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The Body, Illness and Partial Disability
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The chapter offers the sociological perspective on chronic diseases and disability, and focuses attention on the effort related to identity forming. M. Merleau-Ponty initiates the reflection on this issue by describing the perceived possession of a non-existent limb (phantom limb syndrome). D. Leder notes that a dysfunction of the body causes the body to enter the stream of consciousness; it becomes an experienced phenomenon and leaves the “„corporal” background. Including the biological dimension of the body in socio-medical research is postulated by S. Timmermans and S. Haas, who propose the sociology of particular chronic diseases defined on the basis of their clinical criteria. A complete picture of the identity-related consequences of chronic diseases and disability is offered in the works of K. Charmaz. Furthermore, the reflection presented by Anselm Strauss et al. emphasises the value of the interactive dimension of the body; the body is a non-negotiable condition for taking actions and engaging in interactions. The discussed theories emerge from qualitative studies conducted in groups of chronically ill persons. K. Charmaz argues that these persons report on their suffering using “„the language of loss”, which refers to the aspects of the <self> that were modified due to bodily changes. K. Yoshida describes the effort related to one’s personal identity that is made by persons with spinal cord injury. In his research involving people after proctocolectomy, M. Kelly documented the bodily roots of social interactions. The sociological analyses of the identity-related issues initiated by bodily changes supplement the biomedical perspective on disease and incomplete agency, providing knowledge regarding the processes occurring in one’s psycho-social sphere.
Dr. hab. Michał Skrzypek MD, PhD – practicing diabetologist, medical sociologist, member of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin. Received his habilitation from the Faculty of Social Sciences of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, PhD degree received from the Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin. In the years 2001–2016, he reactivated lectures on medical sociology at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. Has also lectured on medical sociology at the Medical University of Lublin and Warsaw University. He was elected chairman of the national Section of Health and Medicine Sociology of the PTS (two terms), appointed several times as a member of the NCN Expert Team. Author and co-author of 158 publications with an IF value of 56.8, author and editor/co-editor of 6 sociomedical monographs, as well as 2 books in the field of health sciences and obesitology. Has organized and co-organized numerous conferences and scientific sessions with a sociomedical profile, including the Jubilee Scientific Session “50 lat socjologii medycyny w Polsce – nurty badawcze, najważniejsze osiągnięcia, perspektywy rozwoju,” as well as two sociomedical sessions as part of the National Sociological Congresses. In his research he has addressed issues of the social aspects of chronic illness, as well as the social aspects of overweight and obesity. His professional activity is currently focused on medical practice.
Dr. Katarzyna Kowal – assistant professor at Władysław Biegański Collegium Medicum of Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa. In her scientific and research work, she consistently uses the strategy of qualitative research, in the implementation of which she refers to grounded theory, phenomenology, and biographical analyses. The scope of her conducted research is determined by three sociological subdisciplines: the sociology of health, illness, and medicine; sociology of the body; and qualitative sociology. Author of the monograph entitled Między altruizmem a egoizmem. Społeczno-kulturowe uwarunkowania przeszczepów rodzinnych and several dozen scientific publications in both Polish and English. Her papers have been presented during over thirty national and international scientific conferences with both sociological and medical profiles. She is the author of numerous sociomedical research projects, carried out in cooperation with scientific institutions, medical centers and patient associations. In 2019, she obtained funding from the National Science Center for the implementation of the scientific activity entitled „Rzadka choroba genetyczna w doświadczeniu chorego – socjosomatyczne studium nerwiakowłókniakowatości typu 1.” Co-founder of the Section of Sociology of the Body of the Polish Sociological Association and winner of the Anselm Strauss Award established by the Section of Qualitative Sociology and Symbolic Interactionism of the Polish Sociological Association.
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