian Iran, Siedlce 2015.

Maksymiuk K., The capture Ḥaṭrā in light of military and political activities, of Ardašīr I, H&Ś 6, 2017, s. 89–95.

Malbran-Labat F., Éléments pour une recherche sur le nomadisme en Mésopotamie au premier millénaire av. J.-C., I: L’image du nomade, JA 268, 1980, s. 11–33.

Malinowski G., O Morzu Czerwonym, [in:] Agatarchides z Knidos, Dzieje, O Azji i O Europie. Fragmenty historii powszechnej O Morzu Czerwonym. Traktat historyczny o krajach południa, przeł., wstępem i komentarzem opatrzył G. Malinowski, Wrocław 2007, s. 97–119.

Malinowski G., Przekład, interpretacja i komentarz zachowanych ekscerptów i fragmentów dzieł Agatarchidesa, [in:] Agatarchides z Knidos, Dzieje, O Azji i O Europie. Fragmenty historii powszechnej O Morzu Czerwonym. Traktat historyczny o krajach południa, przeł., wstępem i komentarzem opatrzył G. Malinowski, Wrocław 2007, s. 209–711.

Malinowski G., Wiadomości o życiu i dziełach Agatarchidesa, [in:] Agatarchides z Knidos, Dzieje, O Azji i O Europie. Fragmenty historii powszechnej O Morzu Czerwonym. Traktat historyczny o krajach południa, przeł., wstępem i komentarzem opatrzył G. Malinowski, Wrocław 2007, s. 17–61.

Mango C., Historia Bizancjum, przeł. M. Dąbrowska, Gdańsk 1997.

Mango C., Who Wrote the Chronicle of Theophanes?, ZRVI 18, 1978, s. 9–18.

Mansouri M.T., Byzantium and the Arabs from the VIIth to XIth Century, MWo 20, 2010, s. 58–67, http://hdl.handle.net/10086/19198.

Maraqten M., Sacred spaces in ancient Yemen – The Awām Temple, Maʾrib: A case study, [in:] Pre-Islamic South Arabia and its Neighbours: New Developments of Research Proceedings of the 17th Rencontres Sabéennes held in Paris, 6–8 June 2013, eds. M. Arbach, J. Schiettecatte, Oxford 2015, s. 107–133.

Maraqten M., Sholan A., An Inscribed Golden Amulet of the Goddess ‘Uzzayān, Ray 8, 2013, s. 111–114.

Maraval P., Le nuove frontiere, [in:] Storia del cristianesimo, t. II, La nascita di una cristianita (250–430), ed. G. Alberigo, Roma 2000, s. 870–883.

Marek C., Der römische Inschriftenstein von Baraqi, [in:] Arabia Felix. Beiträge zur Sprache und Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien, ed. N. Nebes, Wiesbaden 1994, s. 178–190.

Marek C., Die Expedition des Aelius Gallus nach Arabien im Jahre 25 v. Chr., Chi 23, 1993, s. 121–156.

Margoliouth G., Descriptive List of Syriac and Karshuni Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired since 1873, London 1899.

Maricq A., Res Gestae Divi Saporis, Sy 35, 1958, s. 295–360.

Marsham A., “God’s Caliph” revisited, Umayyad political thought in its late antique context, [in:] Power, Patronage, and Memory in Early IslamPerspectives on Umayyad Elites, eds. A. George, A. Marsham, Oxford 2018, s. 3–38.

Marsham A., Rituals of Islamic Monarchy. Accession and Succession in the First Muslim Empire, Edinburgh 2009.

Martindale J.R., Arethas (al-Harith ibn Jabalah), [in:] The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, III A, Cambridge 1992, s. 111–113.

Martindale J.R., Asphebetus, [in:] The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, t. II, Cambridge 1980, s. 169–170.

Martino S., Nappo D., La politica orientale tra Traiano e Marco Aurelio, [in:] Interventi imperiali in campo economico e sociale. Da Augusto al Tardoantico, eds. A. Storchi Marino, G.D. Merola, Bari 2009, s. 121–141.

Maspero J., Φοιδερᾶτοι et Στρατιῶται dans l ’armée byzantine au VIe siècle, BZ 21, 1912, s. 97–109.

Mathoeu-Colas M., Divinites arabes, http://www.mathieu-colas.fr/michel/Classes/Divinites_arabes.pdf

Matthews J., The Roman Empire of Ammianus, London 1989.

Mattingly H., Sydenham E.A., Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. 2, Vespasian–Hadrian (69–138), London 1926.

Mayerson Ph., A Confusion of Indias. Asian India and African India in the Byzantine Sources, JAOS 113, 1993, s. 169–174.

Mayerson Ph., Observations on the ‘Nilus’ Narrationes. Evidence for an Unknown Christian Sect?, [in:] idem, Monks, Martyrs, Soldiers and Saracens: Papers on the Near, East in Late Antiquity (1962–1993), Jerusalem 1994, s. 105–128.

Mayerson Ph., Palaestina vs. Arabia in the Byzantine Sources, ZPE 56,1984, 223–230 [= idem, Monks, Martyrs, Soldiers and Saracens: Papers on the Near, East in Late Antiquity (1962–1993), Jerusalem 1994, s. 224–231].

Mayerson Ph., Saracens and Romans: Micro-Macro Relationships, BASOR 274, s. 1989, s. 71–79.

Mayerson Ph., The Desert of Southern Palestine According to Byzantine Sources, APhS 107.2, 1963, s. 160–172.

Mayerson Ph., The First Muslim Attacks on Southern Palestine (A.D. 633–634), TPAPA 95, 1964, s. 155–199.

Mayerson Ph., The Island of Iotabe in the Byzantine Sources, BASOR 287, 1992, s. 1–4.

Mayerson Ph., The port of Clysma (Suez) in Transition from the Roman to Arab Rule, JNES 55, 1996, s. 119– 126.

Mayerson Ph., The Use of the Term Phylarchos in the Roman-Byzantine East, ZPE 88, 1991, s. 291–295.

Mayerson Ph., The word Saracen in the papyri, ZPE 79, 1989, s. 283–287.

Mazar B., Dunayevsky I., En-Gedi: Third Season of Excavations: Preliminary Report, IEJ 14.3, 1964, s. 121–130.

McDonough S., The legs of the throne: kings, elites, and subjects in Sasanian Iran, [in:] The Roman Empire in Context. Historical and Comparative Perspectives, eds. J.P. Arnason, K.A. Raaflub, Oxford 2011, s. 290–321.

McKenzie J.S., The Architecture of Petra, Oxford 1990.

McLaughlin R., Rome and the Distant East Trade Routes to the Ancient Lands of Arabia, India and China, London–New York 2010, s. 61–82.

McMahon L., The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (Ca. A.D. 400–650), PhD Ottawa 2014, https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/31772/1/McMahon_Lucas_2014_thesis.pdf

Megdad S. al-, Le Rôle de la Ville de Bosra dans l’histoire de la Jordanie aux Époques Nabatéenne et Romaine, [in:] SHAJ 1, 1982, s. 267–273.

Mellon Saint-Laurent J.-N. Missionary stories and the formation of the Syriac churches, Providence, Rhode Island 2015, https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:90/PDF/

Mellor R., Tacitus, London–New York 1993.

Mellor R., The Roman Historians, London–New York 1999.

Mendell C.W., Tacitus: the man and his work, Yale 1957.

Menze V., Justinian and the Making of the Syrian Orthodox Church, Oxford 2008.

Micheau F., Les débuts de l’Islam. Jalons pour une nouvelle histoire, Paris 2012.

Millar F., A Study of Cassius Dio, Oxford 1964.

Millar F., A Syriac codex from near Palmyra and the ‘Ghassanid’ Abokarib, Hug 16.1, 2013, s. 15–35.

Millar F., Christian monasticism in Roman Arabia at the birth of Mahomet, S&C 2, 2009, s. 97–115.

Millar F., Hagar, Ishmael, Josephus, and the origins of Islam, JJS 44, 1993, s. 23–45 [= Rome, the Greek World, and the East, t. III: The Greek World, the Jews, and the East, eds. F. Millar, H.M. Cotton, G. MacLean Rogers, s. 351–377].

Millar F., Jerome and Palestine, SCIsr 29, 2010, s. 59–79.

Millar F., Paul of Samosata, Zenonobia, and Aurelian: The Church, Local Culture, and Political Allegiance in Third Century Syria, [in:] idem, Rome, the Greek World, and the East, t. III: The Greek World, the Jews, and the East, eds. F. Millar, H.M. Cotton, G. MacLean Rogers, s. 243–274.

Millar F., Religion, Language, and Community in the Roman Near East: Constantine to Muhammad, London 2013.

Millar F., Rome’s Arab allies in late antiquity. Conceptions and representations from within the frontiers of the empire, [in:] Commutatio et Contentio. Studies in the Late Roman, Sasanian, and Early Islamic Near East, eds. H. Börm, J. Wiesehöfer, Düsseldorf 2010, s. 199–226.

Millar F., The Evolution of the Syrian Orthodox Church, JECS 21.1, 2013, s. 43–92.

Millar F., The Image of a Christian monk in Northern Syria, Symeon Stylites the Younger, [in:] Being Christian in Late Antiquity. A Festschrift for Gillian Clark, eds. C. Harrison, C. Humfress, I. Sandwell, Oxford 2014, s. 278–296.

Millar F., The Roman Near East 31 BC – AD 337, Cambridge, MA 1993.

Millar F., The Theodosian Empire (408–450) and the Arabs, Saracens or Ishmaelites?, [in:] Cultural Borrowings and Ethnic Appropriations in Antiquity, ed. E. Gruen, Stuttgart 2005, s. 297–314.

Miller E., Fragment inédit d’Appien, RA, Nouvelle Série, 19, 1869, s. 101–110.

Miller J.I., The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire, 29B.C. to A.D.641, Oxford 1969.

Miotto M., Bisanzio e la difesa della Siria: Arabi foederati, incursioni arabe e conquista islamica (IV–VII saec.), Porph 10, 2007, s. 5–28.

Mirkovic A., Prelude to Constantine: The Invented Tradition of King Abgar of Edessa, PhD Nashville, Tennessee 2002.

Mirkovic A., Prelude to Constantine: The Abgar tradition in early Christianity, Frankfurt am Main 2004.

Mitchell S., A History of the Later Roman Empire AD 284– 641, Chichester 2015.

Modéran Y., Les Maures et l’Afrique Romaine (IVe-VIIe siècle), Rome 2003.

Mohammad Z., A Radically Different Reading of An-Namara Inscription, https://www.academia.edu/9833235/A_Radically_Different_Reading_of_An_Namara_Inscription_an_edited_copy

Mohammed S.M.B., The Role of Trade in the Evolution of the Nabataean Religious Belief, MERJ 42, 2017, s. 34–60.

Mol H.J., Identity and the Sacred: A Sketch for a New Social-Scientific Theory of Religion, Oxford 1976.

Molina D.S., Arabia Petraea, de reino cliente a provincia romana (63 a. C.–106 d. C.), [in:] Poder central y poder local: dos realidades paralelas en la órbita política romana, eds. G. Bravo, R.G. Salinero, Madrid HN–Salamanca 2015, s. 313–330.

Monceaux P., Brosse L., Chalcis ad Belum: notes sur l’histoire et les ruines de la ville, Sy 6.4,1925, s. 339–350.

Monferrer-Sala J.P., A king amongst kings. On the term mlk in the context of the North Arabian Aramaic inscriptions, [in:] Archaism and Innovation in the Semitic Languages. Selected Papers, ed. J. P. Monferrer-Sala, W.G.E. Watson, Cordoba 2013, s. 93–112.

Monferrer-Sala J.P., De viaje por el desierto de al-Nafūd. A propôsito de Tayyāyē, hanpē w-ma ‘Addāyē, [in:] Entre Oriente y Occidente. Ciudades y viajeros en la Edad Media, eds. J.P. Monferrer Sala, M.D. Rodrfguez Gômez, Granada 2005, s. 333–356.

Monferrer-Sala J.P., Lakhmids against Ghassanids in the late 6th c. CE. Qabūs b. al-Mundhir defeats al-Mundhir b. Ḥārith b. Jabala. A pre-Islamic episode rendered into Arabie from Syriac, [in:] Interrelations between the Peoples of the Near East and Byzantium in Pre-Islamic Times, ed. V. Christides, Cordoba 2015, s. 79–103.

Monferrer-Sala J.P., Retrato de la reina preislámica Ma‘wiyā en Karšūnī. Análisis de la versión árabe a partir de su original arameo siriaco, AEA 26, 2015, s. 201–212.

Montgomery I. A., Arabia and the Bible, Philadelphia 1934.

Morales H., Vision and Narrative in Achilles Tatius’ Leucippe and Clitophon, Cambridge 2004.

Moriggi M., Bucci I., Aramaic Graffiti from Hatra. A Study Based on the Archive of the Missione Archeologica Italiana, With appendices by F.A. Pennacchietti, R. Venco Ricciardi, Leiden–Boston 2019.

Morley C., The Arabian frontier, a keystone of the Sasanian empire, [in:] Sasanian Persia. Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia, ed. E.W. Sauer, Edinburgh 2017, s. 268–283.

