Poles in Lithuania in Light of Contemporary Changes Opportunities, Challenges, Threats

This publication is a collection of issues raised during the conference, subjected to scientific analysis and transformed into expert recommendations. The conference was organized by The Jan Olszewski Foundation “Aid to Poles in the East” in cooperation with the Warsaw University Eastern European Studies Centre and the Faculty of International and Political Studies at the University of Lodz. It was attended by academics, journalists, educators, politicians, business representatives, and public opinion leaders, as well as students from Poland and Lithuania. The issues, in line with the conference, were divided into six key areas, discussed in six chapters, respectively.

The document presents a comprehensive analysis of the situation of the Polish minority in Lithuania, presenting multidimensional challenges and recommendations in key strategic areas. According to the 2021 census, Poles make up 6.52% of Lithuania’s population (183,421 people) and remain the country’s largest national minority.

The study points out the complexity of the situation of minorities, which stems from the historical baggage of bilateral relations, prejudices and geopolitical conditions. The 1994 Treaty that defines minority rights remains a key document, although its provisions are often interpreted differently by both sides.