Scientific article, paper, lecture: similarities and differences

The author undertakes the task of indicating the similarities and differences between various forms of scientific expression, in which she includes an article, a lecture, and a paper. A scientific article is one of the types of publications in which the author presents issues in an original, creative, problematic or cross-sectional way. It must contain footnotes, bibliography or other scientific apparatus appropriate for a given scientific discipline. The aim of scientists using this type of communication is, among others, to critically analyse the literature on the subject, to discuss research results, and to draw conclusions from them. A paper is a study of an issue, presented in writing or delivered to a group of interested parties. Another form of scientific communication is a lecture. Scientific articles, while maintaining a written form, are the basis for oral presentations, including lectures and papers.