Morley C., Interaction and contact between the Roman and Sasanian empires in late antiquity, [in:] Vivre et penser les frontières dans le monde méditerranéen antique, eds. Berthelot et al., Paris 2016, s. 117–126.

Morley C., Rome and the Sasanian Empire in the Fifth Century A.D: A Necessary Peace, PhD Thesis University of Liverpool 2015, https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2025143/1/MorleyCra_Feb2015_2025143.pdf

Morony M., The Arabisation of the Gulf, [in:] The Arab Gulf and the Arab World, ed. B.R. Pridham, London 1988, s. 3–28.

Mouterde R., Poidebard A., Les Limes de Chalcis, vol. I, Paris 1945.

Mouton M., Cuny J., La transition vers la période Sassanide dans la péninsule d’Oman, [in:] L’Arabie à la veille de l’Islam. Bilan Clinique, eds. J. Schiettecatte, C.J. Robin, Paris 2009, s. 91–134.

Mouton M., P. Sanlaville, Suire J., A new map of Qani (Yemen), ArAE 19.2, 2008, s. 198–209.

Müller D.H., Arabia, [in:] RE, t. III, 1895, s. 344–359.

Mundell Mango M., Androna and the Late Antique Cities of Oriens, [in:] New Cities In Late Antiquity. Documents And Archaeology, ed. E. Rizos, Turnhout 2017, s. 189–204.

Mundell Mango M., Essay Byzantine Settlement Expansion in North Central Syria: the Case of Androna/Andarin, [in:] Le Proche-Orient de Justinien aux Abbassides, eds. A. Borrut, M. Debié, A. Papaconstantinou, D. Pieri, J.-P. Sodini, Paris 2011, s. 93–122.

Mundell Mango M., Excavations and Survey at Androna, Syria: The Oxford Team 1999, DOP 56, 2002, s. 307–315.

Munro-Hay S.C., Aksum. An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity, 1991, https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib4/NJ01000562/Centricity/Domain/602/aksum.pdf

Munro-Hay S.C.H., The Coinage of Shabwa (Hadhramawt), and Other Ancient South Arabian Coinage in the National Museum, Aden, Sy 68.1/4, 1991, s. 393–418.

Munt H., Oman and late Sasanian imperialism, ArAE 28.2, 2017, s. 264–284.

Munt H., Daryaee T., Edaibat O., Hoyland R., Toral-Niehof I., Arabic and Persian sources for pre-Islamic Arabia, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 434–500.

Murphy C.C.R., Who were the Saracens, AR 41, 1945, s. 188–190.

Musil A., Palmyrena, New York 1928.

Musil A., The Middle Euphrates. A Topographical Itinerary, New York 1927.

Musil A., The Northern Ḥeğâz: A Topographical Itinerary, New York 1926.

Nadvi Muzaffar-ud-Din S., Geographical History of the Quran, t. I, Lahore 1992.

Nappo D., Jotabe and Leuke Kome: customs gates from Byzantine to Roman time, IAnt 13, 2015, s. 163–179.

Nappo D., On the location of Leuke Kome, JRA 23, 2010, s. 335–348.

Nappo D., Roman policy in the Red Sea between Anastasius and Justinian, [in:] Connected Hinterlands. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Peoples of the Red Sea Region, eds. L.K. Blue, J. Cooper, R.I. Thomas, R.J. Wainwright, Oxford 2009, s. 71–77.

Nappo D., Roman policy on the Red Sea in the Second Century CE, [in:] Across the ocean, nine essays on Indo Mediterranean trade, eds. F. De Romanis , M. Maiuro, Leiden 2015, s. 55–72.

Nau F., L’Histoire ecclésiastique de Jean d’Asie, Patriarche Jacobite de Constantinople (†585), ROC 2, 1897, s. 455–493.

Nau F., Les Arabes chrétiens de Mésopotamie et de Syrie du VIIe au VIIIe siècle, Paris 1933.

Nautin P., L’auteur de la ‘Chronique anonyme de Guidi’: Élie de Merw, RHR 199, 1982, s. 303–314.

Nebes N., Eine datierte nabatäisch-sabäische Bilingue aus Sirwah, J-R 37.1, 2006, s. 10.

Nebes N., The martyrs of Najran and the end of Himyar: on the political history of South Arabia in the early sixth century, [in:] The Quran in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations into the Quranic Milieu, eds. A. Neuwirth, N. Sinai, M. Marx, Leiden 2010, s. 27–59.

Negev A., The Architecture of Oboda, Q 36, 1997, s. 104–106.

Negev A., The Nabataeans and the Provincia Arabia, [in:] ANRW, Teil II, Principat, Bd. VIII, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen und Randvölker: Syrien, Palästina, Arabien), eds. H. Temporini, W. Haase, Berlin–New York 1977, s. 520–686.

Negev A., The Date of the Petra-Gaza Road, PEQ 98, 1966, s. 89–98.

Nehmé L., A glimpse of the development of the Nabataean script into Arabic based on old and new epigraphic material, [in:] The Development of Arabic as a Written Language, ed. M.C.A. Macdonald, Oxford 2010, s. 47–88.

Nehmé L., New dated inscriptions (Nabataean and pre-Islamic Arabic) from a site near al-Jawf, ancient Dumah, Saudi Arabia, AEN 3, 2017, s. 121–164.

Nehmé L., Quelques éléments de réflexion sur Hégra et sa région à partir du IIe siècle après J.-C., [in:] L’Arabie à la veille de l’Islam. Bilan Clinique, eds. J. Schiettecatte, C.J. Robin, Paris 2009, s. 37–58.

Nehmé L., Strategoi in the Nabataean kingdom, a reflection of central places?, AEN 1, 2015, s. 103–122.

Nehmé L., al-Talhi D., Villeneuve F., Hégra d’Arabie Heureuse, [in:] Routes d’Arabie. Archéologie et histoire du royaume d’Arabie Saoudite, ed. A.I. al-Ghabban, Paris 2010, s. 286–307.

Niehr H., Ba‘alšamin-Studien I. Ba‘alšamin und Duraḥlun in Palmyra. II. Ba’alšamin im Kult von Hatra, SELVOA 13, 1996, s. 59–73.

Nikaido S., Hagar and Ishmael as Literary Figures: An Intertextual Study, VT 2001, s. 219–242.

Noiville J., Le culte de l’étoile du matin chez les Arabes préislamiques et la féte de l’Epiphanie, He 8, 1928, s. 364–384.

Nöldeke Th., Die Ghassanischen Fürsten aus dem Hause Gafnas, Berlin 1887.

Nöldeke Th., Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden, Leyden 1879.

Nöldeke Th., Zur Topographie und Geschichte des Damascenischen Gebietes und der Haurangegend, ZDMG 29, 1875, s. 119–444.

Nomads in a Changing World, eds. P. Salzman, J.G. Galaty, Naples 1990.

Noth A., Conrad L.I., The Early Arabic Historical Tradition. A Source-Critical Study, transl. M. Bonner, 2nd edn. Princeton, NJ 1994.

Novikov K., Leucippe and Clitophon by Achilles Tatius: rhetorical figures, narrative tempo and genres in the Greek novel, PhD Tartu 2014, https://www.academia.edu/9362616/_Leucippe_and_Clitophon_by_Achilles_Tatius_rhetorical_figures_narrative_tempo_and_genres_in_the_Greek_novel

O’Hara R., An Assessment of the Notitia Dignitatum as a Historical Source for the Late Roman Bureaucracy, PhD National University of Ireland, Maynooth 2013, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/297015397.pdf

Oates D., A note on three Latin inscriptions from Hatra, Su 11.1, 1955, s. 39–43.

Oates D., Qasr Serīj: A Sixth Century Basilica in Northern Iraq, Iq 24.2, 1962, s. 78–89.

Okoye J.C., Sarah and Hagar: Genesis 16 and 21, JSOT 32.2, 2007, s. 163–175.

Olinder G., The Kings of Kinda of the Family of Ākil al-Murār, Lund 1927.

Osman G., Pre-Islamic Arab converts to Christianity in Mecca and Medina: An investigation into the Arabic Sources, MWo 95.1, 2005, s. 67–80.

Ovadiah A., Corpus of the Byzantine churches in the Holy Land, Bonn 1970.

Palanque J.-R., St. Jerome and the Barbarians, [in:] A Monument to St. ]erome: Essays on Some Aspects of His Life, Works and Influence, ed. F.X. Murphy, New York 1952, s. 171–199.

Palermo R., On the Edge of Empires. North Mesopotamia During the Roman Period (2nd–4th c. ce), New York 2019.

Palm J., Ober Sprache und Stil des Diodoros von Sizilien. Ein Beitrag zw· Beleuchtung der hellenistischen Prose, Lund 1955.

Palmer A., Dionysius, Introduction, [in:] The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles, Liverpool 1993, s. 85–104.

Palmer A., The seventh century in the West-Syrian chronicles, including two seventh-century Syriac apocalyptic texts, Liverpool 1993.

Pandura M., Perceiving Otherness, Creating Resemblance – the Byzantinization of Nomads in the Age of Justinian I: the Arabs, AEu 1, 2013, s. 43–69.

Paret H., Ismāʿīl, [in:] EI3ed, t. IV, 184–185.

Paret R., Note sur un passage de Malalas concernant les phylarques arabes, Ara 5.3, 1958, s. 251–262.

Parker S.T., History of the Roman Frontier East of the Dead Sea. The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Interim Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980–1985, Oxford 1987, s. 793–823.

Parker S.T., Human Settlement at the Northern Head of the Gulf of al-’Aqaba: Evidence of Site Migration, SHAJ 6, 1997, s. 189–193.

Parker S.T., Peasants, Pastoralists, and ‘Pax Romana’: A Different View, BASOR 265, 1987, s. 35–51.

Parker S.T., Preliminary Report on the 1980 Season of the Central “Limes Arabicus” Project, BASOR 247, 1982, s. 1–26.

Parker S.T., Preliminary Report on the 1994 Season of the Roman Aqaba Project, BASOR 305, 1997, s. 19–43.

Parker S.T., Roman Legionary Fortresses in the East, [in:] Roman Fortresses and Their Legions, eds. R. Brewer, London-Cardiff 2000, s. 121–128.

Parker S.T., Romans and Saracens. A History of The Arabia Frontier, Winona Lake 1986.

Parker S.T., The Foundation of Ayla: A Nabataean Port on the Red Sea, SHAJ 10, 2009, s. 685–690.

Parker S.T., The Limes Arabicus Project the 1989 Campaign, ADAJ 34, 1990, s. 357–376.

Parker S.T., The Roman ‘Aqaba Project the 1994 Campaign, ADAJ 15, 1996, s. 231–257.

Parker S.T., The Roman ‘Aqaba Project the 1996 Campaign, ADAJ 32, 1998, s. 375–394.

Parker S.T., The Roman Aqaba Project: Aila Rediscovered, BArch 57.3, 1994, s. 172–173.

Parker S.T., The Roman ‘Aqaba Project: the 1997 and 1998, ADAJ 44, 2000, s. 373–394.

Parker S.T., The Typology of Roman and Byzantine Forts and Fortresses in Jordan, SHAJ 5 1995, s. 251–260.

Parker Th., The Byzantine Period: An Empire’s New Holy Land, NEA l62.3, 1999, s. 140–141.

Patlagean E., Pauvreté économique et pauvreté sociale à Byzance 4e-7e siècles, Paris 1977.

Payne R.E., A State of Mixture. Christians, Zoroastrians, and Iranian Political Culture in Late Antiquity, Berkeley 2015.

Payne R.E., Iranian Cosmopolitanism. World religions at the Sasanian court, [in:] Cosmopolitanism and Empire. Universal Rulers, Local Elites, and Cultural Integration in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean, eds. M. Lavan, R. Payne, J. Weisweiler, Oxford 2016, s. 209–230.

Payne R.E., Monks, dinars, and date palms: hagiographical production and the expansion of monastic institutions in the early Islamic Persian Gulf, ArAE 22.1, 2011, s. 97–111.

Payne R.E., Territorializing Iran in late antiquity, autocracy, aristocracy, and the infrastructure of empire, [in:] Ancient States and Infrastructural Power. Europe, Asia, and America, eds. C. Ando, S. Richardson, Philadelphia 2017, s. 179–217.

Peacock D.P.S., Williams D.F., Amphorae and the Roman Economy: An Introduction Guide, London 1986.

Peeters F.E., Romans and Bedouin in Southern Syria, JNES 37, 1978, s. 315–326.

Penn M.Ph., Khuzistan Chronicle, [in:] idem, When Christians First Met Muslims: A Sourcebook of the Earliest Syriac Writings on Islam, Oakland 2015, s. 47–53.

Penn M.Ph., When Christians First Met Muslims: A Sourcebook of the Earliest Syriac Writings on Islam, Oakland 2015.

Peters F.E., Introduction, [in:] The Arabs and Arabia on the Eve of Islam, ed. F.E. Peters, Ashgate 1999, s. XI–LXIX.

Peters F.E., Romans and Beduins in Southern Syria, JNES 37.1, 1978, s. 315–326.

Peters F.E., The Arabs on the Frontier of Syria Before Islam, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Bilad-al-Sham, University of Jordan and Yarmouk University, Amman, 20–25 April 1974, Amman (?) 1984, s. 141–173.

Petersmann H., Le Culte du Soleil chez les Arabes selon les tèmoignages gréco-romains, [in:] L’Arabie préislamique et son environnement historique et culturel, ed. T. Fahd, Leiden 1989, s. 401–412.

Philby H. St. J.B., The Land of Midian, London 1957.

Philby H. St.J.B., The Land of Midian, MEJ 9.2, 1955, s. 117–129.

Philby H.St.J.B., Tritton A.S., Najran Inscriptions, JRAS 2, 1944, s. 119–129.

Phillips C., Villeneuve F., Facey W., A Latin inscription from South Arabia, PSAS 34, 2004, s. 239–250.

Piacentini V.F., Ardashīr I Pāpākan and the wars against the Arabs, working hypothesis on the Sasanian hold on the Gulf, PSAS 15, 1985, s. 57–78.

Piccirillo M., L’Arabia Cristiana: dalla provincia imperiale al primo periodo islamico, Milano 2002.

Piccirillo M., The Church of Saint Sergius at Nitl: a Centre of the Christian Arabs in the Steppe at the Gates of Madaba’, LAn 51, 2001, s. 267–284.

Piersimoni P., The Palmyrene Prosopography, London 1995.

Pigulewskaja N.V., Byzanz auf den Wegen nach Indien, Berlin 1969.

Pigulewskaja N.V., Die byzantinische Diplomatie und die Araber (vor dem VI. Jh.), [in:] Akten des XI. Inter. Byzantinistenkongresses, München 1960, s. 458–465.

Pinker A., The Expulsion of Hagar and Ishmael (Gen 21:9-21), WJ.MJ 6.1, 2009, s. 1–24.

Pirenne J., Le royaume sud-arabe de Qatabān et sa datation d’apres l’archeologie et les sources classiques jusqu ‘au Periple de la Mer Erythree, Louvain 1961.

Pirenne J., Maricq A., Le royaume sud-arabe de Qataban et sa datation, Louvain 1961.

Piwiński R., Mitologia Arabów, Warszawa 1989.

Pline l’Ancien, témoin de son temps. Actes du Colloque de Nantes (22–26 octobre 1985), eds. J. Pigeaud, J. Oroz, Salamanca–Nantes 1987.

Pohlsander Hans A., Philip the Arab and Christianity, Hi 29.4, 1980, s. 463–473.

Polański T., Wstęp, [in:] Diodor Sycylijski, O Agatoklesie i Antygonie Jednookim, red. S. Dworacki, przeł. T. Polański, kom. L. Mrozewicz, Poznań 2019, s. 7–10.

Polotsky H. J., The Greek Papyri from the Cave of the Letters, IEJ 2.3/4, 1961 (1962), s. 258–262.

Possekel U., Friendship with Rome: Edessan politics and culture in the time of King Abgar VIII, ARAM 28, 2016, s. 453–461.

Potter D.S., The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395, London 2004, 2nd ed., Abingdon-New York 2014.

Potter D.S., Palmyra and Rome: Odaenathus’ Titulature and the Use of Imperium Maius, ZPE 113, 1996, s. 271–285.

Potts D., The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, vol, II, Oxford 1990.

Potts D., Trans-Arabian routes of the pre-Islamic period, [in:] L’Arabie et ses mers bordières, I. Itinéraires et voisinages, Séminaire de recherche 1985–1986, ed. J.-F. Salles, Lyon 1988, s. 127–162 [= Idem, Mesopotamia, Iran and Arabia from the Seleucids to the Sasanians, Aldershot 2010, art. III].

Potts D., Arabia and the kingdom of Characene, [in:] Araby the Blest, Studies in Arabian Archaeology, ed. D.T. Potts, Copenhagen 1988, s. 137–167.

Potts D., Augustus, Aelius Gallus, and the Periplus, a re-interpretation of the coinage of Sanaa Class B. [in:] Arabia Felix, Beiträge zur Sprache und Kultur des vorislamischen Arabien, Festschrift Walter W. Müller zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. N. Nebes, Wiesbaden 1995, s. 212–222.

Potts D., In the land of the Emirates: The archaeology and history of the UAE (Trident Press and Sultan bin Zayed’s Culture and Media Centre, Abu Dhabi), London–Abu Dhabi 2012.

Potts D., La renaissance de l’Arabie du Nord-Est à l’époque hellénistique, [in:] Routes d’Arabie. Archéologie et histoire du royaume d’Arabie Saoudite, ed. A.I. al-Ghabban, Paris 2010, s. 374–385.

Potts D., The Arabian Peninsula, 600 BCE to 600 CE., [in:] Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms. Studies in the Monetization of Ancient Arabia, eds. M. Huth, P. G. Van Alfen, New York 2010, s. 27–64.

Potts D., The Circulation of Foreign coins within Arabia and of Arabian Coins Outside the Peninsula in the Pre-islamic Era, [in:] Coinage of the Caravan Kingdoms. Studies in the Monetization of Ancient Arabia, eds. M. Huth, P. G. Van Alfen, New York 2010, s. 65–82.

Potts D., The Roman relationship with the Persicus sinus from the rise of Spasinou Charax (127 BC) to the reign of Shapur II (AD 309–79), [in:] The Early Roman Empire in the East, ed. S. Alcock, Oxford 1997, s. 89–107.

Potts D., The Sasanian relationship with South Arabia, literary, epigraphic, and oral historical perspectives, SIr 37.2, 2008, s. 197–213.

Potts D.T., Thaj and the Location of Gerrha, PSAS 14, 1984, s. 87–91.

Pourshariati P., Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire. The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran, London 2008.

Powell J.U., Collectanea Alexandrina. Reliquiae minores Poetarum Graecorum Aetatis Ptolemaicae 323–146 A.C., Oxford 1925.

Power T., “You Shall Not See the Tribes of the Blemmyes or of the Saracens”: On the Other ‘Barbarians’ of the Late Roman Eastern Desert of Egypt, [in:] The History of the Peoples of the Eastern Desert, part. 2, eds. H. Barnard, K. Duistermaat, Cairo 2012, s. 323–339.

Power T., The material culture and economic rationale of Saracen settlement in the eastern desert of Egypt, [in:] Le Proche-Orient de Justinien aux Abbassides. Peuplement et dynamiques spatiales, eds. A. Borrut, M. Debié, A. Papaconstantinou, D. Pieri, J.-P. Sodini, Turnhout 2011, s. 331–344.

Power T., The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate AD 500–1000, Cairo 2012.

Power, Patronage, and Memory in Early Islam. Perspectives on Umayyad Elites, eds. A. George, A. Marsham, Oxford 2018.

Powers D.S., Demonizing Zenobia: the legend of al-Zabbāʼ in Islamic sources, [in:] Histories of the Middle East: Studies in Middle Eastern Society, Economy and Law in Honor of A.L. Udovitch, eds.R. Margaritai, A. Sabra, P. Sijpenstein, Leiden–Boston 2011, s. 127–182.

Préaux C., Une source nouvelle sur l’annexion de l’Arabie par Trajan : les papyrus de Michigan 465 et 466, Pho 5, 1950/1951, s. 123–139.

Price R., Politics and Bishops’ Lists at the First Council of Ephesus, AHC 44, 2012, s. 395–420.

Prideaux W. F., The Coins of the Axumite Dynasty, NC ser. 3, 4, 1884, s. 205–219.

Proche-Orient de Justinien aux Abbassides, Le, Peuplement et dynamiques spatiales, eds. A. Borrut, M. Debié, A. Papaconstantinou, D. Pieri, J.-P. Sodini, Turnhout 2011.

Purpura G., Sulle origini della Notitia Dignitatum, AUPA 42, 1992, s. 471–483.

Qāni’. Le port antique du Ḥaḍramawt entre la Méditerranée, l’Afrique et l’Inde. Fouilles russes 1972, 1985–89, 1991, 1993–94 (Indicopleustoi. Archaeologies of the Indian Ocean, 6, Preliminary Reports of the Russian Archaeological Mission to the Republic of Yemen, IV), eds. J.-F. Salles, A. Sedov, Turnhout 2010.

Quran in Context, Historical and Literary Investigations into the Quranic Milieu, The, eds. A. Neuwirth, N. Sinai, M. Marx, Leiden 2010.

Rahmé P.G., Les écrivains syriaques, [in:] Sources syriaques. Nos sources. Arts et littérature syriaques, Lebanon 2005, s. 185–209.

Rajak T., Josephus: the Historian and His Society, 2nd ed., London 2002.

Ramosino L.C., Plinio il Vecchio e la tradizione storica di Roma nella Naturalis historia, Alessandria 2004.

Raschke M.G., New Studies in Roman Commerce with the East, ANRW, Teil II, Principat, Bd. IX.2, Teilbänden: Politische Geschichte (Provinzen und Randvölker), Rom und der Ferne Osten, Berlin 1978, s. 604–1361.

Renel F., Mouton M., The Architectural remains and pottery assemblage from the early phases at the Qasr, [in:] Men on the Rocks, The Formation of Nabataean Petra. Proceedings of a Conference held in Berlin 2–4 December 2011, eds. M. Mouton, S.G. Schmid, Berlin 2013, s. 57–78.

Retsö J., Arabs in the Pre-Islamic South Arabia, ABY 10, 2005, s. 127–130.

Retsö J., Petra and Qadesh, SEA, 76, 2011, s. 115–124.

Retsö J., The Arabs in Antiquity, Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads, London 2003.

Retsö J., The Earliest Arabs, OrSu 38–39, 1989–1990, s. 131–139.

Retsö J., The Nabataeans – problems of defining ethnicity in the ancient world, [in:] Visions of Community in the Post-Roman World. The West, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, 300—1100, eds. W. Pohl, C. Gantner, R. Payne, Farnham 2012, s. 73–80.

Retsö J., Where and What was Arabia Felix ?, PSAS 30, 2000, s. 189–192.

Revisiting the Religious Life of Palmyra, ed. R. Raja, Turnhout 2019.

Rhodokanakis N., Die Inschriften an der Mauer von Kohlan-Timna’, Wien 1924.

Rist J., Die sog. Kirchengeschichte des Zacharias Rhetor, [in:] Syriaca, ed. M. Tamcke, Münster 2002, s. 77–99.

Robin Ch.J., À propos des « Filles d’Īl » (complément à l’article publié dans Semitica, 50, 2001, pp. 113–192), Sem 52/53, 2007, s. 139–148.

Robin Ch.J., Abraha et la reconquête de l’Arabie déserte, un réexamen de l’inscription Ryckmans 506 = Murayghan 1, JSAI 39, 2012, 1–93.

Robin Ch.J., Arabia and Ethiopia, [in:] The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, ed. S.F. Johnson, Oxford 2012, s. 247–334.

Robin Ch.J., Arabie heureuse, Arabie déserte. Les antiquités arabiques du Musée du Louvre, NDMF 31, 1997, s. 265–269.

Robin Ch.J., Athtar au féminin en Arabie méridionale, [in:] New Research in Archaeology and Epigraphy of South Arabia and its Neighbors, Proceedings of the “Rencontres sabéennes”, Moscow 2011, ed. A. V. Sedov, Moscow 2012, s. 333–366.

Robin Ch.J., Before Himyar. Epigraphic evidence for the kingdoms of south Arabia, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 90–126.

Robin Ch.J., Chrétiens de l’Arabie heureuse et de l’Arabie déserte: de la victoire à l’échec ArChr 309, décembre 2005–janvier 2006, s. 24–35.

Robin Ch.J., Gerrha d’Arabie, cité séleucide, [in:] Henri Seyring (1895–1973), Actes du colloque Henri Seyring (1895–1973) tenu les 10 et 11 octobre 2013 à la BNF et à l’AIBL, eds. F. Duyrat, F. Briquel-Chatonnet, J.-M.Dentzer, O. Picard, Beyrouth 2016, s. 223–250 [=Sy, Supplément 3, 2016, s. 223–250].

Robin Ch.J., Ghassān en Arabie, [in:] Les Jafnides. Des rois arabes au service de Byzance (vie siècle de l’ère chrétienne), eds. D. Genequand, Ch.J. Robin, Paris 2015, s. 79–120.

Robin Ch.J., Himyar, Aksum, and Arabia Deserta in Late Antiquity, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 127–171.

Robin Ch.J., Joseph, dernier roi de Ḥimyar (de 522 à 525, ou une des années suivantes), JSAI 32, 2008, s. 1–124.

Robin Ch.J., Judaïsme et christianisme en Arabie du Sud d’après les sources épigraphiqueset archéologiques, PSAS 10, 1980, s. 85–96.

Robin Ch.J., L’Arabie à la veille de l’islam. La campagne d’Abraha contre La Mecque ou la guerre des pèlerinages, [in:] Les sanctuaires et leur rayonnement dans le monde méditerranéene de l’antiquité à l’époque modern, eds. J. de La Genière, A. Vauchez, J. Leclant, Beaulieu-sur-Mer-Paris 2010, s. 213–242.

Robin Ch.J., L’Arabie dans le Coran. Réexamen de quelques termes à la lumière des inscriptions préislamiques, [in:] Les origines du Coran, le Coran des origines, eds. F. Déroche, C.J. Robin and M. Zink, Paris 2015, s. 27–74.

Robin Ch.J., L’arrivée du christianisme en Éthiopie: La « conversion » de l’Éthiopie, [in:] Saints Fondateurs du Christianisme Éthiopien, trans. and introd. G. Colin, Paris 2017, s. 22–57.

Robin Ch.J., La fin du royaume de Maʿīn, ROr. 11, 1998, s. 177–188.

Robin Ch.J., La première intervention abyssine en Arabie méridionale (de 200 à 270 de l’ère chrétienne environ), [in:] Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, vol. II, ed. T. Beyene, Addis Ababa 1989, s. 147–162.

Robin Ch.J., La reprise du commerce caravanier transarabique à la fin de l’antiquité, [in:] A Pioneer of Arabia. Studies in the Archaeology and Epigraphy of the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula in honor of Moaqiyah Ibrahim, eds. Z. Kafaf, M. Maraqten, Rome 2014, s. 271–304.

Robin Ch.J., Le grande église d’Abraha à Sanaa. Quelques remarques sur son emplacement, ses dimensions, et sa date, [in:] Interrelations Between the Peoples of the Near East and Byzantium in Pre-Islamic times, ed. V. Christides, Cordoba 2015, s. 105–129.

Robin Ch.J., Le judaïsme de Ḥimyar, Ar 1, 2003, s. 97–172.

Robin Ch.J., Le roi himyarite Tharan Yuhanim (avant 325–v. 375): stabilisation politique et reforme religieuse, JSAI 41, 2014, s. 1–96.

Robin Ch.J., Le royaume hujride, dit “royaume de Kinda”, entre Himyar et Byzance, CRAI 140.2, 1996, s. 665–714.

Robin Ch.J., Les Arabes de Ḥimyar, des “Romains” et des Perses (III e-VI e siècles de l’ère chrétienne), S&C 1, 2008, s. 167–207.

Robin Ch.J., Les chrétiens du golfe Arabo-Persique (5ème–7ème siècle). Indocilité et dissidences en milieu tribal, [in:] Les Chrétiens d’Orient, ed. F. Briquel-Chattonet, DosAr Hors-Série 33, 2017, s. 64–69.

Robin Ch.J., Les inscriptions d’al-Miʿs āl et la chronologie de l’Arabie méridionale au IIIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne, CRAI 1981, s. 320–321.

Robin Ch.J., Les “Filles de Dieu” de Sabaʾ à La Mecque: réflexions sur l’agencement des panthéons dans l’Arabie ancienne, Sem 50, 2001, s. 113–192.

Robin Ch.J., Les religions pratiquées par les membres de la tribu de Kinda (Arabie) à la veille de l’Islam, JA. IJHP 1, 2013, s. 203–261.

Robin Ch.J., Les rois de Kinda, [in:] Arabia, Greece and Byzantium. Cultural Contacts in Ancient and Medieval Times, t. II, ed. A. Al-Helabi, D.G. Letzios, M. Al-Moraekhi, A. Al-Abduljabbar, Riyadh 2012, s. 59–130.

Robin Ch.J., Marib et Makka: deux pèlerinages de l’Arabie préislamique qui se tenaient à la veille de l’équinoxe de printemps, GA 12, 2017, s. 661–673 [= 13th Internat. Congress on Graeco-Oriental and African Studies, Proceedings, Athens 2018].

Robin Ch.J., Nagrān vers l’époque du massacre: notes sur l’histoire politique, économique et institutionnelle et sur l’introduction du christianisme (avec un réexamen du Martyre d’Azqir), [in:] Juifs et chrétiens en Arabie aux Ve et VIe siècles. Regards croisés sur les sources, eds. J. Beaucamp, F. Briquel-Chatonnet, Ch. Robin, Paris 2010, s. 39–106.

Robin Ch.J., Premières mentions de dhū -Raydān (vers la fin du Ier s. av. è. chr.), Ray 8, 2013, s. 119–134 (en collaboration avec M. Arbach), publication électronique, https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00843612/document

Robin Ch.J., Qāni’ et le Ḥaḍramawt à la lumiere des inscriptions sud-arabiques, [in] Qāni’. Le port antique du Ḥaḍramawt entre la Méditerranée, l’Afrique et l’Inde. Fouilles russes 1972, 1985–89, 1991, 1993–94 (Indicopleustoi. Archaeologies of the Indian Ocean, 6, Preliminary Reports of the Russian Archaeological Mission to the Republic of Yemen, IV), eds. J.-F. Salles, A. Sedov, Turnhout 2010, s. 403–418.

Robin Ch.J., Quel Judaïsme en Arabie ?, [in:] Le judaïsme de l’Arabie antique, Actes du colloque de Jérusalem (février 2006), ed. Ch.J. Robin, Turnhout 2015, s. 15–295.

Robin Ch.J., Sabaʾ and the Sabaeans, [in:] Queen of Sheba, Treasures from Ancient Yemen, ed. St.J. Simpson, London 2002, s. 51–58.

Robin Ch.J., Sabaʾ et la Khawlān du Nord (Khawlān Gudādān) : l’organisation et la gestion des conquêtes par les royaumes d’Arabie méridionale, [in:] Arabian and Islamic Studies in honour of Mikhail Borishovich (sic) Potrovskij, ed. A.V. Sedov, Moskva 2014, s. 156–203.

Robin Ch.J., South Arabia, Religions in Pre-Islamic, [in:] Encyclopaedia of the Qur’ān, t. V, ed. J.D. McAuliffe, Leiden–Boston 2006.

Robin Ch.J., The Peoples beyond the Arabian Frontier in Late Antiquity: Recent Epigraphic Discoveries and Latest Advances, [in:] Inside and Out. Interactions between Rome and the Peoples on the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers in Late Antiquity, eds. J.H.F. Dijkstra, G. Fisher, Leuven-Paris-Walpole, Ma 2014, s. 33–82.

Robin Ch.J., al-Ghabban A.I., al-Said S.F., Inscriptions antiques de la région de Najrān (Arabie Séoudite méridionale): Nouveaux jalons pour l’histoire de l’écriture, de la langue et du calendrier Arabes, CRAI 158.3, 2014, s. 1033–1128.

Robin Ch.J., Prioletta A., Nouveaux arguments en faveur d’une identifiation de la cité de Gerrha avec le royaume de Hagar (Arabie orientale), S&C 6, 2013, s. 131–185.

Robin Ch.J., Rijziger S., The Owner of the Sky, God of Israel” in a new Jewish Himyaritic inscription dating from the fifth century CE, Isl 95.2, 2018, s. 271–290.

Robin Ch.J., Ṭayrān S., Soixante-dix ans avant l’Islam, l’Arabie toute entière dominée par un roi chrétien, CRAI 156.1, 2012, s. 525–553.

Robinson C., The conquest of Khūzistān: a historiographical reassessment, BSOAS 67, 2004, s. 14–39.

Robinson C., The first Islamic empire, [in:] The Roman Empire in Context. Historical and Comparative Perspectives, J.P. Arnason, K.A. Raaflub, Oxford 2011, s. 229–248.

Robinson Ch.F., Tribes and Nomads in Early Islamic Northern Mesopotamia, [in:] Continuity and Change in Northern Mesopotamia from the Hellenistic to the Early Islamic Period, éds K. Bartl, S.R. Hauser, Berlin 1996, s. 429–452.

Roggema B., The Legend of Sergius Baḥīrā. Eastern Christian Apologetics and Apocalyptic in Response to Islam, Leiden 2008.

Rohmer J. et al., Report on the Fifth Season (2014) of the Madâ’in Sâlih Archaeological Project, 2014, s. 17–75, https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01122002

Rohrbacher D., The Historians of Late Antiquity, London 2002.

Roller D.W., Summaries and Commentaries, [in:] Eratostenes’ Geography, Fragments collected and translated, with commentary and additional material, ed. D.W. Roller, Princeton–Oxford 2010, s. 1–40.

Roller D.W., The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene, Royal scholarship on Rome’s African frontier, New York–London 2003.

Ross S.K., Roman Edessa. Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringes of the Roman Empire, 114–242 CE, London 2001.

Rostovtzeff M., Caravan cities: Petra, Jerash, Palmyra, Dura, New York 1932.

Rostovtzeff M., Hadad and Atargatis at Palmyre, AJA 37, 1933, s. 58–63.

Rostovtzeff M., The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, Oxford 1926 (= London 1957).

Rothstein G., Die Dynastie der Laẖmiden in al-Ḥîra, ein Versuch zur arabisch-persischen Geschichte zur Zeit der Sassaniden, Berlin 1899.

Rousseau P., Ascetics, Authority, and the Church in the Age of Jerome and Cassian, Paris 2010.

Routes d’Arabie. Archéologie et histoire du royaume d’Arabie Saoudite, ed. A.I. al-Ghabban, Paris 2010.

Rubin B., Christianity in Byzantine Palestine, JC 3, 1983, s. 97–113.

Rubin B., Das Zeitalter Justinians, t. I, Berlin 1960.

Rubin Z., Byzantium and Southern Arabia, [in:] The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire. Proceedings of a Colloquium held at Ankara in September 1988, eds. D.H. French, C.S. Lightfoot, Oxford 1989, s. 383–420.

Rubin Z., Diplomacy and War in the Relations between Byzantium and the Sassanids in the Fifth Century, [in:] The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East, eds. P. Freeman, D. Kennedy, Oxford 1986.

Rubin Z., Porphyrius of Gaza and the conflict between Christianity and paganism in the Holy Land during the Byzantine period, [in:] Sharing the sacred: religious contacts and conflicts in the Holy Land, eds. A. Kofsky, G. G. Stroumsa, Jerusalem 1998, s. 31–66.

Rukuni R., Religious statecraft. Narraties of persecution and diplomacy in the case of Byzantium, Aksum and Himyar, HTS.TS 77.4, 2021, s. 1–13.

Rusnak R., Męczeństwo siedmiu braci machabejskich i ich matki wobec chrześcijańskiej tradycji hagiograficznej, TiK 6 (11), 2016, s. 91–125.

Rutten K., The Roman fire wares of ed-Dur (Umm al-Qaiwain, U.A.E.) and their distribution in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean, ArAE 18.1, 2007, s. 8–24.

Ryckmans G., Graffites sabéens relevés en Arabie Sa’udite, RSO 32, 1957, s. 557–563.

Ryckmans G., Inscriptions Sud-Arabes (deuxième serie), Mu 66, 1953, s. 307–310.

Ryckmans G., La persécution des chrétiens himyarites au VI’ siècle, Istanbul 1956.

Ryckmans G., Les inscriptions monothéistes sabéennes, [in:] Miscellanea historica in honorent Alberti de Meyer, Louvain–Brussels 1946, s. 194–205.

Ryckmans G., Les religions Arabes préislamiques, 2nd ed. Louvain 1951.

Ryckmans G., Notes épigraphiques. Quatrième série, Mu 60, 1947, s. 149–170.

Ryckmans G., Une inscription chrétienne Sabéene aux Musées d’Antiquités d’Istanbul, Mu 59, 1946, s. 165–172.

Ryckmans J., Inscriptions historiques sabéennes de l’Arabie centrale, Mu 66, 1953, s. 319–342.

Ryckmans J., La persécution des chrétiens Himyarites au sixième siècle, Istanbul 1956.

Ryckmans J., Le christianisme en Arabie du Sud préislamique, [in:] L’Oriente cristiano nella storia della civiltà, Rome 1964, s. 413–454.

Ryckmans J., Les religions arabes préislamiques, Paris 1968.

Ryckmans J., Petits royaumes sud-arabes d’après les auteurs classiques, Mu 70, 1957, s. 75–96.

Ryckmans J., Rites du paganisme de l’Arabie méridionale avant l ‘islam, BCLSMP ”, 4.1/6, 1993, s. 125–142.

S’Al-Nahee O.A., The Religious Structure of Najrān in Late Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic History: from the End of the Ḥimyarite Kingdom Until the end of the Rashidun Caliphate (525–661 CE), PhD Birmingham 2017, https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/7931/

Sacks K.S., Diodorus Siculus and the First Century, Princeton 1990.

Sailor D., Writing and Empire in Tacitus, Cambridge 2008.

Salles J.-F., Sedov A., Place of Qāni’ in the Rome-Indian sea-trade of the 1 st-6thcenturies A.D., [in:] Qāni’. Le port antique du Ḥaḍramawt entre la Méditerranée, l’Afrique et l’Inde. Fouilles russes 1972, 1985–89, 1991, 1993–94 (Indicopleustoi. Archaeologies of the Indian Ocean, 6, Preliminary Reports of the Russian Archaeological Mission to the Republic of Yemen, IV), eds. J.-F. Salles, A. Sedov, Turnhout 2010, s. 453–466.

Sallmann K.G., Die Geographie des älteren Plinius und ihrem Verhältnis zu Varro: Versuch einer Quellenanalyse, Berlin 1971.

Salvesen A., Jacob Of Edessa’s Life and Work:A Biographic Sketch, [in:] Jacob of Edessa and the Syriac Culture of His Day, ed. B. ter Haar Romeny, Leiden–Boston 2008, s. 1–24.

Salzman P., Tribal chiefs as middlemen, the politics of encapsulation in the Middle East, AntQ 47.2, 1974, s. 203–210.

Sánchez Sanz A., Consideraciones sobre la expedición romana de Elio Galo a la Arabia Félix. 24 A.C., Non 14, 2014, s. 22–31.

Sanlaville P., Le cadre géographique, [in:] Routes d’Arabie. Archéologie et histoire du royaume d’Arabie Saoudite, ed. A.I. al-Ghabban, Paris 2010, s. 54–69.

Sanlaville P., Suire J., A new map of Qani (Yemen), ArAE 19.2, 2008, s. 198–209.

Sarantis A., Fortifications in the East: A bibliographic Essay, [in:] War and Warfare in Late Antiquity, eds. A. Sarantis, N. Christie, Leiden 2013, s. 317–372.

Sarasin A., Der Handel zwischen Indien und Rom zur Zeit der römischen Kaiser, Basel 1930.

Sarris P., Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500–700, Oxford 2011.

Sarris P., The Justinianic plague, origins and effects, CCha 2, 2002, s. 169–182.

Sartre M., Arabie, Arabies, DosAr, 309, 2005.12/2006.1, s. 2–7.

Sartre M., Bostra, [in:] idem, L’historien et ses territoires. Choix d’articles, Bordeaux 2014, s. 449–478.

Sartre M., Brigands, colons et pouvoirs en Syrie du Sud au Ier siècle de notre ère, AnaTA 13, 2011, Varia, s. 1–35, http://journals.openedition.org/anabases/1889 [=Idem, L’historien et ses territoires. Choix d’articles, Bordeaux 2014, s. 217–247].

Sartre M., D’Alexandre à Zénobie. Histoire du Levant antique, IVe siècle avant J.-C.– IIIe siècle après J.-C., Paris 2001.

Sartre M., Deux phylarques arabes dans l’Arabie byzantine, Mu 106, 1993, s. 137–145 [= Idem, L’Historien et ses histoires, Choix d’articles, Bordeaux 2014, s. 71–77].

Sartre M., Les Arabes dans l’Antiquité, [in:] Idem, L’historien et ses territoires. Choix d’articles, Bordeaux 2014, s. 393–398.

Sartre M., Les Nomades dans l’empire romain, [in:] Le monde de l’itinérance en Méditerranée de l’antiquité à l’époque moderne. Procédures de contrôle et d’identification, eds. Cl. Moatti, W. Kaiser, Ch. Pébarthe, Table-rondes Madrid 2004 – Istanbul 2005, Paris–Bordeaux 2009, s. 51–91.

Sartre M., Rome et les Nabatéens à la fin de la République (65–30 a.C.), [in:] idem, L’historien et ses territoires. Choix d’articles, Bordeaux 2014, s. 351–368.

Sartre M., The Arabs and the desert peoples, [in:] The Cambridge Ancient History, 2 ed., t. XII, The Crisis of Empire, a.d. 193–337, eds. A.K. Bowman, P. Garnsey, Av. Cameron, Cambridge 2008, s. 498–520.

Sartre M., The Middle East Under Rome, transl. C. Porter, E. Rawlings, Cambridge, MA. 2005.

Sartre M., Trois études sur l’Arabie romaine et byzantine, Brussels 1982.

Sartre M., Un heros de l’Histoire Auguste Odeinath de Palmyre, [in:] idem, L’historien et ses territoires. Choix d’articles, Bordeaux 2014, s. 321–330.

Sartre M., Wschód rzymski. Prowincje i społeczeństwa prowincjonalne we wschodniej części basenu Morza Śródziemnego w okresie od Augusta do Sewerów (31 r. p.n.e.-235 r. n.e.), przeł. S. Rościcki, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków 1997.

Sartre-Furiat A., Georges, Serge, Elie et quelques autres saints connus et inédits de la province d’Arabie, [in:] Romanité et cité chrétienne. Permanences et mutations, intégration et exclusion du Ier au VIe siècle. Mélanges en l’honneur d’Yvette Duval, Paris 2000, s. 295–314.

Sauvaget J., Les Ghassanides et Sergiopolis, B 14, 1939, s. 115–130.

Savvides A.G.C., Some Notes on the Term Agarenoī, Ismaelītai and Sarakenoī in Byzantine Sources, B 67, 1997, s. 89–96.

Sawyer F.A., Clines D.J.A., Midian, Moab and Edom: the history and archaeology of late bronze and iron age Jordan and north- west Arabia, Londres 1983.

Scharrer U., The Problem of Nomadic Allies in the Roman East, [in:] Kingdoms and Principalities in the Roman Near East, ed. T. Kaiser, M. Fecella, Stuttgart 2010, s. 241–335.

Scheck F.R., Szlak mirry i kadzidła, tłum. J. Danecki, Warszawa 1988.

Schick R., Jordan on the Eve of the Muslim Conquest A.D. 602–634, [in:] La Syrie de Byzance a l’islam VIIe–VIIIe siècles. Actes du Colloque international Lyon – Maison de l’Orient Méditerranéen, Paris – Institut du Monde Arabe. 11–15 Septembre 1990, eds. P. Canivet, J.-P. Rey-Coquais, Damas 1992, s. 107–119.

Schiettecatte J., D’Aden a Zafar. Villes d’Arabie du sud préislamique, Paris 2011.

Schiettecatte J., L’Arabie du Sud et la mer du IIIe siècle av. au VIe siècle ap. J.-C., [in:] Autour du Périple de la mer Érythrée, eds. M.-F. Boussac, J.-F. Salles, J.-B. Yon, Lyon 2012, s. 237–273.

Schiettecatte J., Urbanization and Settlement Pattern in Ancient Hadramawt (1st Mill. BC), BAKU 28, 2007, s. 11–28.

Schiettecatte J., Villes et urbanisation de l’Arabie du Sud `a l’époque préislamique: formation, fonctions et territorialités urbaines dans la dynamique de peuplement régionale, Paris 2006, https://tel.archives- ouvertes.fr/tel- 00120900

Schiettecatte J., Arbach M., The Political Map of Arabia and the Middle East in the Third Century Revealed by a Sabaean inscription, ArAE 27.2, 2016, s. 176–196.

Schlumberger D., Les fouilles de Qasr ei-Heir el Gharbi, Sy 20, 1939, s. 195–238, 324–373.

Schlumberger D., Qasr el-Heir el-Gharbi, Paris 1986.

Schmid S.G., Nabataean Fine Ware Pottery and the Destructions of Petra in the Late First and Early Second Century AD., SHAJ 6, 1997, s. 413–420.

Schmid S.G., The Nabataean: Travellers between Lifestyles, [in:] The Archaeology of Jordan, eds. B. MacDonald, R. Adams, P. Bienkowski, Sheffield 2001, s. 367–426.

Schmidt A., The Armenian Versions I and II of Michael the Syrian, Hug 16.1, s. 93–128.

Schmitt O., Mavia, die Königin der Sarazenen, [in:] Nomaden und Sesshafte – Fragen, Methoden, ed. Th. Herzog, W. Holzwarth, t. I, Halle 2003, s. 163–179.

Schmitt O., Rome and the bedouins of the Near East from 70 BC to 630 AD, 700 years of confrontation and coexistence, [in:] Shifts and Drifts in Nomad-Sedentary Relations, eds. S. Leder, B. Streck, Wiesbaden 2005, s. 271–288.

Schreckenberg H., Bibliographie zu Flavius Josephus, Leiden 1968.

Schreiner P., Die Byzantinisierung der bulgarischen Kultur, [in:] Kulturelle Tradizionen Bericht über das Kolloquium der Südosteuropa-Kommision, 16–18 Juni 1987, Götingen 1989, s. 47–60.

Schuol M., Die Charakene: ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistisch-parthischer Zeit, Stuttgart 2000.

Schwartz E., Appianus 2, [in:] RE, II,1, Stuttgart 1895, s. 216–237.

Schwartz E., Cassius 40, [in:] RE III,2, Stuttgart 1899, s. 1684–1722.

Schwartz E., Chronicon Paschale, [in:] RE, Bd III.2, Stuttgart 1899, s. 2460–2477 [=Idem, Griechische Geschichtsschreiber, Leipzig 1957, s. 291–316].

Schwartz E., Eusebios von Caesarea, [in:] RE Bd VI.1, 1907, kol. 1370–1439.

Schwartz J., L’empire romain, l’Égypte, et le commerce oriental, Annales ESC 15, 1960, s. 18–44.

Science in the Early Roman Empire: Pliny the Elder, His Sources and Influence, eds. R. French, F. Greenaway, London 1986.

Sedov A.V., Bâtâyiʿ A., Temples of ancient Hadramawt, PSAS 24, 1994, s. 183–196.

Sedov A.V., The Temple of Syn d-Myfʿn (Wadi Dauʿan, Inner Hadramaut), AC 1/2, 1994, s. 249–260.

Segal J.B., Arabs in Syriac literature before the rise of Islam JSAI 4, 1984, s. 89–124.

Segal J.B., Edessa ‘The Blessed City’, Oxford 1970.

Selem A., Ammiano e la morte di Giuliano (25.3.3-11), RIL.CLSM 107, 1979, s. 1119–1135.

Serjeant R.S., Ukhdūd, BSOAS 22, 1959, s. 572–573.

Seventh Century in the West Syrian Chronicles, The, trans. and introd. A. Palmer, S. Brock, R. Hoyland, Liverpool 1993.

Seyrig H., Antiquités syriennes, “ Sy 34.3/4, 1957, s. 249–261.

Seyrig H., Bêl de Palmyre, Sy 48.1-2, 1971, s. 85–114 [= H. Seyrig, Fr. Villeneuve, E. Will, Antiquités syriennes VII, Beyrouth 2013, s. 66–95].

Seyrig H., Le culte du Soleil en Syrie à l’époque romaine, Sy 48.3/4, 1971, s. 337–373 [=H. Seyrig, Fr. Villeneuve, E. Will, Antiquités syriennes VII, Beyrouth 2013, s. 102–138].

Seyrig H., Amy R., Will E., Le temple de Bel à Palmyre, Paris 1975.

Shahîd I., al-Ḥīra, [in:] EI3, t. III, Leiden–London 1986, s. 462–463.

Shahîd I., Arab Christianity Before the Rise of Islam, [in:] Christianity: A History in the Middle East, ed. H. Badr, Beirut 2005, s. 435–451.

Shahîd I., Arethas, Son of Jabala”, JAOS, 75.4, 1955, s. 205–216.

Shahîd I., Byzantino-Arabica: The Conference of Ramla, A.D. 524, JNES 23.2, 1964, s. 115–131.

Shahîd I., Byzantium and Kinda, BZ 53.1, 1960, s. 57–73.

Shahîd I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century, Dumbarton Oaks–Washington 1989.

Shahîd I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century, Dumbarton Oaks–Washington 1984.

Shahîd I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, t. I, p. 1, Political and Military History, p. 2, Economic, Social and Cultural History, Washington DC. 1995.

Shahîd I., Byzantium in South Arabia, DOP 33, 1979, s. 23–94.

Shahîd I., Ghassān post Ghassān, [in:] The Islamic World. From Classical to Modern Times. Essays in Honor of Bernard Lewis, eds. C. Bosworth, C. Issawi, R. Savory, A.L. Udovitch, Princeton, NJ. 1989, s. 323–336.

Shahîd I., Ghassan, [in:] EI3, t. II, s. 1020–1021.

Shahîd I., Ghassānid and Umayyad Structures: A Case of Byzance après Byzance, [in:] La Syrie de Byzance a l’Islam, VIIe-VIIIe siècles: Actes du colloque international Lyon – Maison de l‘Orient méditerranéen, ed. P. Canivet, J.-P. Rey-Coquais, Paris – Institut du monde arabe,11–15 Septembre 1990, Damascus 1992, s. 209–307.

Shahîd I., Kinda, [in:] EI3, t. V, Leiden–London 1986, s. 118–119.

Shahîd I., Lakhmids, [in:] EI3, t. V, Leiden–London 1986, s. 632–634.

Shahîd I., On the Patriciate of Imru’-al-Qays, [in:] The World of Islam. Studies w Honor of Ph. K. Hitti, eds. J. Kritzeck, B. Windor, London 1959, s. 74–82.

Shahîd I., Procopius and Arethas, BZ 50, 1957, s. 39–72 362–382.

Shahîd I., Rome and the Arabs: A prolegomenon to the study of Byzantium and the Arabs, Dumbarton Oaks–Washington 1984.

Shahîd I., Sigillography in the service of history, new light, [in:] Novum Millennium. Studies on Byzantine History and Culture Dedicated to Paul Speck, 19 December, 1999, eds. C. Sode, S.Takács, Aldershot 2001, s. 369–378.

Shahîd I., The Ethnic Origin of the Edomites, SHAJ 10, 2009, s. 133–136.

Shahîd I., The Etymology of Ḥīra, [in:] Linguistic Studies in Memory of Richard Slade Harrell, ed. D.G. Stuart, Washington1967, s. 163–173.

Shahîd I., The Martyrdom of Early Arab Christians: Sixth Century Najran, [in:] The First One Hundred Years: A Centennial Anthology Celebrating Antiochian Orthodoxy in North America, ed. G.S. Corey Englewood, 1995, s. 169–188.

Shahîd I., The Martyrs of Najran. New Documents, Bruxelles 1971.

Shahîd I., The Restoration of the Ghassanid Dynasty, AD 587: Dionisius of Tell-Mahre, ARAM 5, 1993, s. 491–503.

Shaw B., ‘Eaters of Flesh, Drinkers of Milk’: The Ancient Mediterranean Ideology of the Pastoral Nomad, AS 13/14, 1982/1983, s. 5–31.

Shayegan M.R., Arsacids and Sasanians. Political Ideology in Post-Hellenic and Late Antique Persia, Cambridge 2011.

Shayegan M.R., Sasanian political ideology, [in:] Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran, ed. Potts, Oxford 2013, s. 805–813.

Shifts and Drifts in Nomad-Sedentary Relations, eds. S. Leder, B. Streck, Wiesbaden 2005.

Shuaib M.G., The Arabs of North Arabia in later Pre-Islamic Times: Qedar, Nebaioth, and Others, Manchester 2014, https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/54555835/FULL_TEXT.PDF

Sidebotham S.E., Aelius Gallus and Arabia, L 45.3, 1986, s. 590–602.

Sidebotham S.E., Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route, Berkeley–Los Angeles–London 2011.

Sidebotham S.E., Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia- India Trade, [in:] L’Arabie Preislamique et son environnement historique et culturel, Acts du Colloque de Starbourg 24–27 Juin 1987, ed. T. Fahd, Manchester 1989, s. 195–223.

Sidebotham S.E., Roman Economic Policy in the Erythra Thalassa, 30 B.C.–A.D. 217, Leiden 1986.

Sidebotham S.E., Sidebotham S., Late Roman Berenike, JARCE 39, 2002, s. 217–240.

Simon R., Aelius Gallus’ Campaign and the Arab Trade in the Augustan Age, AO.ASH 55.4, 2002, s. 309–318.

Simpson S.J. Sasanian cities, archaeological perspectives on the urban economy and built environment of an empire, [in:] Sasanian Persia. Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia, ed. Sauer, Edinburg 2017, s. 21–50.

Simpson S.J., Christians on Iraq’s desert frontier, Ra 39, 2018, s. 1–30.

Sipilä J., The Reorganization of Provincial Territories in Light of the Imperial Decision-Making Process. Later Roman Arabia and Tres Palaestinae as Case Studies, Helsinki 2009.

Sirago V.A., Roma e la via oceanica per l’India, [in:] L’Africa Romana. Atti del XIII convegno di studio Djerba, 10–13 dicembre 1998, a cura di M. Khanoussi, P. Ruggeri, C. Vismara, t. I, Roma 2000, s. 237–248.

Sizgorich T., ‘Become infidels or we will throw you into the fire’, the martyrs of Najran in early Muslim historiography, hagiography, and Quranic exegesis, [in:] Writing ‘True Stories’, Historians and Hagiographers in the Late Antique and Medieval Near East, eds. A. Papaconstantinou, M. Debié, H. Kennedy, Turnhout 2010, s. 125–147.

Smallwood M.M., Documents Illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian, Cambridge 1966.

Smith A., Roman Palmyra, Identity, Community and State Formation, Oxford 2013, s. 33–55.

Smith S., Events in Arabia in the 6th Century AD, BSOAS 16.3,1954, s. 425–468.

Solieman M., G.Cornelius Gallus, Praefectus Aegypti, and Aethiopia: a self propagandist, JAH 17, 2014, s. 1–27.

Solzbacher R., Mönche, Pilger und Sarazenen. Studien zum Frühchristentum auf der südlichen Sinaihalbinsel. Von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn islamischer Herrschaft, Altenberge 1989.

Sommer M., Hatra, Geschichte und Kultur einer Karawanenstadt im römischparthischen, Mainz 2003.

Sommer M., In the twilight. Hatra between Rome and Iran, [in:] Hatra. Politics, Culture And Religion Between Parthia And Rome, ed. L. Dirven, Stuttgart 2013, s. 33–45.

Sommer M., Palmyra and Hatra: ‘Civic’ and ‘Tribal’ Institutions, [in:] Cultural Borrowings and Ethnic Appropriations in Antiquity, ed. E.S. Gruen, Stuttgart 2005, s. 285–296.

Sommer M., The Desert and the Sown, Imperial Supremacy and Local Culture in Partho-Roman Mesopotamia, Par 6, 2004, s. 235–246.

Sophocles E. A., Greek Lexicon of the Roman anl Byzantine periods, New York 1900.

Soulogiannis E., Σαρακηνοί και Χριστιανισμός, Пα 15.2, 1973, s. 293–298.

Sourdel D., Les cultes du Hauran à l’époque romaine, Paris 1953, s. 53–68.

Southern P., Dixon K.R., The Late Roman Army, London–New York 2014.

Southern P., The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine, London–New York 2001.

Spanner H., Guyer S., Rusafa die Wallfahrtsstadt des Heiligen Sergios, Berlin 1926.

Spaul J., Ala 2. The Auxiliary Cavalry Units of the Pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army, Andover 1994.

Speck P., Das geteilte Dossier. Beobachtungen zu den Nachrichten über die Regierung des Kaisers Herakleios und die seiner Söhne bei Theophanes und Nikephoros, Bonn 1988.

Speidel M., A Tile Stamp of Cohors I Thracum Milliaria From Hebron/Palestine, ZPE 35, 1979, s. 170–172.

Speidel M., Roman Army in Arabia, [in:] ANRW, Teill II, Prinzipat, Bd. 8, Politische Geschichte Provinzen und Randvölker: Syrien, Palästina, Arabien, eds. H. Temporini, W. Haase, Berlin 1977, s. 687–730.

Spoerri W., Späthellenistische Berichte über Welt, Kultur und Gotter, Basel 1959.

Stadter P.A., Arrian of Nicomedia, Chapel Hill 1980.

Starcky J., Allath, Athène et la déesse syrienne, [in:] Mythologie gréco-romaine, mythologies périphériques. Colloque du CNRS, Paris 1981, s. 119–130.

Starcky J., Gawlikowski M., Palmyre, Paris 1985.

Starowieyski M., Apokryficzna korespondencja króla Abgara z Chrystusem: wstęp, przekład z greckiego, komentarz, STV 15.2, 1977, s. 177–200.

Starowieyski M., Jakub z Edessy, [in:] Słownik wczesnochrześcijańskiego piśmiennictwa Wschodu, Warszawa 1999, kol. 106–108.

Starowieyski M., Słownik wczesnochrześcijańskiego piśmiennictwa Wschodu, Warszawa 1999.

Statesman in Plutarch’s Works, The, ed. L. de Blois et al., vol. I, Plutarch’s Statesman and his Aftermath: Political, Philosophical, and Literary Aspects, Leiden 2004, t. II, The Statesman in Plutarch’s Greek and Roman Lives, Leiden 2005.

Staubli Th., Das Image der Nomaden im Alten Israel und in der Ikonographie seiner sesshaften Nachbarn, Freiburg 1991.

Stein E., Studien zur Geschichte des byzantinischen Reiches vornehmlich unter den KaisernJustinus II u, Tiberius Constantinus, Stuttgart 1919.

Stewart D., Reflections on the state of the art in western Quranic studies, [in:] Islam and Its Past. Jahiliyya, Late Antiquity, and the Quran, eds. C. Bakhos, M. Cook, Oxford 2017, s. 4–68.

Stiehle R., Der Geograph Artemidoros von Ephesos, Phi 11, 1856, s. 193–244.

Stoneman R., Palmyra and its Empire. Zenobia’s Revolt against Rome, Ann Arbor 1992.

Strube C., Excavations and survey at el Anderin/Androna, Syria: The work of the German team, [in:] XXe Congrès International des Etudes Byzantines XXe Congrès international des Études byzantines. Préactes, t. 3, Communication libre, Paris 2001.

Studies in John Malalas. Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, ed. E. Jeffreys, Sydney 1990.

Studies in Theophanes, eds. M. Jankowiak, F. Montinaro, Paris 2015.

Susemihl F., Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur in der Alexandrinerzeit, Bd.I, Leipzig 1891.

Świat rzymski w IV wieku, red. P. Filipczak, R. Kosiński, Kraków 2015.

Świat rzymski w V wieku, red. R. Kosiński, K. Twardowska, Kraków 2010.

Syme R., Consulates in Absence, JRS 48.1/2, 1958, s. 1–9.

Syme R., Pliny the Procurator, HSCP 73, 1969, s. 201–236.

Syme R., Tacitus, vol. I-II, Oxford 1958.

Syme R., The Career of Arrian, HSCP 86, 1982, s. 171–211.

Syme R., The Date of Justin and the Discovery of Trogus, Hi 37.3, 1988, s. 358–371.

Syme R., The Roman Revolution, Oxford 1939.

Syvänne I., The Military History of Late Rome ad 518–565, Yorkshire–Philadelphia 2021.

Szilágyi K., Muhammad and the Monk: The Making of the Christian Baḥīrā Legend, JSAI 34, 2008, s. 169–214.

Szubert B., Starożytna Arabia w świetle źródeł greckich, Część I: epoka archaiczna, klasyczna i hellenistyczna, Wrocław 2020.

Szuchman J., Integrating approaches to nomads, tribes, and the state in the ancient Near East, [in:] Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East. Cross Disciplinary Perspectives, ed. J. Szuchman, Chicago 2008, s. 1–14.

Talbot Rice D., The Oxford Excavations at Hira, AI 1.1, 1934, s. 51–73.

Talib A., Topoi and topography in the histories of al-Hira, [in:] History and Identity in the Late Antique Near East, ed. P. Wood, Oxford 2013, s. 123–147.

Tapper R., Anthropologists, historians, and tribes people on tribe and state formation in the Middle East, [in:] Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, eds. P.S. Khoury, Kostiner J., Berkeley 1990, s. 48–73.

Tardieu M., L’arrivée des Manichéens à al-Ḥīra, [in:] La Syrie de Byzance à l’Islam, VIIe-VIIIe siècles, eds. P. Canivet, J.-P. Tardieu, Rey-Coquais, Damascus 1992, s. 15–24.

Tarn W.W., Ptolemy II and Arabia, JEA 15, 1929, s. 9–25.

Taylor J.E., Christians and holy places: the myth of Jewish-Christian origins, Oxford 1993.

Teixidor J., The Pagan God. Popular Religion in the Greco-Roman Near East, Princeton 1977.

Teixidor J., The Pantheon of Palmyra, Leiden 1979.

Teixidor J., Un port romain du désert. Palmyre et son commerce d’Auguste à Caracalla, Paris 1984.

Teule H.G.B., Syriac Historiography, [in:] Sources syriaques. Nos sources. Arts et litterature syriaques, Lebanon 2005, s. 324–343.

Teule H.G.B., The Chronicle of Khuzistan, [in:] Christian–Muslim Relations, 600–1500. A Bibliographical History, vol. 1 (600–900), ed. D. Thomas, Leiden–Boston 2009, s. 130–132.

Texts and Transmission, A Survey of the Latin Classics, ed. L.D. Reynolds, Oxford 1983.

Thackeray H. St. J., Josephus, the Man and the Historian, New York 1929.

The Ancient Languages of SyriaPalestine and Arabia, ed. R.D. Woodard, Cambridge 2008.

The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, ed. S.F. Johnson, Oxford 2012.

Thesaurus syriacus, eds. S.M. Quatremere, G.H. Bernstein, R. Payne Smith, t. I, Oxonii 1879.

Thomas M., The Conversions of Adiabene and Edessa in Syriac Christianity and Judaism: The Relations of Jews and Christians in Northern Mesopotamia in Antiquity, CTJ 7.1, 2020, s. 10–33.

Thomas R., Stallibrass S., For starters: producing and supplying food to the army in the Roman north-west provinces, [in:] Feeding the Roman Army the Archaeology of Production and Supply in NW Europe, eds. S. Stallibrass, R. Thomas, Oxford 2008, s. 1–17.

Thomas S.Th., Conflict and Reconciliation in the First Chosen Family: A Study on Genesis 12–50, PhD Vienna 2016.

Thompson E., The Historical Work of Ammianus Marcellinus, Cambridge 1947.

Tomber R., Indo-Roman Trade. From Pots to Pepper, London 2008.

Toral-Niehoff I., Al-Hira. Eine arabische Kulturmetropole im spätantiken Kontext, Leiden 2013.

Toral-Niehoff I., Imperial contests and the Arabs: the world of late antiquity on the eve of Islam, [in:] The Wiley Blackwell History of Islam, eds. A. Salvatore et al., London 2018, s. 59–76.

Toral-Niehoff I., Late Antique Iran and the Arabs: The Case of al-Hira, JPerS 6, 2013, s. 115–126.

Toral-Niehoff I., The ʿIbād of al-Ḥīra, an Arab Christian community in Late Antique Iraq, [in:] The Quran in Context, Historical and Literary Investigations into the Quranic Milieu, eds. A. Neuwirth, N. Sinai, M. Marx, Leiden 2010, s. 323–347.

Transformation of Nomadic Society in the Arab East, The, Cambridge 2000.

Treadgold W., The Early Byzantine Historians, London 2010.

Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, eds. P.S. Khoury, J. Kostiner, Berkeley 1990.

Trimingham J.S., Christianity among the Arabs in Pre-Islamic Times, London 1979.

Trimingham J.S., Māwiyya: The first Christian Arab queen, NESTTR 1.1, 1978, s. 3–10.

Trombley F.R., From Kastron to Qaṣr: Nessana between Byzantium and the Umayyad Caliphate ca. 602–689. Demographic and Microeconomic Aspects of Palaestina III in Interregional Perspectiv, [in:] Le Levant: Carrefour de l’Antiquité tardive Histoire, religion et archéologie, eds. E. Bradshaw Aitken, J.M. Fossey, Leiden–Boston 2014, s. 181–224.

Trombley F.R., Hellenic Religion and Christianization, c. 370–529, t. I–II, Leiden1993.

Trombley F.R., War and society in rural Syria c. 502–613 A.D.: observations on the epigraphy, BMGS 21, 1997, s. 154–209.

Trombley F., Watt J.W., Introduction, [in:] The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, transl. and introd. F. Trombley, J.W. Watt. Liverpool 2000, s. xi–lii.

Tsafir Y., The Transfer of the Negev, Sinai and Southern Transjordan from Arabia to Palestina, IEJ 36.1/2, 1986, s. 77–86.

Tsevat M., Hagar and the Birth of Ishmael, [in:] idem, The Meaning of the Book of Job and Other Biblical Studies: Essays on the Literature and Religion of the Hebrew Bible, New York 1980, s. 53–76.

Tubach J., Im Schatten des Sonnengottes. Der Sonnenkult w Edessa, Harriin und Hatrii am Vorabend der christlichen Mission, Wiesbaden 1986.

Turek P., Al-Ḥāriṯ ibn Ǧabala, πατρίκιος καὶ φύλαρχος τῶν Σαρακηνῶν, a bitwa pod Qennešrīn w świetle źródeł średniowiecznych, [in:] Rzymianie i barbarzyńcy. Religia – polityka – kultura, red. T. Wolińska, M. Ożóg, K. Kollinger, Rzeszów 2019, s. 73–95.

Tycner-Wolicka M., Opowieść o wizerunku z Edessy. Cesarz Konstantyn Porfirogeneta i nieuczyniony ręką wizerunek Chrystusa, Kraków 2009.

Uhlig S., Eine trilinguale ʿEzana-Inschrift, Aeth 4, 2001, s. 7–31, online https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/488/491

Ullendorf E., Note on the Introduction of Christianity into Ethiopia, Af 19, 1949, s. 61–62.

Ulrich B., Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire. Exploring al-Azd Tribal Identity, Edinburgh 2019.

Ulrich B., Oman and Bahrain in Late Antiquity, the Sasanians’ Arabian periphery, PSAS 41, 2011, s. 377–386.

Ulrich B., The Azd migrations reconsidered: narratives of ʿAmr Muzayqiya and Mālik b. Fahm in historiographic context, PSAS 38, 2008, s. 311–318.

Urbainczyk T., Observations on the diffrences between the church histories of Socrates and Sozomen, Hi 46, 1997, s. 355–373.

Urbainczyk T., Theodoret of Cyrrhus, The Bishop and the Holy Man, Ann Arbor MI 2002, s. 95–103.

Vailhè S., Notes de géographie ecclésiastique, EO 4, 1900, s. 11–15.

Van Beek G.W., Ancient Frankincense-Producing Areas, [in:] Archaeological Discoveries in South Arabia, eds. R. LeBaron Bowen, Jr.; F.P. Albright, Baltimore 1958, s. 139–142.

Van Beek G.W., Frankincense and Myrrh in Ancient South Arabia, JAOS 78, 1958, s. 141–152.

Van Beek G.W., Frankincense and Myrrh, BArch 23, 1960, s. 70–95.

Van Beek G.W., Cole G.H., Jamme A., An Archeological Reconnaisance in Hadramaut, South Arabia – A Premilinary Report, SIR 1963/1964, s. 521–545.

Van Berchem M., Strzygowski J., The Churches and Monasteries of the Tur Abdin, Heidelberg–Paris 1910.

Van Der Meulen D., Aden to the Hadramaut, London 1947.

Van Der Meulen D., Wissmann H. von, Ḥaḍramawt: some of its mysteries unveiled, Leiden 1932.

Van Ginkel J., A man is not an island. Reflections of the historiography of the early Syriac Renaissance in Michael the Great, [in:] The Syriac Renaissance, ed. H. Teule et al., Louvain 2010, s. 113–121.

Van Ginkel J., John of Ephesus. A Monophysite Historian in Sixth Century Byzantium, Unpublished D. Litt. Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen 1995.

Van Ginkel J., Making History: Michael the Syrian and his Sixth-Century Sources, OrChrAn 256, 1998, s. 351–358.

Van Ginkel J., Michael the Syrian and his Sources: Reflections on the Methodology of Michael the Great as a Historiographer and its Implications for Modern Historians, JCSSS 6, 2006, s. 53–60.

Van Rompay L., Society and community in the Christian east, [in:] The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. M. Maas, Cambridge 2005, s. 239–266.

Van Rompay L., The Martyrs of Najran. Some Remarks on the Nature of the Sources, OrLovA 13, 1984, s. 301–309 [= Orientalia antiqua. Studia Paulo Naster oblata, vol. II, eds. S. Scheers, J. Quaegebeur, Louvain 1982]

Vasiliev A.A., Notes on Some Episodes Concerning the Relations between the Arabs and the Byzantine Empire from the Fourth to the Sixth Century, DOP 9, 1956, s. 306–316.

Vattioni F., Le iscrizioni di Hatra, Napoli 1981 [= AnAIUON, Supplemento 28].

Venco Ricciardi R., Hatra: Presentazione del Sito, To 10, 2000, s. 87–110.

Veyne P., Palmyra, której już nie ma, przeł. P. Filipczak, Łódź 2021.

Villain-Berting J., Gandossi Ch., Rola i znaczenie stereotypów narodowych w stosunkach międzynarodowych: podejście interdyscyplinarne, [in:] Narody i stereotypy, tłum. J. Piątkowska, T. Walas, Kraków 1995, s. 13–27.

Villeneuve F., Hégra d’Arabie Heureuse, [in:] Routes d’Arabie. Archéologie et histoire du royaume d’Arabie Saoudite, ed. A.I. al-Ghabban, Paris 2010, s. 286–307.

Villeneuve F., The rampart and the south-eastern gate (Area 35). Survey and excavation seasons 2011 and 2014, [in:] Report on the Fifth Season (2014) of the Madain Salih Archaeological Project, eds. L. Nehmé, W. Abu-Azizeh, T. Banzou, C. Durand, J. Rohmer, Paris 2014, s. 17–75.

Villeneuve F., Phillips C., Facey W., Une inscription latine de l’archipel Farasān (sud de la Mer Rouge) et son contexte archéologique et historique, Ar 2, 2004, s. 143–190.

Vööbus A., Discovery of new important “memre” of Giwargi, the bishop of the Arabs, JSS 18. 2, 1973, s. 235–237.

Vries B. de, On the Way to Bosra: Arab Settlement in South Syria Before Islam – the Evidence from Written Sources, [in:] Hereux qui comme Ulisses a fait un beau voyage: Movements of People in Time and Space, ed. N. Naguib, B. de Vries, Bergen 2010, s. 69–92.

Vries B. de, Paradox of Power. Between Local and Imperial at Umm AI-Jimal, [in:] Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. Th.E. Levy, P.M. Michele Daviau, R.W. Younker, M. Shaer, London 2007, s. 467–472.

Wakeley J.M., The Two Falls of Rome in Late Antiquity, The Arabian Conquests in Comparative Perspective, Oxford 2018.

Walker J., A New Katabanian Coin from South Arabia, ErI 7, 1963, s. 127.

Walker J., From Nisibis to Xi’an, the church of the east in late antique Eurasia, [in:] The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity, ed. S.F. Johnson, Oxford 2012, s. 994–1052.

Walker J., The legacy of Mesopotamia in late antique Iraq, the Christian martyr shrine at Melqi (Neo-Assyrian Milqia), ARAM 18/19, 2006/2007, s. 483–508.

Walker J., The Legend of Mar Qardagh. Narrative and Christian Heroism in Late Antique Iraq, Berkeley 2006.

Walker J., The Moon-God Coins of the Hadramaut, BSOAS 1962, s. 623–626.

Wallace-Hadrill D.S., Eusebius of Caesarea, London 1960.

Ward W.D., Miracles, Conversion, and Raiding, [in:] Arabs and Empires Before Islam, ed. G. Fisher, Oxford 2015, s. 287–296.

Ward W.D., Mirage of the Saracen. Christians and Nomads in the Sinai Peninsula in Late Antiquity, Oakland 2015.

Ward-Perkins B., Specialisation, Trade, and Prosperity: An Overview of the Economy of the Late Antique Eastern Mediterranean, [in:] Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean During Late Antiquity, eds. S. Kingsley, M. Decker, Oxford 2001, s. 167–178.

Wasilewski M., Pedagogika Posejdoniosa z Apamei, KP 62 (1.243), 2017, s. 177–185.

Watt J.W., Greek historiography and the ‘Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite’, [in:] After Bardaisan Studies on Continuity and Change in Syriac Christianity in Honour of Professor Han, J.W. Drijvers, ed. A.C. Klugkist, G.J. Reinink, Leuven 1999, s. 317–327 [=Idem, Rhetoric and Philosophy from Greek into Syriac, Aldershot 2010, art.III].

Watt J.W., Two Syriac Writers from the Reign of Anastasius, Philoxenus of Mabbug and Joshua the Stylite, Ha 20, 2006, s. 275–293.

Webb P., Imagining the Arabs. Arab Identity and the Rise of Islam, Edinburgh 2016.

Webb P.A., Creating Arab origins: Muslim constructions of al-Jāhiliyya and Arab history, PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London 2014, http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18551

Weingarten S., The Saint’s Saints Hagiography and Geography in Jerome, Leiden-Boston 2005.

Weiss Rosmarin T., ‘Aribi und Arabien in den Babylonisch-Assyrischen Quellen, JSOR 16, 1932, s. 1–37.

Wellesley K., The Fable of a Roman Attack on Aden, ParPas 9, 1954, s. 401–405.

Weltecke D., Les trois grandes chroniques syro-orthodoxes du XII° et XIII siècles’, [in:] L’historiographie syriaque, ed. M. Debié, Paris 2009, s. 111–118.

Weltecke D., The World Chronicle by Patriarch Michael the Great (1126–1199): Some reflections, JAAS 11, 1997, s. 6–30.

Wenning R., North Arabian deities and the deities of Petra: an approach to the origins of the Nabataeans”, [in:] Men on the Rocks, The Formation of Nabataean Petra, eds. M. Mouton, S.G. Schmid, Berlin 2013, s. 335–342.

Wenning R., Die Dekapolis und die Nabatäer, ZDPV 110, 1994, s. 1–35.

Wenning R., The Many Faces of Dushara – a Critical Review of the Evidences, SHAJ 12, 2016, s. 189–209.

Wensinck A.J., Ismāʿīl, [in:] EI1ed, t. II, eds. M. Th. Houtsma, T.W. Arnold, R. Basset, R. Hartmann, s. 543–544, http://doi.org/10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3232

Wessner G., Ḥaḍramaūt, [in:] Lexikon der Alten Welt, ed. K. Bartes, L. Huber, Zürich-Stuttgart 1965, s. 1180–1181.

Wessner G., Saba’, [in:] Lexikon der Alten Welt, ed. K. Bartes, L. Huber, Zürich-Stuttgart 1965, s. 2681.

Whately C., El-Lejjūn: Logistics and Localisation on Rome’s Eastern Frontier in the 6th c. A.D., [in:] War and Warfare in Late Antiquity, eds. A. Sarantis, N. Christie, Leiden 2013, s. 893–926.

Whately C., War in late antiquity, secondary works, literary sources, and material evidence, [in:] War and Warfare in Late Antiquity, eds. A. Sarantis, N. Christie, Leiden 2013, s. 101–152.

Wheeler E.L., Flavius Arrianus: a political and military biography, Ann Arbor 1977.

When Nomads Settle. Processes of Sedentarization as Adaptation and Response, ed. P. Salzman, New York 1980.

Whitby M., Introduction, [in:] The History of Theophylact Simocatta, eds. and transl. M. Whitby, M. Whitby, Oxford 1986, s. XIII–XXI.

Whitby M., The Emperor Maurice and His Historian: Theophylact Simocatta on Persian and Balkan Warfare, Oxford 1988.

Whittaker C., Frontiers of the Roman Empire. A Social and Economic Study, Baltimore 1994.

Whittow M., Rethinking the Jafnids, new approaches to Rome’s Arab allies, [in:] Les Jafnides. Des rois arabes au service de Byzance (VIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne), eds. Genequand, J. Robin, Paris 2015, s. 11–36 [=Actes du colloque de Paris, 24–25 novembre 2008].

Whittow M., Rome and the Jafnids. Writing the history of a 6th-c. tribal dynasty, [in:] The Roman and Byzantine Near East. Some Recent Archaeological Research, vol. II, ed. J.H. Humphrey, Portsmouth 1999, s. 207–224.

Whittow M., The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025, Berkeley 1996.

Wickham C., Framing the Early Middle Ages, Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800, Oxford 2005.

Wiesehöfer J., Die Anfänge sassanidischer Westpolitik und der Untergang Hatras, K 64, 1982, s. 437–447.

Will E., Le sac de Palmyre, [in:] Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire offerts à André Piganiol, ed. R. Chevallier, Paris 1966, s. 1409–1416. [=Idem, De l’Euphrate au Rhin: aspects de l’hellénisation et de la romanisation du Proche-Orient, Beyrouth 1998, s. 533–540].

Williams M.H., The Monk and the Book. Jerome and the Making of Christian Scholarship, Chicago 2006.

Williams S., Diocletian and the Roman recovery, London 1985.

Winkelmann F., Euseb von Kaisareia: der Vater der Kirchengeschichte, Berlin 1991.

Winnett F.V., Allah before Islam, MWo 28, 1938, s. 239–248.

Winnett F.V., Harding G.L., Inscriptions from Fifty Safaitic Cairns, nº. 2815, Toronto, 1978, s. 478–528.

Winnett F.V., The Place of the Mineans in the History of Pre-Islamic Arabia, BASOR 73, 1939, s. 3–9.

Wipszycka E., Chrześcijaństwo starożytnego Egiptu, Tyniec–Kraków 2018.

Wipszycka E., Drugi dar Nilu czyli o mnichach i klasztorach w późnoantycznym Eipcie, Kraków 2014.

Wipszycka E., Pustynia i mnisi. Zagrożenia pustynnych wspólnot monastycznych, [in:] U schyłku starożytności. Studia źródłoznawcze, red. P. Janiszewski, E. Wipszycka, R. Wiśniewski, t. VII, Warszawa 2008, s. 199–245.

Wiseman D.J., Chronicles of Chaldaean Kings (626–556 B.C.) in the British Museum, London 1956.

Wissmann H. von, Die Geschichte des Sabäerreichs und der Feldzug des Aelius Gallus, [in:] ANRW Teill II, Prinzipat, Bd. IX.1, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen und Randvölker) Mesopotamien, Armenien, Iran, Südarabien, Rom und der Ferne Osten, 1976, s. 308–544.

Wissmann H. von, Himyar, Ancient History, Mu 77, 1964, s. 429–498.

Wissmann H. von, Über die frühe Geschichte Arabiens und das Entstehen des Sabäerreiches. Die Geschichte von Saba, Wien 1976.

Wissmann H. von, Zur Geschichte und Landeskunde von Alt-Südarabien, Wien 1964.

Wissmann H.V., De Mari Erythraeo, [in:] Hermann Lautensach-Festschrift, Stuttgart 1957, s. 289–323.

Wissmann H. von, Höffner M., Beiträge zur historischen Geographie des vorislamischen Südarabien, AGSK 4, Wiesbaden 1952.

Witakowski W., Introduction, [in:] Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre Chronicle (known also as the Chronicle of Zuqnin), part III, transl. with notes and introduction, Liverpool 1996, s. XIX–XXIII.

Witakowski W., Sources of Pseudo-Dionysius for the Third Part of his Chronicle, OrSu 40, 1991, s. 252–275.

Witakowski W., Syriac Historiographical Sources, [in:] Byzantines and Crusaders in Non-Greek Sources, 1025–1204, ed. M. Whitby, Oxfrod 2007, s. 253–282.

Witakowski W., The Chronicle Of Jacob Of Edessa, [in:] Jacob of Edessa and the Syriac Culture of His Day, ed. B. ter Haar Romeny, Leiden–Boston 2008, s. 25–47.

Witakowski W., The Ecclesiastical Chronicle of Gregory Bar ‘Ebroyo, JCSSS 6, 2006, s. 61–81.

Woelk D., Kommentare, [in:] Agatharchides von Knidos, Über das Rote Meer. Übersetzung und Kommentar von D. Woelk, Bamberg 1966.

Wojciszke B., Procesy oceniania ludzi, Poznań 1991.

Wolińska T., Al-Ḥīra, the capital of Persian Arabs, [in:] Byzantina et Slavica: studies in honour of professor Maciej Salamon, Kraków 2019, s. 435–449.

Wolińska T., Arabowie, Agareni, Izmailici, Saraceni. Kilka uwag na temat nazewnictwa, [in:] Bizancjum i Arabowie. Spotkanie cywilizacji VI–VIII w., red. T. Wolińska, P. Filipczak, Warszawa 2015, s. 31–46.

Wolińska T., East Roman Empire and ‘Persian Arabs’, ARAM 30.1/2, 2018, s. 547–568.

Wolińska T., Ghassanidzi w polityce Justyniana I Wielkiego, [in:] W kręgu zagadnień świata arabskiego, red. A. Abbas, A. Maśko, Poznań 2015, s. 223–244.

Wolińska T., Onagry pustyni, jastrzębie, wilki Arabii. Motywy zwierzęce w opisach Arabów w źródłach rzymskich i bizantyńskich, [in:] Rzymianie i barbarzyńcy. Religia – polityka – kultura, red. T. Wolińska, M. Ożóg, K. Kollinger, Rzeszów 2019, s. 47–72.

Wolińska T., Opór, bierność czy kolaboracja? Chrześcijanie w Syrii i Egipcie wobec podboju arabskiego, [in:] Bizancjum i Arabowie. Spotkanie cywilizacji VI–VIII w., red. T. Wolińska, P. Filipczak, Warszawa 2015, s. 362–387.

Wolińska T., Trudne sąsiedztwo. Wrogowie, partnerzy, sojusznicy, [in:] Bizancjum i Arabowie. Spotkanie cywilizacji VI–VIII w., red. T. Wolińska, P. Filipczak, Warszawa 2015, s. 230–277.

Wolińska T., Wizerunek Mahometa w chrześcijańskiej wersji legendy o Sergiuszu Bahirze na przykładzie długiej redakcji arabskiej, [in:] Widmo Mahometa, cień Samuela. Cesarstwo bizantyńskie w relacji z przedstawicielami innych religii i kultur (VII–XV w.), red. Z.A. Brzozowska, M.J. Leszka, T. Wolińska, K. Marinow, Łódź 2020, s. 247– 277.

Wolińska T., Wizerunek pustyni i jej mieszkańców w świetle świadectw świętych Ojców z Synaju, VP 38 (70), 2018, s. 559–600.

Wolska Conus W., La topographie chrétienne de Cosmas Indicopleustes: théologie et sciences au VIe siècle, Paris 1962.

Wolski J., Wstęp, [in:] Flawiusz Arrian, Wyprawa Aleksandra Wielkiego, przeł. H. Gesztoft-Gasztold, wstęp i kom. J. Wolski, Wrocław 2004, s. V–XI.

Woltering R.A.F.L., Zenobia or al-Zabb āʾ: The Modern Arab Literary Reception of the Palmyran Protagonist, MEL 17.1, 2014, s. 25–42.

Wood Ph., Al-Hira and its histories, JAOS 136.4, 2016, s. 785–799.

Wood Ph., Christianity and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, [in:] Inside and Out: Interactions Between Rome and the Peoples on the Arabian and Egyptian Frontiers in Late Antiquity, red. G. Fisher, J. Djikstra, Leuven 2014, s. 353–368.

Wood Ph., Collaborators and dissidents, Christians in Sasanian Iraq in the early fifth century, [in:] Late Antiquity, Eastern Perspectives, eds. T. Bernheimer, A. Silverstein, London 2012, s. 57–70.

Wood Ph., Historiography in the Syriac Speaking World, 300–1000, [in:] The Syriac World, ed. D. King, London–New York 2018, s. 405–421.

Wood Ph., The Chronicle of Seert. Christian Historical Imagination in Late Antique Iraq, Oxford 2013.

Wood Ph., “We have no king but Christ”: Christian Political Thought in Greater Syria on the Eve of the Arab Conquest (c. 400–585), Oxford. 2010, s. 235–239.

Woods D., Gregory of Nazianzus on the Death of Julian the Apostate (Or. 5.13), Mn 68.2, 2015, s. 297–303.

Woods D., Maurus, Mavia and Ammianus, Mn 51.3, 1998, s. 325–336.

Woodward E.L., Christianity and nationalism in the later Roman Empire, London 1916.

Wright W., Catalogue of Syriac mss. w the British Museum, Il, London 1871.

Writing ‘True Stories’, Historians and Hagiographers in the Late Antique and Medieval Near East. eds. A. Papaconstantinou, M. Debié, H. Kennedy, Turnhout 2010.

Yadin Y., Expedition D – The Cave of the Letters, IEJ 12.3/4, 1961 (1962), s. 227–257.

Yannopoulos P., L‘origine des informations byzantines au sujet de l‘Arabie préislamique, [in:] Arabia, Greece and Byzantium. Cultural Contacts in Ancient and Medieval Times, t. II, ed. A. Al-Helabi, D.G. Letzios, M. Al-Moraekhi, A. Al-Abduljabbar, Riyadh 2012, s. 203–219.

Yardley J.C., Justin and Pompeius Trogus. A Study of the Language of Justin’s „Epitome“ of Trogus, Toronto 2003.

Yardley J.C., What is Justin doing with Trogus? [in:] Condensing Texts – Condensed Texts, eds. M. Horster, Ch. Reitz, Stuttgart 2010, s. 469–490.

Young G.K., Rome’s Eastern Trade. International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 BC–AD 305, London 2001.

Yousef É.-I., Les Chroniqueurs syriaques, Paris 2002.

Yule P., A late antique Christian king from Zafar, South Arabia, An 87, 2013, s. 1124–1135.

Yule P., Himyar. Spätantike im Jemen/ Late Antique Yemen, Aichwald 2007.

Zaccagnini C., The Enemy in the Neo-Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: The “Ethnographic” Description, [in:] Mesopotamien and seine Nachbarn, t. II, eds. H.J. Nissen, J. Renger, Berlin 1982, s. 409–423.

Zahran Y., Philip the Arab: A study in prejudice, London 2001.

Zambrini A., Notes sur l’Arabie dans les sources classiques, [in:] Profumi d’Arabia. Atti del convegno, ed. A. Avanzini, Roma 1997, s. 481–494.

Zayadine F., Ayla – ‘Aqaba in the Light of Recent Excavations, ADAJ 38, 1994, s. 485–505.

Zayadine F., L’iconographie d’Al’Uzza-Aphrodite, Mythologie Gréco- Romaine- Mythologies Périphériques: Études d’Iconographie, Paris 1981.

Zdanowski J., Arabia Wschodnia od czasów najdawniejszych do Xll w., Warszawa 2002.

Żelazny W., Patrystyczne świadectwa prób dialogu między chrześcijanami a islamem, [in:] Wczesne chrześcijaństwo a religie, red. I.S. Ledwoń, M. Szram, Lublin 2012, s. 303–315.

Ziadé R., Les martyrs Maccabées: de l’histoire juive au culte chrétien Les homélies de Grégoire de Nazianze et de Jean Chrysostome, Leiden–Boston 2007.

Ziegler K., Plutarchos von Chaironeia, [in:] RE, XXI.1, Stuttgart 1951, s. 636–962.

Zucker A., Commentaire à l’onagre, [in:] Physiologos. Le bestiaire des bestiaire, red. A. Zucker, Grenoble 2004, s. 94–95.

Бухарин M.Д., Происхождение этнонима Σαρακηνοί, ВВ 67 [92], 2008, s. 57–62.

Ващева И.Ю., Евсевий Кесарийский и становление раннесредневекового историзма, СПб 2006.

Дьяконов А.П., Иоанн Ефесский и его церковно-исторические труды, СПб 2006.

Пигулевская Н.В., Анонимная сирийская хроника о времени Сасанидов, ЗИВАН 7, 1939, s. 55–78.

Пигулевская Н.В., Арабы у границ Византии и Ирана в IV–VI вв., Москва–Ленинград 1964.

Пигулевская Н.В., Византия на путях в Индию, Москва–Ленинград 1951.

Самуткина Л.А, Пасхальная хроника VII в. как эпитома истории, ВС-ПУ.И 2, 2006, s. 84–95.

Pobrania

Dane do pobrania nie są jeszcze dostępne.

Licencja

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

Jak cytować

Wolińska, T. (2023). Jastrzębie, onagry pustyni, wilki Arabii. Sąsiedzi cesarstwa wschodniorzymskiego z Półwyspu Arabskiego i ich wizerunek w źródłach. Okres przedislamski : Nr XLII (T. XLII). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. https://doi.org/10.18778/8331-073-2